CN106515091A - 高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106515091A
CN106515091A CN201610958014.3A CN201610958014A CN106515091A CN 106515091 A CN106515091 A CN 106515091A CN 201610958014 A CN201610958014 A CN 201610958014A CN 106515091 A CN106515091 A CN 106515091A
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CN106515091B (zh
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王舒楠
赵发刚
杜冬
李宗周
任友良
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Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板及其制备方法，包括高导热碳纤维面板、常温固化结构胶层、铝蜂窝芯子、发泡胶、热管以及定位铆钉；所述铝蜂窝芯子中设置有热管，热管周围设置有发泡胶，所述高导热碳纤维面板通过常温固化结构胶层分别铺设在铝蜂窝芯子的上下两面上。本发明解决了铝合金材料热管与碳纤维面板材料之间由于热膨胀系数不匹配引起的胶接界面抗剪切性能不足的问题。本发明利用该材料高刚度微变形及高导热的性能，使航天器碳纤维材料面板铝蜂窝板的应用范围进一步扩大，解决了航天器在轨变形及大功耗单机的散热问题。

Description

高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及航天飞行器结构板材，具体地，涉及一种高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板及其制备方法。
背景技术
航天器结构中大量应用的蜂窝夹层结构板的上、下面板普遍采用铝合金材料。随着高分辨率卫星对在轨热变形要求的提高，高模量高强度碳纤维材料在整星结构上的应用需求逐渐扩大，当蜂窝夹层板使用碳纤维作为面板时，由于常用碳纤维材料铺备的面板导热系数只有10W/(m·K)，是铝合金材料120W/(m·K)的1/12，极大程度的限制了大功耗单机的散热，因此成为碳纤维面板蜂窝夹层板得不到广泛应用的主要原因；另一方面若在碳纤维面板蜂窝夹层板内预埋铝合金热管，碳纤维复合材料和铝合金热管的热膨胀系数分别为22.7×10-6/℃、0.8×10-6/℃，两者热膨胀系数的差异将引起胶接界面产生较大剪应力，因而无法通过航天器地面热试验考核。
为了解决铝合金材料热管与碳纤维面板材料之间由于热膨胀系数不匹配引起的胶接界面抗剪切性能不足的问题。本发明利用该材料高刚度微变形及高导热的性能，解决了航天器在轨变形及大功耗单机的散热问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板及其制备方法。
根据本发明提供的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，包括：高导热碳纤维面板、常温固化结构胶层、铝蜂窝芯子、发泡胶以及热管；所述热管通过发泡胶埋设在铝蜂窝芯子内部；所述铝蜂窝芯子的上下两个面铺设有高导热碳纤维面板，所述高导热碳纤维面板与铝蜂窝芯子之间能够通过常温固化结构胶层粘合。
优选地，所述热管的截面呈工字形；具体地，所述热管包括：呈8字形的两个并列的热管管道；热管的上下两端还设置有延长翼，所述延长翼的尺寸大于热管管道的直径。
优选地，所述发泡胶包覆住两个并列的热管管道，并将热管与铝蜂窝芯子胶接为一体；且热管上下两端延长翼的外端面与铝蜂窝芯子的上下端面平齐。
优选地，还包括定位铆钉，在所述高导热碳纤维面板、常温固化结构胶层、铝蜂窝芯子以及热管上均设置有贯穿的定位孔；定位铆钉安装在该定位孔内。
优选地，所述高导热碳纤维面板为沥青基碳纤维材料制成，所述高导热碳纤维面板纤维向导热系数达600W/(m·K)。
根据本发明提供的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将热管与铝蜂窝芯子通过发泡胶进行固化，固化后形成一个由热管和铝蜂窝芯子组成的复合体；
步骤2：在高导热碳纤维面板待胶接内侧涂常温固化结构胶层，并与已经固化的复合体胶合；
步骤3：在热管延长翼所对应的位置处打入贯穿高导热碳纤维面板、常温固化结构胶层、热管延长翼、铝蜂窝芯子的定位柳丁进行定位和加固。
优选地，还包括工质填充步骤：在热管的管道内填充工质。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
1、本发明解决了铝合金材料热管与碳纤维面板材料之间由于热膨胀系数不匹配引起的胶接界面抗剪切性能不足的问题，提高了航天器的整体散热性能。
2、本发明满足大功耗单机开机后横向散热的要求，使碳纤维材料面板铝蜂窝板的应用范围进一步扩大。
3、本发明对常规航天用热管进行了改型设计，在不改变原型材的基础上设计两端加长翼，并预作高精度小孔后续定位铆接；采用蜂窝芯子和热管一体成型的高温固化方式，保证蜂窝板内部各预埋件的胶接质量。
4、本发明对蜂窝板面板胶接采取常温胶接定型以降低胶接温度过高带来的残余应力；通过在热管两端进行铆钉固连使其承担大部分的剪切载荷，有效避免了碳纤维层间及胶接界面的剪切失效。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板的立体分解示意图；
图2为高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板的剖面示意图；
图中：
1-高导热碳纤维面板；
2-常温固化结构胶层；
3-铝蜂窝芯子；
4-发泡胶；
5-热管；
6-定位铆钉。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
根据本发明提供的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，包括：高导热碳纤维面板、常温固化结构胶层、铝蜂窝芯子、发泡胶、热管及定位铆钉；
所述高导热碳纤维面板为沥青基碳纤维材料，其纤维向导热系数达600W/(m·K)，由高导热碳纤维铺备的准各向同性碳面板的面内导热系数达200W/(m·K)；较铝合金材料的导热性能更优，且具有较高的弹性模量，建议按[-45/0/45/90]角度铺层，单层0.1共0.4mm的碳纤维面板，或按[-60/0/60]角度铺层为0.3mm的碳纤维面板。
所述热管材料为铝合金，截面呈工字型，热管高度能够根据蜂窝板的使用要求进行调整，热管上下两端设置有延长翼，所述延长翼的尺寸大于热管管道的直径，在热管内部填充工质前，须在上下两端延长翼位置处打小孔，后续通过该小孔进行高精度定位。
具体地，高导热碳纤维面板铝蜂窝板的成型分为：蜂窝芯子与热管中高温成型阶段、上层面板常温固化阶段、下层面板常温固化阶段；首先铝蜂窝芯子与新型热管通过常规结构发泡胶进行中高温固化；然后将高导热碳纤维面板胶接内侧涂常温固化结构胶，并与已胶接为一体的热管和铝蜂窝芯子结构进行第一胶接面的常温固化；最后按上述步骤进行第二胶接面的常温固化，整个面板涂胶、热管和铝蜂窝芯子固化过程须严格控制胶接面间隙、涂胶均匀，以保证后续胶接界面无缺陷。复合成为一体的蜂窝板热管两端需要打入铆钉进行精确定位，起到连接固定及抗剪作用。
如图1、2所示，实施例包括：高导热碳纤维面板的纵向导热系数达600W/(m·K)，按单层0.1mm、角度[-60/0/60]铺层的准各向同性碳面板的面内导热系数达200W/(m·K)，其0°单向板的弹性模量高达450GPa，力学性能和导热性能均优于铝面板。
由上所述，本发明为解决铝合金材料热管与碳纤维面板材料之间由于热膨胀系数不匹配引起的胶接界面抗剪切性能不足的问题。通过本发明既满足了大功耗单机开机后横向散热的要求，又解决了碳纤维与铝热管之间热膨胀系数不匹配的问题，使碳纤维材料面板铝蜂窝板的应用范围进一步扩大。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。

Claims (7)

1.一种高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于，包括：高导热碳纤维面板(1)、常温固化结构胶层(2)、铝蜂窝芯子(3)、发泡胶(4)以及热管(5)；所述热管(5)通过发泡胶(4)埋设在铝蜂窝芯子(3)内部；所述铝蜂窝芯子(3)的上下两个面铺设有高导热碳纤维面板(1)，所述高导热碳纤维面板(1)与铝蜂窝芯子(3)之间能够通过常温固化结构胶层(2)粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于，所述热管(5)的截面呈工字形；具体地，所述热管(5)包括：呈8字形的两个并列的热管管道；热管(5)的上下两端还设置有延长翼，所述延长翼的尺寸大于热管管道的直径。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于，所述发泡胶(4)包覆住两个并列的热管管道，并将热管(5)与铝蜂窝芯子(3)胶接为一体；且热管(5)上下两端延长翼的外端面与铝蜂窝芯子(3)的上下端面平齐。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于，还包括定位铆钉(6)，在所述高导热碳纤维面板(1)、常温固化结构胶层(2)、铝蜂窝芯子(3)以及热管(5)上均设置有贯穿的定位孔；定位铆钉(6)安装在该定位孔内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板，其特征在于，所述高导热碳纤维面板(1)为沥青基碳纤维材料制成，所述高导热碳纤维面板(1)纤维向导热系数达600W/(m·K)。
6.一种高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将热管(5)与铝蜂窝芯子(3)通过发泡胶(4)进行固化，固化后形成一个由热管(5)和铝蜂窝芯子(3)组成的复合体；
步骤2：在高导热碳纤维面板(1)待胶接内侧涂常温固化结构胶层(2)，并与已经固化的复合体胶合；
步骤3：在热管延长翼所对应的位置处打入贯穿高导热碳纤维面板(1)、常温固化结构胶层(2)、热管延长翼、铝蜂窝芯子(3)的定位柳丁(6)进行定位和加固。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高导热碳纤维面板预埋热管的铝蜂窝夹层板的制备方法，其特征在于，还包括工质填充步骤：在热管的管道内填充工质。
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