CN106461318A - 输送和液化气体的方法和装置 - Google Patents

输送和液化气体的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN106461318A
CN106461318A CN201580020668.5A CN201580020668A CN106461318A CN 106461318 A CN106461318 A CN 106461318A CN 201580020668 A CN201580020668 A CN 201580020668A CN 106461318 A CN106461318 A CN 106461318A
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劳伦特·贝诺伊特
安娜·托雷斯-曼西利亚
埃米琳·德鲁埃
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French Gdf Suez Group
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于从生产点向使用点输送气体的方法。所述方法包括：液化所述气体的步骤，其中所述气体冷却至比热交换单元(10)中用于液化所述气体的温度更低的温度；和将液化气体输送至使用点的步骤。所述方法的特征在于，所述热交换单元(10)处于所述生产点附近，并且特征在于来自预先存储于所述热交换单元(10)附近的罐中的介质(5)的冷能用于所述热交换单元(10)中的冷却。

Description

输送和液化气体的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及在对气体，例如，主要含甲烷的气体进行液化之后输送所述气体的方法。本发明还涉及实施所述方法的装置。
背景技术
气体液化装置基本上旨在使所述物质在未加压或低压下通过罐可运输。很常见的是，它们由低堵塞限制(congestion constraint)的大型固定装置构成。例如，它们发现于GNL运输船运输天然气的码头。所述液化天然气(gaz naturel liquéfié)处于-160℃的范围内的温度下，并在高度绝缘的罐中运输。所述液化通过包括气体压缩、冷却和膨胀阶段的热力学循环实现。文献EP 0818661B1显示了允许产生旨在用于特别是天然气的冷能(冷冻千卡，frigories)的液化装置的实例。冷冻流体用于闭合回路中以传送所述冷能。
由于能源价格的上升，利用小型气体源变得越发引起人们的兴趣。例如，农业农场越来越频繁地配备将农场有机垃圾转化成主要包含甲烷的沼气的厌氧消化器。生活垃圾场也构成了沼气的重要来源。天然气网络的利用也需要实施能够价格稳定的气体净化。其它气体也以少量进行当地生产，并值得以经济的方式进行收集。一旦所述气体液化，则它可以在不加压或低压下在罐中运输。
尽管如此，已知的液化装置的大小和成本不适合于这些来源的处理。另外，这些来源中有些是间歇性的并不太适合于持续液化装置。
本发明的目的是提供一种输送方法以及适于实施所述方法的装置，其适用于小规模或间歇性来源。
发明内容
纵览这些目的，本发明的目的是一种用于从生产点输送气体至使用点的方法，所述方法包括：
·气体液化步骤，其中所述气体冷却至低于热交换单元中的所述气体的液化温度的温度，
·将液化的气体输送到所述使用点的步骤，
特征在于，
所述热交换单元靠近所述生产点并且来自预先存储于靠近所述热交换单元的罐中的介质的冷能(冷冻千卡，frigories)用于所述热交换单元中的冷却。
因此，本发明提供了一种用于以非常紧凑的方式液化所述气体的方法。事实上，根据现有技术的装置的最大部分是制冷部(cold production portion)。对于本发明，冷冻是由所述满足储存所需的介质产生。液体或固体介质的制备发生于另一装置。另外，当所述介质的制备介入包括冷能释放的工业过程时，所述介质的这种制备不会导致任何适当的能源费用，或仍然仅仅是以最低限度的方式。因此，对环境的影响降低。对于罐，是指能够盛装所述介质的刚性或柔性设备。不言而喻，提供罐的显著绝缘而避免所述冷能分散是令人关注的。
所述气体输送方法能够适用于所有的气体，但优选可燃性气体，如甲烷或氢气。
例如，所述介质是液体形式的空气或氮。这种介质操作起来不是很危险，因为泄漏不会引起任何环境后果。此外，所述介质随处可用。一旦使用所述介质，它可以在大气中释放，而没有任何后果。此外，通过氮气在大气压下的膨胀所达到的温度水平允许直接实现甲烷液化。
所述介质也可以是液体或固体形式的二氧化碳，或所述两相的混合物。
具体而言，所述液化步骤包括至少一个在热交换单元中在待液化的气体和介质之间的直接热交换步骤。这种类型的交换允许具有最紧凑的装置。例如，所述交换可以发生于采用逆流流体的板式交换器中。这种交换器非常紧凑。
优选所述介质在远离所述热交换单元的装置中制备以液化或固化并随后通过运载工具(vehicle)装载和运输至气体生产点。这种其它装置可以是大尺寸的，并大量生产所述介质，这些介质随后细分用于根据本发明的多个装置。这种其它装置的大尺寸允许优化所述介质生产的成本和效率。甚至有可能的是，所述其它装置在致力于其他需要的过程中以边际方式产生制冷。
所述介质利用来自独立于本方法的冷源(cold source)，例如，来自液化天然气再气化装置(liquefied natural gas regasification plant)的冷能进行制备。在由GNL运输工具运输后，所述液化天然气通过加热再气化，才能以气态形式注入天然气网络中。这种装置是一种很容易利用而制备根据本发明的所述方法的介质并且无需任何附加能源消耗的相当重要的冷源。
更一般而言，所述介质通过所述冷源和所述介质之间冷能的直接热交换进行制备，所述冷源可以是如前的液化天然气(gaz naturel liquéfié)(GNL)再气化装置。可替换地，“热”源可以，例如，通过使用热泵间接使用而产生冷能。为此目的，所述介质制备单元连接至GNL再气化装置而用于生产所述介质的冷能在所述GNL的再气化期间产生。
根据一种改进，所述气体在所述液化步骤之前进行纯化。之后，所述气体可以直接利用于所述天然气的预期应用中。例如，所述纯化可以通过其中有可能分离出比甲烷更重的组分，如硫化物或盐酸和水的组分的蒸馏塔而获得。所述纯化也可以基于通过催化剂的吸附和/或吸收的原理。
根据一种改进，所述介质，例如，利用所述液化气体在其在使用点使用期间的再气化产生的冷能制备。
本发明的另一个目的是一种气体液化装置，其特征在于它包括其中输入气体冷却至比所述气体液化温度更低的温度并以液体形式输出的热交换单元，至少一个旨在接收介质的罐，和将所述罐连接至所述热交换单元而将所述介质输送至所述热交换单元以便实施如前所描述的方法的管道。
根据一个具体的设计，所述装置包括至少一个其上安装有所述介质罐和/或进一步的液化气体罐的运载工具。同一运载工具可以递送所述介质，并回载液化气体，这允许优化输送。所述装置还可以包括另一旨在能够输送所述液化装置的运载工具。这些运载工具适用于河流、公路、铁路和航空运输。
根据一种改进，纯化单元置于所述热交换单元的上游而用纯化的气体供给所述热交换单元。
附图说明
一旦阅读以下参照附图的描述，本发明将更好地被理解而其他特征和优点将显而易见，其中图1是根据本发明的方法的图示。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的气体液化方法示意性地示于图1中。在所呈现的实施例中，存在液化装置1、GNL终端2和液化气体用户设施3。
在所述液化装置1中，接收至少一种气体源4，例如通过甲烷化设施或生活垃圾场产生的气体。根据本实施例，所述气体基本上由甲烷构成。然而，这种气体有可能是除了甲烷之外的其它气态化合物的混合物，如复合烃(乙烷、丁烷)。
此外，所述液化装置1接收液体形式的介质5，如液态空气或液态氮。所述介质可以由液体、固体或两相(气体和液体)形式的二氧化碳代替。在所述液化装置1中，所述源4的气体通过冷却至比所述气体在热交换单元10中的液化温度更低的温度而被液化。例如，所述热交换单元10是一方面接收所述源的气体另一方面接收液体形式的所述介质5的板式热交换器。例如，所述介质5由运载工具输送，所述运载工具诸如卡车6，包括用于低温流体的热绝缘移动罐(mobile tank)60，所述低温流体在使用期间保持储存于其中，或者由此转运在所述液化装置1的固定罐11中。因此，所述运载工具可以是铁路货车、驳船或轮船。例如，所述交换器是逆流交换器，其中所述介质5在大气压汽化。所述汽化的介质5释放于大气中。所述热交换可以通过几个阶段发生，可能具有所述源的气体的第一压缩，允许在比所述大气压下更低的温度下获得液化。所述液化单元还包括为了促进气体冷却和辅助所述流体循环的辅助装置，如泵、调压器和/或压缩机、阀门。所述辅助装置本身是本领域技术人员所熟知的。
所述液化单元可以进一步包括允许在冷却之前或之后调节所述气体温度的预冷却或后冷却单元。
在液化后，所述液化的气体7进行存储并随后在绝热罐中运输。这可以是此前运输所述介质5的同一移动罐60或者是不同的罐。所述液化的气体7输送到所述液化气体用户设施3，例如锅炉房、运载工具服务站、天然气网络中的罐或注入点。
所述介质5在冷能易于利用的制备装置13中制备。几种类型的制备装置都是可能的。在所述图中所示的实例中，它由GNL终端2的液化天然气再气化装置构成，其中所述天然气以液化形式(GNL)递送并在注入用于分配其的管路网络中之前气化。在这个位置上，所述GNL终端产生大量未使用的冷能。这就有可能低廉地使用这些冷能液化空气或大气中或生产二氧化碳的工业装置中收集的二氧化碳，以便制备所述介质5。所述氮气可能根据已知的工艺方法与氧分离而仅仅保存所述氮气作为介质5。因此，所述介质5在远离所述热交换单元10的装置中液化。首先，它在那里存储于中间罐中，随后它将在所述运载工具的移动罐60中转运。因此，所述制备装置可以是专用于介质制备的液化装置，但进料根据本发明的几个液化装置1，因此其尺寸可能是大的，从而克服小型化或堵塞的限制。有利的是，这种制备装置可以移植以便利用冷能源或过剩能量。例如，所述过剩能源可以是其准时生产超出瞬时需求的可再生能源。
有利的是，所述介质5制备装置经过设置而将所述可利用的冷能直接传送至所述介质，与包括热源的介质制备设施形成对此，后者随后转换成间接冷源。
在所述液化装置1的水平上，根据所述气体源4的性质，提供了置于所述热交换单元10上游的纯化单元12从而用纯化气体供给所述热交换单元10。这种纯化单元12旨在干燥所述气体并消除比甲烷更重的痕量烃以及诸如硫化物或酸的其它化合物。所述纯化单元12，正如本领域技术人员已知的，可以基于通过催化剂的吸附和/或吸收原理。
在没有任何制冷单元的情况下，所述液化装置是足够紧凑而能够安装于运载工具上的，因为所述冷却已经在除了所述液化装置1之外的其他地方产生。有可能的是，所述纯化单元12是第二运载工具。操作所述液化装置所需的辅助能量(泵，控制)可以通过电网络提供或直接由所述运载工具本身的发动机的机械或电形式提供或通过专用的内燃机提供。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于从生产点输送气体至使用点的方法，所述方法包括：
·气体液化步骤，其中将所述气体冷却至低于热交换单元(10)中的所述气体的液化温度的温度，
·将液化气体输送至所述使用点的步骤，
其特征在于，
所述热交换单元(10)靠近所述生产点并且来自预先存储于邻近所述热交换单元(10)的罐中的介质(5)的冷能用于所述热交换单元(10)中的冷却。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述介质(5)是液体形式的空气或氮。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述介质(5)是液体或固体形式的二氧化碳或上述两相的混合物。
4.根据权利要求2或3任一项所述的方法，据其所述的液化步骤包括在所述热交换单元(10)中在待液化的所述气体和所述介质(5)之间的至少一个直接热交换步骤。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，据其所述的介质(5)在远离所述热交换单元(10)的介质制备单元(13)中制备并随后通过运载工具装载和运输至气体生产点。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，据其所述的气体在液化步骤之前进行纯化。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，据其所述的介质(5)利用来自独立于所述方法的冷源的冷能进行制备。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，据其所述的介质(5)通过来自所述冷源的冷能向所述介质(5)的直接热交换而制备。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，据其所述的介质(5)制备单元连接至液化天然气再气化装置(13)而用于生产所述介质的冷能在液化天然气的再气化期间产生。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，据其所述的介质(5)利用所述液化气体在其于所述使用点使用期间的再气化产生的冷能进行制备。
11.根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中输送的气体主要由甲烷构成。
12.一种气体液化装置，其特征在于它包括：
·热交换单元(10)，其中输入气体冷却至比所述气体的液化温度更低的温度并以液体形式输出，
·至少一个用于接收介质(5)的罐，以及
·将所述罐连接至所述热交换单元(10)从而将所述介质(5)输送至所述热交换单元(10)以执行根据权利要求1至8任一项所述的方法的管道。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于它包括至少一个其上安装有介质罐和/或进一步的液化气体罐的运载工具。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置，其特征在于所述热交换单元(10)安装于运载工具上。
15.根据权利要求13所述的装置，包括通过可移动壁分隔而形成所述介质罐和所述液化气体罐的单一罐。
16.根据权利要求12至15任一项所述的装置，其中纯化单元(12)置于所述热交换单元(10)的上游从而用纯化的气体供给所述热交换单元(10)。
17.根据权利要求13至16任一项所述的装置，其特征在于所述运载工具适于河流、公路、铁路和航空运输。
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