CN106468200B - 轻度混合动力电动车辆或与其相关的改进 - Google Patents

轻度混合动力电动车辆或与其相关的改进 Download PDF

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CN106468200B
CN106468200B CN201610653941.4A CN201610653941A CN106468200B CN 106468200 B CN106468200 B CN 106468200B CN 201610653941 A CN201610653941 A CN 201610653941A CN 106468200 B CN106468200 B CN 106468200B
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control system
battery
mhev48v
vehicle
urea
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CN106468200A (zh
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J·瑞特
P·G·布里托
A·奈杜
S·鲁伊斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B60L1/04—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line
    • B60L1/10—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits fed by the power supply line with provision for using different supplies
    • B60L1/12—Methods and devices for control or regulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
    • B60L2240/445—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/54—Energy consumption estimation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/56—Temperature prediction, e.g. for pre-cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/58—Departure time prediction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
    • F01N2590/11—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F01N2610/105—Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/10—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components
    • F01N2900/104—Battery status
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/12—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及轻度混合动力电动车辆或与其相关的改进。提供了用于MHEV内的尿素递送系统的控制系统。控制系统经配置用于从MHEV 48V电池为尿素递送系统的加热提供电功率。

Description

轻度混合动力电动车辆或与其相关的改进
技术领域
本发明涉及轻度混合动力电动车辆(mild hybrid electric vehicle)中的改进或与轻度混合动力电动车辆相关的改进，并且特别地，涉及促进轻度混合动力电动车辆中的选择性的催化还原设备(SCR)的低温性能。
背景技术
排放控制法规要求在从排气尾管排出之前处理内燃机的排气。通常该处理包括微粒水平的下降，并且还有经由尤其在排气流内发现的各种不期望化学物质的SCR的转换。
在SCR内进行的化学反应具有其中它们有效地操作的温度范围。在通常被称为“起燃”温度之下，SCR未有效地操作，这可以导致不可接受水平的一些污染物仍然在排气流内。因此，期望在启动发动机之后SCR尽可能快地达到“起燃”温度，以减轻冷的发动机的影响，与处于正常操作温度下的发动机相比，冷的发动机容易产生较高水平的一些污染物。
SCR使用通过尿素的热分解制备的氨气作为还原催化剂。尿素被储存在车辆内的尿素箱中。在室温下尿素是固体，但是需要以液体形式，以便被热分解为氨气以用于在SCR中。
排气控制法规要求充足的尿素需要在-15℃下发动机启动的20分钟内以其液体的形式是可用的，并且规定的循环排放需要被证实为低达-7℃。为了将尿素提供给SCR，提供包括其中储存尿素的储箱、尿素能够流过其的加热管线、储箱内的加热器和泵的尿素递送系统是已知的。考虑到传统的汽油/柴油车辆的电气系统的能力，已经设置上面所提到的规定，以提供必要的能量来从冻结状态提供充足的液体尿素。
发明内容
本发明就是针对该背景而出现的。
根据本发明，提供了用于MHEV内的尿素递送系统的控制系统，其中控制系统经配置用于从MHEV 48V电池为尿素递送系统的加热提供电功率。
与单独从车辆的12V电气系统将可能的相比，从MHEV 48V电池供应电功率使得能够在加热循环开始之后更快地发生尿素箱融化。这有助于符合排放控制法规，该排放控制法规对在一定的周围温度条件下尿素箱融化的时间有严格要求。
系统可以经配置用于通过供应DCDC转换器，使得来自MHEV 48V的功率能够被馈送到直接将热量提供到尿素递送系统的12V电气系统中，从MHEV 48V电池为尿素递送系统的加热提供电功率。
标准柴油机车辆通常具有12V电气系统，该12V电气系统提供包括加热尿素递送系统中的储箱和/或递送管线的车辆内的一定范围的功能。储箱内的加热器和加热递送管线通常经配置用于在12V处进行操作，并且在向后兼容方面，本发明通过将电压向下转换成与车辆内的现有的电气系统的电压相匹配进行操作是有益的。
控制系统还可以包括电池充电传感器，并且当MHEV 48V电池的电荷的消耗达到预先确定的阈值时，系统可以经配置用于恢复到直接来自12V电气系统的充电。
预先确定的阈值可以被设置为在合理的界限内对应于启动车辆发动机所需的电荷的电平。这确保系统故障保护，并且在MHEV 48V电池中始终有充分的电荷来启动发动机。这确保如果车辆被启动而然后停止同时还是冷的，则能够由电池实现进一步的冷启动。当在与停止/启动技术结合的重载交通中驱动车辆时，这尤为重要。
控制系统独立于车辆发动机是可操作的。特别地，当车辆发动机被关闭且车辆是静止的时，控制系统可以是可操作的。因此，用户可以在启动发动机之前选择激活本发明的控制系统，使得当启动发动机时，尿素以液体的形式是可用的。这可以与其它操作分组到一起以促进在冷的条件下的启动，其它操作诸如挡风玻璃、灯和后视镜的除冰。
当车辆发动机被启动时，控制系统可以经配置用于开始MHEV 48V电池的再充电。如果车辆发动机一启动就开始再充电活动，则这帮助确保MHEV48V电池中始终有充分的电荷来实现进一步的发动机的启动。再充电活动给发动机加负载，并且因此致使发动机更快地变热，因此在发动机的区域中提供额外的热量，从而使得能够更快速地达到催化剂“起燃”温度。
控制系统还可以包括模块，该模块经配置用于记录和预测车辆使用，并且用于相应地设置MHEV 48V电池的阈值电荷电平。车辆使用预测模块可以经配置用于确保当完成车辆旅程时，MHEV 48V电池被充分地充电，以基于关于车辆将进行的下一个旅程的预测而有效地开启下面的旅程。关于车辆将进行的下一个旅程的预测可以包括旅程长度的预测、旅程开始时间的预测和在旅程开始时间时周围温度的预测中的一个或多个。车辆使用预测模块经配置用于确保当完成车辆旅程时，MHEV 48V电池基本上被完全充电。
尿素递送系统包括尿素箱加热器、加热管线和加热尿素喷射器，并且其中控制系统可以经配置用于经由12V电气系统从MHEV 48V电池向尿素箱加热器或尿素递送管线或加热尿素喷射器或上面的任何组合提供电功率。
附图说明
现在将仅以举例的方式且参考附图进一步地且更特别地描述本发明，其中：
图1是体现本发明的MHEV的相关部分的示意图；
图2A至图2C是在具有和不具有48V MHEV电池的放电和充电的情况下尿素和排气温度的可用性的图形表示；
图3A至图3D根据本发明部署控制系统的MHEV中NOx转化率、SCR温度、48V MHEV电池的荷电状态(SOC)和尿素的可用性随着时间变化的进一步的图形表示。
具体实施方式
在图1中，发动机10和48V电机20结合提供轻度混合动力电动车辆(MHEV)的所有需要的功能。完全由具有来源于由48V电机提供的再生制动的能量效率的发动机10提供动力。发动机10由柴油或汽油供电，并且48V电机20由48V电池30供电。该48V MHEV电池是在低温下具有低放电能力的锂离子电池，但是其能够支持12V电力负载。发动机10生成由尤其是SCR12处理的排气。
12V电气系统40包括12V电池42和尿素递送系统41。12V电池42经配置用于为车辆内的各种功能提供电功率，包括向构成尿素递送系统41的一部分且被提供在尿素箱46的内部或与尿素箱46热接触的电加热器44提供12V电能。12V电池42还经配置用于向尿素递送系统41的其它部分(也就是加热尿素管线48和加热尿素喷射器50)提供12V电能。与48V MHEV电池30相比较，12V电池42在低温下具有良好的放电能力。
DCDC转换器22将48V MHEV电池30链接到12V电气系统40。DCDC转换器22向下转换48V MHEV电池30的电压，使得其能够被导入到12V电气系统40中，而不会损害部件中的任一个。
在使用中，尿素递送系统41工作以在尿素箱46中融化冻结的尿素。液体尿素是经由加热尿素管线48提供到加热尿素喷射器50，加热尿素喷射器50将尿素喷射到SCR 12中，在SCR 12中尿素被热分解以产生氨气，然后氨气被用于催化排气中的NOx的选择性催化还原。
图2A至图2C示出在具有和不具有48V MHEV电池的存在的情况下SCR的操作的比较数据。这些图清楚示出本发明的效果。图2A示出起动过程的两个阶段，首先是48V MHEV电池的耗尽，以便为尿素递送系统41的各个方面的加热负责，为电气系统提供电荷，这由48VMHEV电池的荷电状态的降低表示。为了对48V MHEV电池再充电，操作的第二阶段涉及发动机的加负载。
图2B示出液体尿素的可用性随着时间增加。图2B示出与不具有MHEV能力的标准发动机相比，当48V MHEV电池被用于向尿素递送系统供电时，在发动机起动(在这些图中，其发生在T＝0时)之后，在早期时更多的液体尿素是可用的。一旦液体尿素的水平达到阈值和阈值温度，SCR就能够有效地发挥功能，以确保来自车辆的排放遵守法规。
图2C示出排气温度随着时间变化。排气温度越高，包括SCR的排气净化系统的操作越有效。从图2C中清楚地看到，在由图2A的向上倾斜的部分所示的电池充电阶段期间排气温度较高。
图3A至图3D示出使用本发明的控制系统在低温起动期间NOx转化率、SCR温度、电池荷电状态和可使用的尿素可用性随着时间变化。垂直的虚线K和L指示在其处情势改变的时间。从T＝0(当发动机接通时)直到线K是一个阶段，在该阶段期间，经由DCDC转换器使用来自48V MHEV电池的功率以加热尿素递送系统的各个部分。这在图3C中由48V MHEV电池的荷电状态随着时间的减少示出。这是冷启动的事实还从当发动机启动时SCR温度低于冷冻的温度的事实中显而易见。图3D示出尿素的0％是初始可用的，因为尿素是冻结的。然而，在发动机启动不久之后，尿素开始变成可用的，并且可用性快速上升直到在完成电池放电阶段之前可用性达到稳定。
在线K和L之间，当48V MHEV电池再充电时，与正常相比，发动机被加更重的负载。这促进SCR温度的增加，在该阶段期间，为了催化剂“起燃”，SCR温度超过180℃阈值。如将从图3A和图3B显而易见的，NOx转化率的百分比紧密映射到SCR的温度，并且因此，很清楚，为了满足法规目标，在NOx排放方面，提高SCR的温度和融化尿素是高优先级。
在由线L标出的时间点处，电池被完全再充电，可使用的尿素的百分比仍然处于部分通过第一阶段获得的稳定，并且然后NOx转化率和SCR温度在100％NOx转化率的区域中是振荡的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于轻度混合动力电动车辆即MHEV内的尿素递送系统的控制系统，所述控制系统包括：MHEV 48V电池、用于直接向所述尿素递送系统提供热的12V电气系统、用于将来自所述MHEV 48V电池的功率馈送到所述12V电气系统的DCDC转换器以及用于监测所述MHEV48V电池的电荷消耗状态的电池充电传感器，其中所述控制系统经配置用于从所述MHEV48V电池通过所述DCDC转换器到所述12V电气系统为所述尿素递送系统的加热提供电功率，并且还经配置当所述电池充电传感器确定所述MHEV 48V电池的电荷的消耗达到预先确定的阈值时，恢复直接从所述12V电气系统为所述尿素递送系统的加热提供电动率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控制系统，其中所述控制系统独立于车辆发动机是可操作的。
3.根据权利要求2所述的控制系统，其中当所述车辆发动机被关闭且所述车辆是静止的时，所述控制系统是可操作的。
4.根据权利要求3所述的控制系统，其中当所述车辆发动机被启动时，所述控制系统经配置用于开始所述MHEV 48V电池的再充电。
5.根据权利要求4所述的控制系统，其中所述控制系统还包括模块，所述模块经配置用于记录和预测车辆使用，并且用于相应地设置所述MHEV48V电池的阈值电荷电平。
6.根据权利要求5所述的控制系统，其中车辆使用预测模块经配置用于确保当完成车辆旅程时所述MHEV 48V电池被充分地充电，以基于关于所述车辆将进行的下一个旅程的预测而有效地开启下面的旅程。
7.根据权利要求6所述的控制系统，其中所述关于所述车辆将进行的下一个旅程的预测包括旅程长度的预测、旅程开始时间的预测和在旅程开始时间时周围温度的预测中的一个或多个。
8.根据权利要求6所述的控制系统，其中所述车辆使用预测模块经配置用于确保当完成所述车辆旅程时，所述MHEV 48V电池实质上被完全充电。
9.根据权利要求1到8中任一项所述的控制系统，其中所述尿素递送系统包括尿素箱加热器和加热管线，并且其中所述控制系统经配置用于经由所述12V电气系统从所述MHEV48V电池向所述尿素箱加热器提供电功率。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制系统，其中所述控制系统经配置用于经由所述12V电气系统从所述MHEV 48V电池向尿素递送管线提供电功率。
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