CN106505268B - New energy automobile power battery safety coefficient - Google Patents

New energy automobile power battery safety coefficient Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106505268B
CN106505268B CN201611092282.8A CN201611092282A CN106505268B CN 106505268 B CN106505268 B CN 106505268B CN 201611092282 A CN201611092282 A CN 201611092282A CN 106505268 B CN106505268 B CN 106505268B
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China
Prior art keywords
fire extinguishing
control device
early warning
battery
sensor
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CN201611092282.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106505268A (en
Inventor
杲先锋
杨叶
钱俊伟
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Jiangsu Honghu Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Jiangsu Honghu Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Publication of CN106505268A publication Critical patent/CN106505268A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/488Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/07Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625Vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • H01M10/635Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63Control systems
    • H01M10/637Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H01M2200/10Temperature sensitive devices
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a new energy automobile power battery safety system which comprises a control device, at least one group of battery boxes, an early warning sensor and a fire extinguishing device. The early warning sensor comprises an odor sensor in the battery box and a temperature sensor arranged outside the battery box in the vehicle, the early warning sensor is used for detecting the environmental conditions inside and outside the battery box, the early warning sensor is connected with the control device, and the control device is connected with the fire extinguishing device; when the early warning sensor detects that the environmental condition of the battery box exceeds a preset value, the early warning sensor sends an early warning signal to the control device, and the control device triggers the fire extinguishing device according to early warning information. The power battery safety system can timely find out abnormal temperature of the power battery pack and rapidly process the abnormal temperature of the power battery pack, effectively solves the problem of time lag from the sudden ignition of a new energy automobile to the implementation of the fire extinguishing process, and reduces potential safety hazards.

Description

New energy automobile power battery safety coefficient
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a power battery safety system for preventing a battery box in a new energy automobile from igniting and exploding.
Background
With the increasing severity of environmental pollution problems, governments of various countries are responsible for one of the main sources of pollution: the requirements of automobile exhaust emission are more and more strict, so that great opportunities are brought to the rapid development of new energy automobiles to a certain extent. With the enhancement of environmental awareness of human beings, in order to reduce air pollution, more and more vehicles adopting batteries as power are adopted, and the sales of electric vehicles per year are increased at a speed of 30%, but with the continuous increase of the storage of new energy vehicles, the occurrence of spontaneous combustion and fire events is gradually increased. The protection of power cells is an important issue through analysis.
At present, the power battery for the new energy automobile mainly comprises three types of nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium ion batteries and fuel batteries. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of large specific capacity, high working voltage, long cycle life, small volume, light weight and the like, and is currently the first choice power battery of the new energy automobile.
When the battery pack is used, a plurality of single batteries are generally required to be arranged in a plurality of battery boxes on a new energy automobile, and the battery pack is formed by connecting the single batteries in series and in parallel so as to meet the requirements of an automobile power source. However, due to the reasons of production process and the like, certain difference exists between the capacity and the performance of each battery, the over-discharge phenomenon or the over-charge phenomenon can occur in the battery with small capacity and poor performance, so that the separator between the positive plate and the negative plate of the battery can be broken down to short circuit, high temperature is generated, the electrolyte is vaporized by overheating, the battery shell is broken by expansion, and even a plurality of problems such as ignition or explosion occur. In some abnormal situations, such as electrolyte leakage, the power cell pack will produce a pungent abnormal odor. When the electrolyte is excessively consumed or lost, the automobile generator can forcedly charge the power battery pack, and the battery pack can be charged and overheated to emit white smoke.
In order to balance different BATTERY packs, a BMS (BATTERY management system) system is adopted in the industry, and can monitor the voltage, current and temperature of each BATTERY pack in real time, balance the voltage of each single BATTERY and enable the capacity and performance of each single BATTERY in the BATTERY pack to be as consistent as possible, but the reliability of the current BMS system is not high, and the hidden danger of ignition and explosion of a BATTERY box of a new energy automobile cannot be completely eradicated.
Therefore, the fire extinguishing device is arranged on the new energy automobile, and the fire retardation can be realized under certain extreme conditions, so that the technical problems that the battery pack is continuously heated and the battery chain reaction is needed to be solved by the fire extinguishing device on the electric automobile are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power battery safety system of a new energy automobile, which can discover the abnormality and extreme condition of a power battery pack of the new energy automobile in advance and automatically and timely cool and extinguish the fire of the battery.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the power battery safety device of the new energy automobile is characterized by comprising a control device, at least one group of battery boxes, an early warning sensor and a fire extinguishing device; the early warning sensor comprises an odor sensor in the battery box and a temperature sensor arranged outside the battery box in the vehicle, the early warning sensor is used for detecting the environmental conditions inside and outside the battery box, the early warning sensor is connected with the control device, and the control device is connected with the fire extinguishing device; when the early warning sensor detects that the environmental condition of the battery box exceeds a preset value, the early warning sensor sends an early warning signal to the control device, and the control device triggers the fire extinguishing device according to early warning information.
Further, the early warning sensor also comprises a smoke sensor and/or a temperature sensor which are arranged in the battery box.
Further, a temperature sensor is provided outside the battery box in the vehicle, and is connected to the control device and transmits a detected temperature signal outside the battery box thereto.
Further, when abnormal smell is generated in the battery box, the smell sensor can send out an early warning signal or trigger the fire extinguishing device.
Further, abnormal odor is generated in the battery case, which is caused by electrolyte leakage.
Further, the fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing device A, wherein a fire extinguishing agent is stored in the fire extinguishing device A, the fire extinguishing agent is conveyed to the side of the battery pack through a conveying pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the conveying pipeline.
Further, the fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing device B, wherein a coolant is stored in the fire extinguishing device B, the coolant is conveyed to the side of the battery pack through a conveying pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the conveying pipeline.
And further, the control device is also in communication connection with a BMS system of the new energy automobile, and a storage unit is connected with the control device.
And furthermore, the fire extinguishing device also comprises an emergency fire extinguishing button, wherein the emergency fire extinguishing button is connected with the control device and is used for directly informing the control device to control the fire extinguishing device to perform environmental cooling treatment.
Furthermore, the control device is also in communication connection with a communication unit of the new energy automobile and is used for sending information of abnormal temperature of the battery pack to the communication unit.
Compared with the prior art, the novel energy automobile power battery safety system has the advantages that the novel energy automobile power battery safety system can timely find out abnormal temperature or extreme conditions of a battery pack of an electric vehicle, can perform cooling treatment on the battery pack, can perform rapid fire extinguishing treatment on the battery pack even if combustion occurs already, effectively solves the problem of time lag from the sudden ignition of the novel energy automobile to the implementation of the fire extinguishing process, and reduces potential safety hazards. And moreover, the early warning broadcast of abnormal temperature of the battery pack can be provided, more time reactions are given to operators, and the safety coefficient is further improved.
Further, the fire extinguishing device comprises the cooling material, so that the temperature of the battery can be reduced below the electrochemical reaction temperature condition, and the electrochemical reaction of the battery is stopped, thereby reducing the waste of the battery material, prolonging the service life of the battery and being more environment-friendly. Moreover, the spraying material of the fire extinguishing device has strong insulativity, can not generate secondary damage to the battery, is easy to volatilize and has less residue, environmental protection and no toxicity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a logic structure of a power battery safety system of a new energy automobile according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the power battery safety system of the new energy automobile related to the invention is further described in non-limiting detail below with reference to the preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a new energy automobile power battery safety system, which includes a control device 1, a storage unit 2, an electromagnetic valve 3, an electromagnetic valve 4, a fire extinguishing device a, a fire extinguishing device B, a conveying pipe 1, a conveying pipe 2, an emergency fire extinguishing button 9, a smoke sensor 11, temperature sensors 12, 13, an odor sensor 14, and battery boxes 1, 2. The smoke sensor 11, the temperature sensor 12 and the smell sensor 14 are arranged in the battery box, are used for detecting the temperature, the smoke and the smell in the battery box, and are connected to the control device.
Wherein, the fire extinguishing device B is filled with coolant, and is connected to the side of the battery pack in the battery box through a conveying pipeline 8, and the conveying pipeline 8 is provided with an electromagnetic valve 4 for opening and closing a pipeline. The fire extinguishing device A is filled with fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent is connected to the side of a battery pack in a battery box through a conveying pipeline 7, and an electromagnetic valve 3 for opening and closing a pipeline is arranged on the conveying pipeline 7.
The storage unit 2 is used for storing battery working time, temperature information, current, voltage and the like for query by the control device 1. The control device 1 is respectively connected with the smoke sensor 11, the temperature sensor 12 and the smell sensor 14, and receives data transmitted by the smoke sensor 11, the temperature sensor 12 and the smell sensor, so as to control the operation of the subsequent fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6. Wherein the smoke sensor 11, the smell sensor and the temperature sensor 12 are arranged in the battery box where the battery pack is positioned and adjacent to the battery pack.
Further, a temperature sensor 13 may be disposed outside the battery box where the battery pack is located, or at other suitable positions in the vehicle, to detect the temperature in the vehicle, i.e., the temperature outside the battery box. Which is connected to the control device 1 and which transmits a detected temperature signal outside the battery compartment. The control device 1 detects the temperature difference between the received temperature signal outside the battery box and the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor 12 in the battery box, and once the temperature difference exceeds a preset range, for example, 30 degrees, an early warning signal is sent or the fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6 are triggered to cool the battery pack in the battery box, so that the hidden danger of spontaneous combustion of the battery is reduced.
Further, the new energy automobile power battery safety system can be installed in any reasonable space, and the fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6 of the new energy automobile power battery safety system are connected to the side of a battery pack in a battery box through conveying pipelines 7 and 8, and reasonable fire extinguishing points are arranged near the battery pack. The control device 1 controls the fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6 to deliver the fire extinguishing agent and the cooling agent to the battery packs through pipelines by controlling the electromagnetic valves 3 and 4 arranged on the delivery pipelines 7 and 8.
The control device 1 is also in communication connection with a BMS system and a communication unit 10 of the new energy vehicle. For the former, it can receive the alarm information from the former, and then control the fire extinguishing device 5, 6 to perform the battery pack environment cooling treatment. In the latter case, it may be provided with warning information to alert personnel in the vehicle to the fact that they are ready in advance, which may be considered a warning function. Specifically, when the control unit 1 finds that the temperature of the battery pack is rising too fast, it CAN send out warning information to the communication unit 10 through the CAN bus of the electric vehicle where it is located.
When the fire extinguishing device according to the present invention is triggered, in one embodiment, the fire extinguishing device B releases the coolant to the full range of the abnormal battery pack through the pipe, so that the ambient temperature of the abnormal battery pack is rapidly reduced below the temperature required for the electrochemical reaction. The fire extinguishing device A can release fire extinguishing agent to the whole range of the abnormal battery pack through the pipeline, so that the fire retardant material covers the surface of the abnormal battery pack, the combustion range of the battery pack is isolated from the outside, and the effects of flame retardance, prolonging the temperature rise time of the battery pack and delaying the chain reaction of the battery pack are achieved.
As to the triggering conditions of the fire extinguishing apparatus according to the present invention as referred to above, the following modes can be used, but are not limited thereto:
(1) When the temperature sensor 12 near the battery pack detects that the ambient temperature exceeds a set value or when the smoke sensor 11 detects smoke in the environment, the smoke sensor sends a sensed over-temperature signal A to the control device 1, and the control device 1 triggers the fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6;
(2) If the temperature of the battery pack is increased due to extrusion, short circuit and other conditions of the battery pack caused by some reasons, and the battery pack is detected by a BMS system of the vehicle, the BMS system sends an over-temperature signal B to the control device 1 to trigger the fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6;
(3) When an in-car person realizes that a fire is caused in the car due to a certain reason, and the temperature sensor 12 or the smoke sensor 11 fails, the emergency fire extinguishing button 9 can be pressed, so that an over-temperature signal C is sent to the control device 1 to trigger the fire extinguishing devices 5 and 6;
(4) When the control device 1 detects that the rising trend of the battery pack temperature is too fast, the control device triggers the fire extinguishing device B, and the fire extinguishing device B releases part of cooling materials to reduce the temperature of the abnormal battery pack although the temperature does not exceed a safe temperature value;
(5) The control device 1 detects the temperature difference between the received temperature signal outside the battery box and the temperature signal a transmitted by the temperature sensor 12 inside the battery box, and once the temperature difference exceeds a preset range, for example, 30 degrees, an early warning signal is sent or the fire extinguishing device 5, 6 is triggered to cool the battery pack inside the battery box, so that the hidden danger of spontaneous combustion of the battery is reduced.
(6) The odor sensor 14 detects abnormal odor (not limited to odor generated by electrolyte leakage) generated by the power battery pack and gives a sensed signal to the control device, and the control device gives an early warning signal and triggers the automatic fire extinguishing device.
The invention relates to a new energy automobile power battery safety system, which can timely find out the abnormal temperature condition of a battery pack of an electric vehicle, can perform cooling treatment on the battery pack, and can perform rapid fire extinguishing treatment even if combustion happens already, so that the problem of time lag from the sudden ignition of the new energy automobile to the implementation of the fire extinguishing process is effectively solved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced. And moreover, the early warning broadcast of abnormal temperature of the battery pack can be provided, more time reactions are given to operators, and the safety coefficient is further improved.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing device comprises the cooling material, so that the temperature of the battery can be reduced below the electrochemical reaction temperature condition, and the electrochemical reaction of the battery is stopped, thereby reducing the waste of the battery material, prolonging the service life of the battery and protecting the environment. Moreover, the spraying material of the fire extinguishing device has strong insulativity, can not generate secondary damage to the battery, is easy to volatilize and has less residue, environmental protection and no toxicity.
It should be noted that the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments is merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as long as the scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The power battery safety device of the new energy automobile is characterized by comprising a control device, at least one group of battery boxes, an early warning sensor and a fire extinguishing device; the early warning sensor comprises an odor sensor in the battery box and a temperature sensor arranged outside the battery box in the vehicle, the early warning sensor is used for detecting the environmental conditions inside and outside the battery box, the early warning sensor is connected with the control device, and the control device is connected with the fire extinguishing device; when the early warning sensor detects that the environmental condition of the battery box exceeds a preset value, the early warning sensor sends an early warning signal to the control device, and the control device triggers the fire extinguishing device according to early warning information;
the temperature sensor arranged outside the battery box in the vehicle is connected with the control device and transmits a detected temperature signal outside the battery box to the control device;
the early warning sensor further comprises a smoke sensor and/or a temperature sensor which are arranged in the battery box, and when the temperature sensor arranged in the battery box detects that the ambient temperature exceeds a preset value, a sensed over-temperature signal is sent to the control device, and the control device triggers the fire extinguishing device;
when the control device detects that the temperature difference between the received temperature signal outside the battery box and the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature sensor in the battery box exceeds a preset range, an early warning signal is sent out or the fire extinguishing device is triggered to cool the battery pack in the battery box;
when abnormal smell is generated in the battery box, the smell sensor can send out an early warning signal or trigger the fire extinguishing device, and the abnormal smell generated in the battery box is electrolyte leakage;
the fire extinguishing device is internally provided with a fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing device is conveyed to the side of the battery pack through a conveying pipeline, and the conveying pipeline is provided with an electromagnetic valve;
the fire extinguishing device is characterized in that a coolant is stored in the fire extinguishing device, the coolant in the fire extinguishing device is conveyed to the side of the battery pack through a conveying pipeline, and an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the conveying pipeline.
2. The power battery safety device of a new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the control device is further connected to a BMS system of the new energy automobile in a communication manner, and a storage unit is connected to the control device.
3. The power battery safety device of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, further comprising an emergency fire extinguishing button, wherein the emergency fire extinguishing button is connected with the control device and used for directly informing the control device to control the fire extinguishing device to perform environmental cooling treatment.
4. The power battery safety device of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the control device is further in communication connection with a communication unit of the new energy automobile and is used for sending information of abnormal temperature of a battery pack to the communication unit.
CN201611092282.8A 2016-11-29 2016-11-29 New energy automobile power battery safety coefficient Active CN106505268B (en)

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CN107681085B (en) * 2017-11-06 2022-07-19 蔚来(安徽)控股有限公司 Battery replacement station, battery warehouse and control method for battery pack storage device in battery replacement station
CN110270027A (en) * 2019-04-23 2019-09-24 泰州市盛飞液压件有限公司 A kind of new energy bus power battery multi-source detection extinguishing device and control method
CN111509332B (en) * 2019-05-07 2021-08-24 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 Temperature control method for lithium battery module
CN110690530B (en) * 2019-10-14 2021-12-31 东软睿驰汽车技术(沈阳)有限公司 Safety device and power battery
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CN112161712B (en) * 2020-09-29 2023-08-01 上海汽车工业(集团)总公司 All-weather temperature monitoring system of electric automobile
CN112924876A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-08 重庆阿泰可科技股份有限公司 Environmental test equipment suitable for hydrogen fuel new energy automobile engine
CN113694431A (en) * 2021-09-13 2021-11-26 湖南省怀化工业中等专业学校(湖南省怀化工业高级技工学校) Automatic fire extinguishing system for spontaneous combustion of power battery pack in charging process of electric automobile
CN114300769A (en) * 2022-01-04 2022-04-08 深圳芯闻科技有限公司 New energy automobile battery monitoring system with intelligent smell chip function
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