CN106508908A - 一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂 - Google Patents

一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂 Download PDF

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CN106508908A
CN106508908A CN201610844491.7A CN201610844491A CN106508908A CN 106508908 A CN106508908 A CN 106508908A CN 201610844491 A CN201610844491 A CN 201610844491A CN 106508908 A CN106508908 A CN 106508908A
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马振宇
王海斌
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Beijing Austin Biotechnology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，所述植物提取物为生物质提取液；所述和生物质提取液是生物质原料在气化剂的条件下，经原料层、热解层、氧化层、还原层和冷却层，得到气液混合物和生物炭质；本发明的优点在于：具有杀菌杀虫等功能，防治树木病虫害效果好，起效快，成本低，效果持久。

Description

一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种植物提取物，具体地说是一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，属于植物提取物领域。
背景技术
生物质热解气化是生物质原料（主要是农林植物，如树枝、秸秆、稻壳等）经过高温、限制氧气的条件下发生的热分解，并气化产生可燃气、生物质碳和生物质提取液的过程。生物质原料的主要成分为纤维素（由β-D-葡萄糖通过1-4苷键连接而成的线型高分子化合物均一高聚糖）、半纤维素（是细胞壁中非纤维素高聚糖，由两种或两种以上糖基构成，带有侧链或支链的非均一高聚糖的总称）、木质素（是苯基丙炕单元通过醚键和碳-碳键连接而成的具有三度空间网状结构的芳香族高聚物）及其它灰分（Si、K、N、Ca、Na、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn等）。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，设计了一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，具有杀菌杀虫等功能，防治树木病虫害效果好，起效快，成本低，效果持久。
本发明的技术方案为：
一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，所述植物提取物为生物质提取液；所述生物质提取液的制备过程如下：
生物质原料在气化剂的条件下，经原料层、热解层、氧化层、还原层和冷却层，得到气液混合物和生物炭质。其中，热解区的温度为200-600℃，原料在缺氧的条件下解决产生大量可燃气（CO，H2，CH4等）、炭和生物质提取液；氧化区温度为600-800℃，生物质炭与气化剂反应C+O2=CO2,2C+O2=2CO；还原区温度为800-600℃，还原反应，C+ H2O =CO+H2，CO+H2O=CO2+H2，C+CO2=2CO,C+2H2=CH4，CO2+H2=CO+H2O。将得到的气液混合物经过冷凝分离后，得到含有酸类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酚类等多种化学成分的的生物质提取液；
所述生物质提取液由以下重量份的成分组成：苯酚15份、乙酸40份、丁酸10份、环己烷三酮15份、环己烷二酮类15份、吡啶15份、3-甲基吡啶15份、4-甲基吡啶15份、5-(2-丙烯基)-1,2,3-三甲氧基苯10份。具有杀菌杀虫等功能，防治树木病虫害效果好，起效快，成本低，效果持久。
另外，所述植物提取物还添加有以下重量份的成分：苏云金杆菌2份、白僵菌1份、纳米矿物油2份、螯合锌5份、螯合镁5份、螯合硼2份、螯合铁2份，尿素10份，磷酸二氢钾3份。
苏云金杆菌，简称Bt,是包括许多变种的一类产晶体芽孢杆菌。该菌可产生两大类毒素，即内毒素（伴胞晶体）和外毒素，使害虫停止取食，最后害虫因饥饿和中毒死亡。因此该杆菌可做微生物源低毒杀虫剂，用于防治直翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、膜翅目，特别是鳞翅目的多种害虫。
白僵菌是一种子囊菌类的虫生真菌，主要种类包括球孢白僵菌和布氏白僵菌等，常通过无性繁殖生成--分生孢子，菌丝有横隔有分枝。白僵菌的分布范围很广，从海拔几米至2000多米的高山均发现过白僵菌的存在，白僵菌可以侵入6个目15科200多种昆虫、螨类的虫体内大量繁殖，同时产生白僵素（非核糖体多肽类毒素）、卵孢霉素（苯醌类毒素）和草酸钙结晶，这些物质可引起昆虫中毒，打乱新陈代谢以致死亡。
矿物油为高效低毒杀虫杀菌剂，能有效防治虫类,害虫和真菌类病害。能在虫体上形成油膜,封闭其气孔并窒息害虫,其作用机理不是以神经毒剂,而是以物理窒息杀虫,故害虫对其不会产生抗性。同时,油膜封闭害虫感触器使害虫无法辫认寄主植物,从而达到驱避作用,喷药后留在叶面上的油膜可驱避害虫产卵和取食长达14天至30天。
其他组份为补充营养元素。
其中，所述生物质原料为农林植物，如秸秆、稻壳、果壳或林业三剩物等。
本发明的优点在于：具有杀菌杀虫等功能，防治树木病虫害效果好，起效快，成本低，效果持久。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例植物提取物的制备过程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
除非另有说明，本发明中所采用的百分数均为重量百分数。
实施例1
一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，所述植物提取物为生物质提取液；所述生物质提取液的制备过程如下：
生物质原料在气化剂的条件下，经原料层、热解层、氧化层、还原层和冷却层，得到气液混合物和生物炭质。其中，热解区的温度为200-600℃，原料在缺氧的条件下解决产生大量可燃气（CO，H2，CH4等）、炭和生物质提取液；氧化区温度为600-800℃，生物质炭与气化剂反应C+O2=CO2,2C+O2=2CO；还原区温度为800-600℃，还原反应，C+H2O=CO+H2，CO+H2O=CO2+H2，C+CO2=2CO,C+2H2=CH4，CO2+H2=CO+H2O；将得到的气液混合物经过冷凝分离后，得到含有酸类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酚类等多种化学成分的的生物质提取液；所述生物质提取液由以下重量份的成分组成：苯酚15份、乙酸40份、丁酸10份、环己烷三酮15份、环己烷二酮类15份、吡啶15份、3-甲基吡啶15份、4-甲基吡啶15份、5-(2-丙烯基)-1,2,3-三甲氧基苯10份。具有杀菌杀虫等功能，防治树木病虫害效果好，起效快，成本低，效果持久。
其中，所述生物质原料为农林植物，如秸秆、稻壳、果壳或林业三剩物等。
以生物质活性提取液为原料，以白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌、大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌种，按抑菌试验方法进行抑菌试验，结果如下表所示：
由上表可知，生物质提取液对白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌有很强的抑菌效果，抑菌率都在90%，对金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉菌抑菌有抑菌作用。
生物质提取液在有机桃树防治螃虫上的应用
戴庄村1500余商有机桃园己连续三年用提取液替代化学农药防治害虫，基本控制蚜虫、金龟子、桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫危害，效果显著。
本发明中所用原料均为本领域生产中常用原料，均可从市场中得到，且对于生产结果不会产生影响；本发明中所采用的各种设备，均为本领域生产工艺中使用的常规设备，且各设备的操作、参数等均按照常规操作进行，并无特别之处。

Claims (3)

1.一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，其特征在于：所述植物提取物为生物质提取液；所述生物质提取液的制备过程如下：
生物质原料在气化剂的条件下，经原料层、热解层、氧化层、还原层和冷却层，得到气液混合物和生物炭质；其中，热解区的温度为200-600℃，原料在缺氧的条件下解决产生大量可燃气（CO，H2，CH4等）、炭和生物质提取液；氧化区温度为600-800℃，生物质炭与气化剂反应C+O2=CO2,2C+O2=2CO；还原区温度为800-600℃，还原反应，C+H2O=CO+H2，CO+H2O=CO2+H2，C+CO2=2CO,C+2H2=CH4，CO2+H2=CO+H2O；将得到的气液混合物经过冷凝分离后，得到含有酸类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酚类等多种化学成分的的生物质提取液；所述生物质提取液由以下重量份的成分组成：苯酚15份、乙酸40份、丁酸10份、环己烷三酮15份、环己烷二酮类15份、吡啶15份、3-甲基吡啶15份、4-甲基吡啶15份、5-(2-丙烯基)-1,2,3-三甲氧基苯10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，其特征在于：所述生物质原料为农林植物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含有植物提取物用于防治树木病虫害的制剂，其特征在于：所述农林植物为秸秆、稻壳、果壳或林业三剩物。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112369433A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-19 中国农业大学 水溶性杀菌剂及其制备方法和应用
CN112400898A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-02-26 中国农业大学 杀菌杀虫剂及其制备方法及应用
WO2021227300A1 (zh) * 2020-05-11 2021-11-18 枣庄学院 一种防治霜霉病的生物农药

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