CN106468508B - 用于干燥木屑的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于干燥木屑的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN106468508B
CN106468508B CN201610628992.1A CN201610628992A CN106468508B CN 106468508 B CN106468508 B CN 106468508B CN 201610628992 A CN201610628992 A CN 201610628992A CN 106468508 B CN106468508 B CN 106468508B
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格劳克.加斯顿
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于干燥木屑的方法，所述木屑作为原料用于产生气体的反应器(6)，产物气体至少部分地用于块体式热电站(BHKW)，其中，来自块体式热电站的建筑物的空气在干燥仓(3)中加热并干燥所述木屑，并且所述木屑经由第一气密闸(2)到达干燥仓(3)并经由第二气密闸(4)离开干燥仓。根据本发明的装置具有在用于木屑的储库与将产物气体导向块体式热电站的反应器(6)之间的干燥仓(3)。用于木屑的传送机构具有在进入干燥仓(3)时和在离开干燥仓(3)时的气密闸，并且来自块体式热电站的建筑物的热空气管道通向干燥仓，该干燥仓具有至少一个用于已冷却的潮湿空气的出口。

Description

用于干燥木屑的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于干燥木屑(Holzschnitzeln)的方法，所述木屑作为原料用于产生气体的反应器，该反应器的产物气体至少部分地用于块体式热电站(BHKW)。本发明还涉及一种实施以上方法的装置，该装置具有用于木屑的储库，具有反应器和布设于建筑物或壳体中的块体式热电站(Blockheizkraftwerk)BHKW，具有连接各个组件的用于各种介质的传送机构。所述木屑作为正如在同一申请人尚未公开的EP 15158828.8中记载的那样的气体发生器(反应器)的原料，并且所述气体发生器与块体式热电站相结合地运行。供应给这种木材气化反应器的木屑以重量百分比计算并且基于木屑的干重应当具有最高达15％的湿度。
背景技术
因为“生”木屑通常具有35％至50％重量百分比的湿度，所以在现有技术中将其在特定干燥器中的干燥底板
Figure BDA0001068421720000011
上、通常使用与木屑后来应用的能量流(外部能量)无关的能量进行干燥并随后临时储存在一个亦或多个料仓中。这些木屑经由储存过程再次从环境空气中吸收水分(或湿气)，在干燥度方面这是必须要考虑到的。干燥器和料仓需要空间、占用资金且必须维护。
尽管在反应器中释放出大量的热，但是也不能在引入到反应器中期间或之后干燥木材，因为所需的汽化热使反应器中所达到的温度如此剧烈下降，使得不再能够达到为根据布氏平衡(Boudouardschen Gleichgewicht)来产生合成气所需的温度。
作为涉及到在不同设备中的传热和部分涉及到原料干燥的文献，能够列举的是US2013/257 059(用于气化生物物质来发电的紧凑型设备)、DE 43 08 522(用于为干燥设备间接加热空气的空气加热装置)、WO 03/042 520(利用废气余热的干燥)、EP 2 341 229(利用涡轮机废气来干燥燃料)、EP 2 902 738(同上)和DE 10 2014 009 351(以余热辐射能的方式利用余热)。所有这些装置和方法都需要昂贵的设备且干涉了相应的反应器过程，这总是导致具有经常不可控制的副效应的复杂后果。另外，操作和操纵最终有毒且带有有害物质的废气总是令人疑虑的并使得在这种二次利用的情况下通常规定且总是力求的后续清洗变得更复杂和昂贵的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种更简单和更廉价的工艺流程和一种相应的低廉、结实、有关设施技术的装置。
根据本发明，这通过具有在独立权利要求特征部分中列举的特征的方法或装置实现。换言之，该方法在于，在尽可能安置在反应器近前的料仓中给原材料(其在该料仓中根据单位时间供给反应器的量从上向下移动)在下部区域中供应来自中央供热站的排风(Abluft)并且将原材料逆流向上引导穿过料仓。为了补充，但尤其为了起动，可规定，利用外部能量吹入经由热交换器加热的空气。相应的设施技术的构造根据本发明规定，从工艺流程上看，将料仓尽可能直接布设在反应器之前，在设施技术方面优选地在料仓上方，并且将块体式热电站的排风至少部分地通过相应的调节机构控制地以适合的量导入料仓下部区域中并在其上部区域中排出。优选地，原材料流通过尽可能气密的闸，优选地叶轮闸门或类似装置供应给料仓或从料仓取出。
(至少主要)使用的能量因此来自发动机组(Motorblock)的辐射损失和废热，所述能量在发动机组的机壳中或发动机组所安置于的建筑物中发生；因此是类似“免费”的。通过根据本发明的工艺流程，已干燥的木材碎片不再与环境空气形成接触并因此不再吸收水分。成本昂贵的干燥底板和中间料仓完全被省去。
附图说明
接下来借助附图详细说明本发明。附图中：
图1极其示意性地示出了根据本发明的流程图，和
图2示出了各个组件的示意性布局结构。
具体实施方式
如从图1中可知，待气化的原料、即以碎片形式的木材，从料堆、料槽或料仓等经由进料管道1到达气密闸2如叶轮闸门(Zellradschleuse)。所述原料从那里落入或滑入到干燥仓3中，在干燥仓的下端处所述原料再次由气密闸4接收并且必要时经由中间管道5到达原始反应器6。
反应器6以各种不同的实施方式从现有技术中已知并因此在这一点上为了避免繁琐而不详细阐述。只是应当坚持，从反应器6中至少引出产物气体管道7(这在该图示中纯粹示意性地从下部导出来，在许多情况下却从处于进一步上方的区域导出来)，在该产物气体管道7中将产物气体向其它应用地点输送。这时，该应用地点包括至少一个块体式热电站(BHKW)。
根据本发明，因BHKW的热辐射而在建筑物(其中安设BHKW并且BHKW口头上-俗称通常与建筑物等同)中存在比在环境中亦或在BHKW静止时的建筑物中显著更高的温度。根据本发明，可控制的热空气管道8从BHKW，优选地从BHKW的屋顶区域或顶盖区域(其中收集了热空气)通向干燥仓3的下部区域，并且在那里以一个或优选多个喷嘴状开孔汇入到内部。所供应的通过热辐射而在BHKW-建筑物中已加热的热空气在这里用来干燥引入的原料并且也在逆流中加热所述原料，所述热空气(现在载有水分)在干燥仓3的上部区域中经由一个或优选多个提取口和随后通过环形管道等和排气管道9导出。该已冷却且载有水分的空气是无害的并且，任选地在过滤后，被排放到环境中。
通过这种干燥所实现的是，在反应器6中能够轻易地且持久地遵守特别低廉且有利于木材气化的运行状态。已证明特别有利的是，干燥仓3(所述干燥在干燥仓3中发生)和反应器6在空间上布设成彼此尽可能紧挨着，使得到达反应器中的物品即原料(木屑)不仅像迄今已寻求的那样被干燥，而且此外由于该邻近关系而甚至还将热能以等于预热的加热的形式带回到反应器中。关于纯粹示意性的图1，这意味着气密闸4代替中间管道5直接坐落在反应器6的顶部上。由此以特别有利的方式实现了为实现布氏平衡的有利侧所需的能量。
另外已表明，这一点通过使用外部能量也能够至少基本上实现，条件则是如同已然提及的那样，确保空间邻近和还有总是只有在尽快的将来到达反应器(转换器)中的原材料的加热和干燥，因为这起着重要作用，因为由此在最大程度上将用来干燥的能量再次引入到反应器中，并且因此能够使热损失保持较低。对于木材气化的起动过程且对于极端操作状况，可利用优选只是额外的外部能量加热。在此，作为对BHKW的环境空气的替代或补充，空气(环境空气、来自建筑物的排风或废气等)是用热交换器中的外部能量加热的并且优选地从下向上地吹过干燥仓。该设计方案或起动辅助器件在图1中未示出。
图2一方面纯粹示意性地示出了上文阐述的外部加热装置10，另一方面就此示出了一种变型方案，即，已加热的空气(其可来自BHKW的空气、可为外部加热的空气或组合)基本上水平并因而以横流吹过干燥仓3。气密闸2、4是指闸门或旋转滑闸，入口喷嘴或排出口的设计对于知晓本发明的本领域技术人员来说容易实现。这种装置可以在各种安装条件下更好地利用所提供的空间，热学和过程技术上的区别对于知晓本发明的本领域技术人员来说容易判断和考虑。
在这种工艺流程中尽可能好地对干燥仓进行隔热和在大厅中在尽可能温暖的位置、尽可能地靠近反应器来进行安置，对于本领域技术人员来说根据目前的实施方式并不令人惊讶。
应当还要指出的是，在说明书和权利要求中像“大部分”这样的用词对于材料而言是指超过50％重量百分比，优选地超过80％重量百分比和特别优选地超过95％重量百分比；反应器、过滤器、建筑物或装置或非常泛指地物体的“下部区域”是指整个高度的下半部以及尤其指下部的四分之一，“最下部区域”是指最下面的四分之一以及尤其是还指更小的部分；而“中部区域”是指整个高度的中间三分之一。所有这些用词如“上”“下”、“前”、“后”等都具有其众所周知的含义，应用于在其特定位置上的观察对象。
在说明书和权利要求中，“基本上”可限于若在物理学上可行则不仅向下而且还向下、否则仅在有意义的方向从给定的值偏离10％，对于度的信息(角度和温度)因此是指±10°。
附图标记单:
01 进料管道
02 气密闸
03 干燥仓
04 气密闸
05 中间管道
06 反应器
07 产物气体管道
08 热空气管道
09 排气管道
10 外部加热装置
BHKW 块体式热电站

Claims (8)

1.一种用于干燥木屑的方法，所述木屑作为原料用于产生气体的反应器(6)，所述反应器(6)的产物气体至少部分地用于块体式热电站(BHKW)，其特征在于，
将所述木屑经由第一气密闸(2)添加到干燥仓(3)，
在所述块体式热电站所处于的建筑物或壳体与块体式热电站本身之间形成封闭空间，其中所述封闭空间内的环境空气仅通过所述块体式热电站向所述封闭空间的热辐射被加热以得到经加热的空气，
用所述经加热的空气对干燥仓(3)中的木屑进行加热和干燥，
将经干燥的木屑经由第二气密闸(4)从干燥仓(3)中排出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将已加热的空气在下部区域供应给干燥仓(3)并将冷却的潮湿空气在上部区域从干燥仓排出。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，已加热的空气相对于木屑逆流地移动。
4.一种用于干燥木屑的装置，所述木屑作为原料用于产生气体的反应器(6)，所述反应器(6)的产物气体至少部分地用于块体式热电站(BHKW)，该装置具有：
建筑物或壳体，其内布设有所述块体式热电站，其中在所述建筑物或壳体与所述块体式热电站之间形成封闭空间，所述封闭空间内的环境空气仅通过所述块体式热电站向所述封闭空间的热辐射被加热以得到经加热的空气；
用于木屑的储库；
干燥仓(3)，其设置在所述储库和所述反应器(6)之间，所述干燥仓(3)被构造成经由第一气密闸(2)从所述储库接收木屑，并且经由第二气密闸(4)将经干燥的木屑排出到所述反应器(6)；
用于干燥仓(3)的热空气入口，其从所述建筑物或壳体接收所述经加热的空气；和
用于干燥仓(3)的空气出口，其用于排出已冷却的潮湿空气。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，在干燥仓(3)上用于木屑的入口和用于已冷却的潮湿空气的出口布设在干燥仓(3)的上部区域中并且用于木屑的出口和用于已加热的空气的入口布设在干燥仓(3)的下部区域中。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的装置，其特征在于，干燥仓(3)布设在反应器(6)的近旁。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，干燥仓(3)布设在反应器(6)上方。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，干燥仓(3)以第二气密闸(4)坐落在反应器(6)的顶部。
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