CN106515094A - 一种高性能防滑土工布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高性能防滑土工布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106515094A
CN106515094A CN201610910308.9A CN201610910308A CN106515094A CN 106515094 A CN106515094 A CN 106515094A CN 201610910308 A CN201610910308 A CN 201610910308A CN 106515094 A CN106515094 A CN 106515094A
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warp
fiber
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CN106515094B (zh
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张伟
何红伟
王建军
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Nantong Shangshan Molding Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Nantong Ding Feng New Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种高性能防滑土工布及其制备方法，所述土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，三种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2，所述基层上表面和底层底部设有防滑的点状颗粒。所述土工布力学性能优良，具有较强的抗拉强度和抗变形能力，防腐性好，在路面的改造中起到加强、防渗、防反射裂缝作用，能够进一步延长路面使用寿命。

Description

一种高性能防滑土工布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建材领域，涉及一种土工布及其制备方法，具体而言涉及一种高性能防滑土工布及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，土工布主要应用于水利、港口、航道、铁路、公路等泥沙直径小受力大的工程，其起到的主要作用包括1：隔离作用，对不同物理性质的建筑材料进行隔离，使材料不混杂，保持材料的整体性；2：过滤作用，当水由细料土层流入粗料土层时，利用土工布的透水性，让水通过而拦截住土颗粒、细沙等物料；3：稳定作用，增强土体抗拉抗变形能力，增强建筑结构稳定性。
而现有的常用土工布结构单一，抗拉强度和抗变形能力低，使土工布的寿命减短，因此，本领域技术人员亟需提供一种加强型土工布，能有效地提高抗拉强度和抗变形能力，延长土工布的使用寿命。
发明内容
本发明提供一种高性能防滑土工布，力学性能优良，具有较强的抗拉强度和抗变形能力，防腐性好，在路面的改造中起到加强、防渗、防反射裂缝作用，能够进一步延长路面使用寿命。
具体的，本发明提供一种高性能防滑土工布，所述土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，三种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2，所述基层上表面和底层底部设有防滑的点状颗粒。
所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料10-20份、聚甲醛1-4份、石蜡油60-80份、木质素0.5-3份、纳米有机膨润土0.5-2份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度130℃～150℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为150℃-250℃，螺杆挤出速度为200-250转/分，喷丝板100～150孔，孔径0.5～0.8mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在200℃～220℃，喷头牵伸5～15m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维。
优选的，所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料15份、聚甲醛3份、石蜡油70份、木质素2份、纳米有机膨润土1份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度140℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为200℃，螺杆挤出速度为220转/分，喷丝板130孔，孔径0.6mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在210℃，喷头牵伸10m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维。
优选地，所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料10份、聚甲醛1份、石蜡油60份、木质素0.5份、纳米有机膨润土0.5份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度130℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为150℃，螺杆挤出速度为200转/分，喷丝板100孔，孔径0.5mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在200℃，喷头牵伸5m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维。
优选地，所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料20份、聚甲醛4份、石蜡油80份、木质素3份、纳米有机膨润土2份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度150℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为250℃，螺杆挤出速度为250转/分，喷丝板150孔，孔径0.8mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在220℃，喷头牵伸15m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维。
所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线按比例1:1：1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例2：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维，第三纬线采用亚麻纤维。
所述的防滑的点状颗粒为高密度聚乙烯材料制成，该点状颗粒均匀的粘贴在基层和底层的外表面上；即本发明的土工布外表面设置有防滑点状颗粒。
所述基层和底层通过粘结剂粘接在一起；优选地，所述粘结剂是聚酯粉末。
具体实施方式
实施例1：一种高性能防滑土工布
所述土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，三种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2；所述基层上表面和底层底部设有防滑的点状颗粒；
所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料15份、聚甲醛3份、石蜡油70份、木质素2份、纳米有机膨润土1份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度140℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为200℃，螺杆挤出速度为220转/分，喷丝板130孔，孔径0.6mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在210℃，喷头牵伸10m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维；
所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线按比例1:1：1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例2：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维，第三纬线采用亚麻纤维；
所述基层和底层通过聚酯粉末粘接在一起。
实施例2 一种高性能防滑土工布
土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，三种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2；所述基层上表面和底层底部设有防滑的点状颗粒；
所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料10份、聚甲醛1份、石蜡油60份、木质素0.5份、纳米有机膨润土0.5份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度130℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为150℃，螺杆挤出速度为200转/分，喷丝板100孔，孔径0.5mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在200℃，喷头牵伸5m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维；
所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线按比例1:1：1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例2：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维，第三纬线采用亚麻纤维；
所述基层和底层通过聚酯粉末粘接在一起。
实施例3 一种高性能防滑土工布的制备
所述土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，三种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2；所述基层上表面和底层底部设有防滑的点状颗粒；
所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料20份、聚甲醛4份、石蜡油80份、木质素3份、纳米有机膨润土2份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度150℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为250℃，螺杆挤出速度为250转/分，喷丝板150孔，孔径0.8mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在220℃，喷头牵伸15m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维；
所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线按比例1:1：1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例2：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维，第三纬线采用亚麻纤维；
所述基层和底层通过聚酯粉末粘接在一起。
对比例1：（底层省略聚酰亚胺纤维）
所述土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，两种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2；其他同实施例1。
对比例2：（省略聚甲醛）
所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料15份、石蜡油70份、木质素2份、纳米有机膨润土1份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度140℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为200℃，螺杆挤出速度为220转/分，喷丝板130孔，孔径0.6mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在210℃，喷头牵伸10m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维；其他同实施例1。
对比例3（ 省略第三纬线）
所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线按比例1:1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例2：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维；其他同实施例1。
对比例4（改变第一经线和第二经线的配比）
所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线按比例1:1：1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例1：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维，第三纬线采用亚麻纤维；其他同实施例1。
实施例4：性能测试
测试本发明实施例1-3以及对比例1-4制备的高性能防滑土工布的机械性能，结果见表1。
表1 本发明高性能防滑土工布的机械性能
断裂强力（KN/m） CBR顶破强力（KN）
实施例1 68 7.6
实施例2 67 7.8
实施例3 70 7.5
对比例1 35 4.6
对比例2 41 5.3
对比例3 34 4.7
对比例4 38 5.4
表1的结果表明，本发明实施例1-3制备的土工布就有优良的力学性能，而对比例1-4的力学性能显著下降。

Claims (6)

1.一种高性能防滑土工布，其特征在于，所述土工布包括基层以及底层；所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成；所述底层包括聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维以及高强纤维，三种纤维经开松、混合、梳理、铺网后，通过针刺、热定型交织在一起；聚酰亚胺纤维、玻璃纤维、高强纤维的重量比为4：4：2；所述基层上表面和底层底部设有防滑的点状颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高性能防滑土工布，其中所述的高强纤维是将分子量为150-200万的超高分子量聚乙烯粉料10-20份、聚甲醛1-4份、石蜡油60-80份、木质素0.5-3份、纳米有机膨润土0.5-2份在混合釜中混合一起，加热搅拌，加热温度130℃～150℃，得膨胀液，自然降温形成冻胶块，取出冻胶块并在碎料设备上将其粉碎成粒料，然后用脱油设备脱去部分溶剂，将粒料输入到螺杆挤压机熔融纺丝：螺杆长径比为1∶40，螺杆各段温度为150℃-250℃，螺杆挤出速度为200-250转/分，喷丝板100～150孔，孔径0.5～0.8mm，喷丝熔体温度控制在200℃～220℃，喷头牵伸5～15m/分，然后预拉伸卷绕，再经过萃取、干燥和超倍拉伸工艺，得到高强纤维。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高性能防滑土工布，所述基层由经线与纬线编织而成，所述纬线包括第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线，经线包括第一经线和第二经线，其中第一纬线、第二纬线和第三纬线按比例1:1：1排列，第一经线和第二经线按比例2：1排列，所述第一经线采用聚酰胺纤维，第二经线采用聚丙烯腈纤维，第一纬线采用聚酯纤维，第二纬线采用玻璃纤维，第三纬线采用亚麻纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高性能防滑土工布，其中所述的防滑的点状颗粒为高密度聚乙烯材料制成，该点状颗粒均匀的粘贴在基层和底层的外表面上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高性能防滑土工布，所述基层和底层通过粘结剂粘接在一起。
6.根据权利要求4所述的高性能防滑土工布，所述粘结剂是聚酯粉末。
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