CN106468671A - A kind of transient state liquid crystal is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate - Google Patents
A kind of transient state liquid crystal is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, spy is related to a kind of transient state liquid crystal for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate.The present invention simulates the big flat board of Semi-infinite One-dimensional by the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of low thermal conductivity, gas flow temperature process over time is recorded by thermocouple, wall surface temperature process over time is recorded by CCD camera, finally by the equation of iterative analytic solutions, obtain the convection transfer rate of wall.It is long that the present invention solves the Steady Experimental time, expends the technological deficiencies such as a large amount of manpower and materials, can quickly realize the measurement of the convection transfer rate of wall.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of measuring technique, spy is related to a kind of transient state liquid crystal for measuring the unstable state of convection transfer rate
Measuring method, is especially applicable to the convection transfer rate in the model experiments such as turbine blade internal cooling passage, impinging cooling target surface
Method of testing.
Background technology
In conventional fluid interchange experimentation, using more be Steady Experimental method, such as copper billet heating, thin
All comparative maturities of the applications such as film heating.Because its principle is simple, implements and be easier, so always people obtain
The Main Means of the wall coefficient of heat transfer, but steady method there is also itself inevitable defect.One flowing is changed
For the process of heat, stablizing of flowing is very rapid, and the stable of heat exchange is a slowly process, often needs
Want dozens of minutes even several hours, the experimental period that this allows for steady method is longer, needs to expend substantial amounts of manpower and thing
Power.And some complicated surfaces are difficult to the hot-fluid boundary conditions such as offer.
Measure convection transfer rate compared to Steady Experimental, transient experiment has very big advantage.Its core concept is all
Be using the Transient Heat Transfer process under certain condition analytic solutions (be often expressed as object temperature and time, physical parameter and
The functional relationship of heat transfer characteristic parameter), it is right that the temperature change (i.e. the curve of Temperature-time) obtaining transient process with experiment is carried out
Than, thus the heat transfer characteristic parameter required for obtaining.
Content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of transient state liquid crystal is used for measuring the non-steady of convection transfer rate
State measuring method.The present invention is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate using transient state liquid crystal, and the method is base
In the basic assumption of Semi-infinite One-dimensional massive plate, obtain the analytic solutions of its Unsteady Heat Transfer process by theory analysis.In experiment
During, simulate the big flat board of Semi-infinite One-dimensional by the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of low thermal conductivity, by the thermocouple record therapeutic method to keep the adverse QI flowing downwards
Stream temperature process over time, records wall surface temperature process over time by CCD camera, finally by iteration
Solve the equation of analytic solutions, obtain the convection transfer rate of wall.It is long that the present invention solves the Steady Experimental time, expends a large amount of people
The technological deficiencies such as power material resources, can quickly realize the measurement of the convection transfer rate of wall.
Technical scheme：A kind of transient state liquid crystal is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate,
Including the step that transient state liquid crystal is demarcated and measurement step it is characterised in that：
The described step that transient state liquid crystal is demarcated comprises the steps：
Demarcating steps 1, copper block surface spray pitch-dark, then in pitch-dark surface spraying last layer transient state liquid crystal, make CCD phase
, just to copper block surface, fine setting is added in the voltage on heater strip, after stablizing for a long time, makes at the temperature of copper billet for machine and cold light source
Between 30 DEG C -50 DEG C, temperature value thermocouple records, and takes the photo of now liquid crystal surfactant by CCD camera, obtains liquid crystal
Manifest chromatic value during redness；
Demarcating steps 2, the corresponding relation of temperature value T and chromatic value is fitted to rule-of-thumb relation；
The step of measurement comprises the steps：
Measuring process 1, flow channel surrounding and bottom are by adiabator around setting gradually respectively above flow channel
Pitch-dark, transient state liquid crystal, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, wherein pitch-dark, the thickness of transient state liquid crystal, model are identical with calibration process,
The adiabator setting impact opening of flow channel bottom, setting thermocouple by impact opening, impact opening is connected with source of the gas；And in thermal insulation
, just to lucite plate surface, acquisition system is connected with CCD camera for one stopwatch of material arranged alongside, CCD camera and cold light source,
Acquisition system is used for gathering the process of image data；
Measuring process 2, open acquisition system and data acquisition program, open source of the gas, adjust the flow by impact opening, make
The flow regime of whole system keeps stable, and gas flow temperature passes through thermocouple measurement, and whole system reaches in the state of room temperature
Thermal equilibrium state；Open data acquisition program by thermocouple, gas flow temperature to be acquired；Open CCD camera to transient state liquid crystal
Image is recorded a video；At a time suddenly change gas flow temperature, makes gas flow temperature raise rapidly；LED light synchronously lights,
And temperature data over time is recorded by data acquisition program and thermocouple.
It is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate according to transient state liquid crystal as above, its feature exists
In：In described demarcating steps 1, the thickness of copper billet is 5mm, and the surface area of copper billet is less than 4 square centimeters, described pitch-dark thickness
Degree is less than 20 μm, and described transient state thickness of liquid crystal is less than 5 μm, and described transient state liquid crystal and pitch-dark spraying adopt pneumatic art designing's spray
Pen, nozzle diameter is 0.3mm, by the way of the spraying of described pitch-dark and transient state liquid crystal is using repeatedly spraying, adjacent sprays twice
The spray gun of process moves towards to move towards for perpendicular quadrature.
It is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate according to transient state liquid crystal as above, its feature exists
In：In described measuring process 1, the thickness of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate is 10mm, the surface area one of copper billet in its surface area and calibration process
Cause.
It is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate according to transient state liquid crystal as above, its feature exists
In：Also include the step carrying out data processing, first will be defeated frame by frame for the video record file being gathered in experiment during data processing
Go out for sequence of pictures, picture name is 0.jpeg, 1.jpeg ... ..., n.jpeg are corresponding according to the LED light on photo
Time determines photo sequence number i.jpeg corresponding to heating start time.
It is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate according to transient state liquid crystal as above, its feature exists
In：Also include the step obtaining Experimental Area internal coordinate position, concrete orientation is the experiment in scanned photograph one by one in order
The coordinate (x, y) of pixel and corresponding picture sequence numbers that in region, chromatic value 5≤hue≤10 are located.
It is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate according to transient state liquid crystal as above, its feature exists
In：Also include the step using the equations coefficient of heat transfer, including following two formula
Wherein, n=j-i, Tc(τi) it is the temperature value that the thermocouple of i time gathers；T0For thermocouple during thermal equilibrium state 7
The temperature value of collection；ρ is current density, and c is air-flow specific heat, and λ is air-flow heat conductivity, and this three parameters are constant, permissible
Measurement, β is unknown number.
It is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate according to transient state liquid crystal as above, its feature exists
In：Described β obtains according to formula 3,
Wherein the scope of β is 0≤β ＜ 3.546.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：Compared with the method measuring convection transfer rate with Steady Experimental, the present invention can be very
Time-consuming, the low problem of precision to solve current Steady Experimental in big degree, can complete to surface heat convection system in 60 seconds
The measurement of number, greatly reduces the time of experimenter, has saved experimental expensess simultaneously, reduce experimental cost.Using newton
Solution by iterative method coefficient of heat transfer h, can make the error of the coefficient of heat transfer be less than 0.3%, improve precision and the accuracy of measurement.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the transient state liquid crystal caliberating device schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the layout drawing of the experimentation sample test of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the solution flow chart of β.
Description of reference numerals：CCD camera 1, cold light source 2, transient state liquid crystal 3, pitch-dark 4, copper billet 5, heater strip 6, thermocouple 7,
Impact opening 8, adiabator 9, stopwatch 10, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 11, acquisition system 12, LED light 13.
Specific embodiment
Name Resolution：Transient state liquid crystal be a kind of in certain temperature range, different colours can be manifested at different temperatures
Liquid crystal.
Describe each detailed problem in technical solution of the present invention involved below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in detail.It is to be noted that
Described embodiment is intended merely to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, and does not play any restriction effect to it.
The transient state liquid crystal of the present invention is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, can be used for sheet flow and leads to
The measurement of the convection transfer rate in road, it is possible to use the measurement with the convection transfer rate with arc irregular surface.
This process employs the feature that transient state liquid crystal shows different colours at different temperatures, by the temperature of suddenly change air-flow, make
The liquid crystal obtaining measured surface changes in time, records the change procedure of liquid crystal using image capturing system, by monochrome
The convection current on liquid crystal capturing technology and the measured surface of the acquisition of the solution of inverse problems algorithm based on one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction equation is changed
Hot coefficient.The step of the method is following (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2)：
First, transient state liquid crystal is demarcated, obtain the corresponding relation matching of transient state liquid crystal temperature value T and chromatic value hue
Become rule-of-thumb relation, calibration process comprises the steps：
Demarcating steps 1, in copper billet 5 surface spraying pitch-dark 4, then in pitch-dark surface spraying last layer transient state liquid crystal 3, copper billet
5 thickness chooses 5mm most preferably, and the surface area of copper billet 5 is less than 4 square centimeters, so so that the temperature of whole copper billet is uniform,
Ensure the accurate of demarcation.Pitch-dark 4 thickness is less than 20 μm, and transient state thickness of liquid crystal is less than 5 μm.Transient state liquid crystal 3 and pitch-dark 4 spraying
Using pneumatic Spray pen for art designer, nozzle diameter is 0.3mm.Pitch-dark 4 and the spraying of liquid crystal 3 will be by the way of multiple spraying, phase
The spray gun of adjacent spraying process twice moves towards to move towards for perpendicular quadrature, so can sufficiently ensure pitch-dark 4 and liquid crystal 3 uniform
Property, accurate beneficial to thermometric.CCD camera 1 and cold light source 2 are just to copper block surface.Fine setting is added in the voltage on heater strip 6, through length
Time stable after so that the temperature of whole copper billet 5 is between 30 DEG C -31 DEG C, temperature value T thermocouple 7 records.Now make
In the state of the colour developing of transient state liquid crystal 3 is in redness, take the photo of now liquid crystal surfactant by CCD camera 1, divided by image
Analysis software, obtains liquid crystal and manifests chromatic value (5 during redness<hue<10), wherein hue represents chromatic value.From red as demarcation
Color has following 2 points of advantages, and one is red obvious, is caught beneficial in experimentation, two is that liquid crystal manifests redness
When corresponding temperature minimum, so so that whole experiment process completes under relatively low state of temperature, be conducive to save
About experimental cost.
Demarcating steps 2, the corresponding relation of temperature value T and chromatic value is fitted to rule-of-thumb relation, so that in experimentation
In temperature value T can be gone out according to chromatic value reverse.
Then carry out the non-of flow channel convection transfer rate using the corresponding relation of transient state liquid crystal temperature value T and chromatic value
Steady state measurement, comprises the following steps：
In measuring process 1, the present embodiment, in flow channel surrounding and bottom by adiabator 9 around on flow channel
Side sets gradually pitch-dark 4, transient state liquid crystal 3, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 11, wherein pitch-dark 4, the thickness of transient state liquid crystal 3, model and mark respectively
Identical during fixed, the thickness of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 11 is preferably 10mm, its surface area copper billet 5 preferably and in calibration process
Surface area is consistent, and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 11 requires light transmission good, no color differnece.Adiabator 9 setting impact in flow channel bottom
Hole 8, the other setting thermocouple 7 of impact opening 8, impact opening 8 is connected with source of the gas.
The present invention, using identical spray parameters and number of times with calibration process, by transient state liquid crystal 3, pitch-dark 4 is uniformly sprayed
It is coated in the lower surface of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 11, to guarantee the consistency of thickness with pitch-dark 4 in demarcation, transient state liquid crystal 3.And in heat insulating material
Expect one stopwatch 10 of 9 arranged alongside it is ensured that CCD camera 1 can photograph stopwatch 10, CCD camera 1 and cold light source 2 are just to organic
Glass plate 11 surface, acquisition system 12 is connected with CCD camera 1, and acquisition system 12 is used for gathering the process of image data.
Measuring process 2, open acquisition system 12 and data acquisition program, allow data acquisition program be in the state of monitoring
Under, confirm that experimental facilitiess can be with normal work.Open source of the gas, adjust the flow by impact opening 8, make the flowing shape of whole system
State keeps stable, and gas flow temperature is measured by thermocouple 7, and makes whole system reach thermal balance shape in the state of room temperature
State, that is, the temperature of whole system do not change changing over.
Open data acquisition program by thermocouple 7, gas flow temperature to be acquired；Open CCD camera 1 to transient state liquid crystal 3
Image is recorded a video.At a time suddenly change gas flow temperature, makes gas flow temperature quickly rise to more than 31 DEG C.Display lamp 13
Synchronization lights, and records temperature data T over time by data acquisition program and thermocouple 7c(τi).
With the raising of temperature, the color of whole liquid crystal surfactant 3 can change, complete etc. the liquid crystal color-changing of whole surface
Finish, close data acquisition program, output preserves file.Close CCD camera 1, export video file, experiment completes.
After completing experiment, the convection transfer rate that data processing could obtain liquid crystal surfactant to be carried out.Use first
The video record file that VirtualDub software is gathered in testing is output as sequence of pictures frame by frame, and picture name is
0.jpeg, 1.jpeg ... ..., n.jpeg, determine that heating start time institute is right according to the display lamp 13 corresponding time on photo
Photo sequence number i.jpeg answered.
In order one by one in the Experimental Area in scanned photograph chromatic value 5≤hue≤10 be located pixel coordinate (x,
And corresponding picture sequence numbers j.jpeg y).There are multiple pictures as crossed in the range of 5≤hue≤10, only take first photo disposal.
It is separated by 0.04s due between adjacent two photos, so (j-i) × 0.04 is the time after the heating corresponding to photo, its
Middle j just strides into the numbering of last photo in 5≤hue≤10 interval for chromatic value.Therefore also just obtain Experimental Area
The T of internal coordinate (x, y) positionw(τi).
The data that step 5 to 7 is obtained is brought in following equation, just can be in the hope of convection transfer rate h.
N=j-i in formula 1, Tc(τi) it is the temperature value that the thermocouple 7 of i time gathers；T0For thermoelectricity during thermal equilibrium state
The temperature value of even 7 collections；
Wherein, ρ is current density, and c is air-flow specific heat, and λ is air-flow heat conductivity, and this three parameters are constant, permissible
Measurement.
The h of heat transfer coefficient solves the namely solution to formula (1) and formula (2), but because unknown number β lies in finger
It is impossible to direct solution is out it is necessary to adopt numerical solution in number function and error function.Conventional numerical solution is Newton iteration
Method, but the practical situation solving as needed, if adopting iterative method, amount of calculation is very huge, and restrain also can be more difficult.
It is not a simple mathematical problem in view of solve, but the mathematical procedure of a physical problem, so physics is asked
Topic combines consideration with mathematical problem.Defined function f (β) is as follows：
Unknown number β is the function with regard to coefficient of heat transfer h, and rule of thumb, the scope of the coefficient of heat transfer is 0≤h ＜ 2000.Then by
FormulaUnderstand, the scope of β is 0≤β ＜ 3.546.Therefore it may only be necessary to find in 0～3.546 interval make f (β)
Corresponding β value when minimum.Solver employs enumerative technique, Δ β=0.001.The mistake of the coefficient of heat transfer that method for solving brings
Difference is 0.56w/m2K, error is less than 0.3%, meets the requirement of precision.The flow process of program is as shown in Figure 3.
Can determine convection transfer rate h using theoretical model data processing method proposed by the present invention.
Above-mentioned CCD camera 1 adopts the camera of 24 frames per second；Light source 2 adopts cool white light source；The variable color model of transient state liquid crystal 3
Enclose from 30 DEG C～50 DEG C, the liquid crystal temperature of this scope is relatively low, lucite in experimentation will not be made to occur to soften change
Shape, simultaneously this temperature be slightly above room temperature, can in temperature elevation process variable color rapid, accurate beneficial to experiment measurement.Organic
The thickness of glass plate 11 will between 10mm～20mm, so so that measuring method based on one-dimensional unsteady heat conduction institute
The analytic solutions derived accurately, and then ensure that the degree of accuracy of measurement result.Experimentation will be less than 60 seconds；Gas flow temperature will
It is suddenly increased to more than 30 DEG C, and the heating-up time will be less than 5 seconds, so can reduce real while saving experimental cost
Test measurement error.Display lamp 13 will change synchronization with gas flow temperature.
The above, the only specific embodiment in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and appoints
What be familiar with the people of this technology disclosed herein technical scope in it will be appreciated that the conversion expected or replacement, all should cover
Within the scope of the comprising of the present invention, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the protection domain of claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of transient state liquid crystal is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate,
Including the step that transient state liquid crystal is demarcated and measurement step it is characterised in that：
The described step that transient state liquid crystal is demarcated comprises the steps：
Demarcating steps 1, copper block surface spray pitch-dark, then in pitch-dark surface spraying last layer transient state liquid crystal, make CCD camera and
Just to copper block surface, fine setting is added in the voltage on heater strip to cold light source, after stablizing for a long time, makes the temperature of copper billet be in 30
Between DEG C -50 DEG C, temperature value thermocouple records, and takes the photo of now liquid crystal surfactant by CCD camera, obtains liquid crystal and manifests
Chromatic value when red；
Demarcating steps 2, the corresponding relation of temperature value T and chromatic value is fitted to rule-of-thumb relation；
The step of measurement comprises the steps：
Measuring process 1, flow channel surrounding and bottom are by adiabator around setting gradually black above flow channel respectively
Paint, transient state liquid crystal, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, wherein pitch-dark, the thickness of transient state liquid crystal, model are identical with calibration process, in stream
The adiabator setting impact opening of dynamic channel bottom, setting thermocouple by impact opening, impact opening is connected with source of the gas；And in heat insulating material
, just to lucite plate surface, acquisition system is connected with CCD camera, adopts for material one stopwatch of arranged alongside, CCD camera and cold light source
Collecting system is used for gathering the process of image data；
Measuring process 2, open acquisition system and data acquisition program, open source of the gas, adjust the flow by impact opening, make whole
The flow regime of system keeps stable, and gas flow temperature passes through thermocouple measurement, and it is flat that whole system reaches heat in the state of room temperature
Weighing apparatus state；Open data acquisition program by thermocouple, gas flow temperature to be acquired；Open CCD camera to transient state liquid crystal image
Recorded a video；At a time suddenly change gas flow temperature, makes gas flow temperature raise rapidly；LED light synchronously lights, and leads to
Cross data acquisition program and thermocouple records temperature data over time.
2. transient state liquid crystal according to claim 1 is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, its feature
It is：In described demarcating steps 1, the thickness of copper billet is 5mm, and the surface area of copper billet is less than 4 square centimeters, and described is pitch-dark
Thickness is less than 20 μm, and described transient state thickness of liquid crystal is less than 5 μm, and described transient state liquid crystal and pitch-dark spraying adopt pneumatic art designing
Airbrush, nozzle diameter is 0.3mm, by the way of the spraying of described pitch-dark and transient state liquid crystal is using repeatedly spraying, adjacent sprays twice
The spray gun of painting process moves towards to move towards for perpendicular quadrature.
3. transient state liquid crystal according to claim 1 is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, its feature
It is：In described measuring process 1, the thickness of poly (methyl methacrylate) plate is 10mm, the surface area of copper billet in its surface area and calibration process
Unanimously.
4. the transient state liquid crystal according to claim 1,2 or 3 is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, its
It is characterised by：Also include the step carrying out data processing, the video record file that will be gathered in experiment first during data processing
It is output as sequence of pictures frame by frame, picture name is 0.jpeg, and 1.jpeg ... ..., n.jpeg, according to the LED light on photo
The corresponding time determines photo sequence number i.jpeg corresponding to heating start time.
5. transient state liquid crystal according to claim 4 is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, its feature
It is：Also include the step obtaining Experimental Area internal coordinate position, concrete orientation is the reality in scanned photograph one by one in order
Test the coordinate (x, y) of pixel that in region, chromatic value 5≤hue≤10 are located and corresponding picture sequence numbers.
6. transient state liquid crystal according to claim 5 is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, its feature
It is：Also include the step using the equations coefficient of heat transfer, including following two formula
Wherein, n=j-i, Tc(τi) it is the temperature value that the thermocouple of i time gathers；T0Gather for thermocouple during thermal equilibrium state 7
Temperature value；ρ is current density, and c is air-flow specific heat, and λ is air-flow heat conductivity, and this three parameters are constant, can measure,
β is unknown number.
7. transient state liquid crystal according to claim 6 is used for measuring the measurement of instability method of convection transfer rate, its feature
It is：Described β obtains according to formula 3,
Wherein the scope of β is 0≤β ＜ 3.546.
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| CN111855737A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-30 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Method and system for measuring heat exchange coefficient of planar wind tunnel triggered by electromagnetic suction |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN107153079A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-09-12 | 金华职业技术学院 | A kind of method for measuring film coefficient of heat transfer |
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| CN115372409A (en) * | 2022-08-22 | 2022-11-22 | 中南大学 | Device and method for simultaneously measuring solid-liquid two-phase temperature-change thermal conductivity of phase-change material |
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