CN106460579A - 用于内燃机的液压阀 - Google Patents

用于内燃机的液压阀 Download PDF

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CN106460579A
CN106460579A CN201480078547.1A CN201480078547A CN106460579A CN 106460579 A CN106460579 A CN 106460579A CN 201480078547 A CN201480078547 A CN 201480078547A CN 106460579 A CN106460579 A CN 106460579A
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valve element
valves
hydraulic
check
valve
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CN106460579B (zh
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科尼斯·J·帕克
约翰·斯奈德
布莱恩·萨普
伍德·迪得里希
莫里萨·梅·克尼西
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Hilite Germany GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/10Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic
    • F01L9/11Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column
    • F01L9/12Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column with a liquid chamber between a piston actuated by a cam and a piston acting on a valve stem
    • F01L9/14Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column with a liquid chamber between a piston actuated by a cam and a piston acting on a valve stem the volume of the chamber being variable, e.g. for varying the lift or the timing of a valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02Valve drive
    • F01L1/04Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K11/00Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves
    • F16K11/02Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit
    • F16K11/06Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements
    • F16K11/065Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members
    • F16K11/07Multiple-way valves, e.g. mixing valves; Pipe fittings incorporating such valves with all movable sealing faces moving as one unit comprising only sliding valves, i.e. sliding closure elements with linearly sliding closure members with cylindrical slides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00Check valves
    • F16K15/14Check valves with flexible valve members
    • F16K15/141Check valves with flexible valve members the closure elements not being fixed to the valve body
    • F16K15/142Check valves with flexible valve members the closure elements not being fixed to the valve body the closure elements being shaped as solids of revolution, e.g. toroidal or cylindrical rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00Check valves
    • F16K15/18Check valves with actuating mechanism; Combined check valves and actuated valves
    • F16K15/182Check valves with actuating mechanism; Combined check valves and actuated valves with actuating mechanism
    • F16K15/1825Check valves with actuating mechanism; Combined check valves and actuated valves with actuating mechanism for check valves with flexible valve members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426Oil control valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426Oil control valves
    • F01L2001/34433Location oil control valves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)

Abstract

在一种包括阀芯、一个或者多个带状的止回阀和包围它们的螺纹件或者凸鼻的液压阀中,所述止回阀可能被压缩至过度磨损或者故障并且阻碍阀芯移动。所提到的问题通过按照本发明的、用于内燃机的凸轮相位器的液压阀来解决。所述液压阀包括空心的螺纹件或凸鼻、止回阀和布置在螺纹件内部、同时仍能够在螺纹件内部轴向地移动的阀芯。所述螺纹件和阀芯构造成根据阀芯的平移位移在阀芯和凸轮相位器之间提供流体通道。此外,所述阀芯构造成允许油流过流体通道,但限制带状止回阀的压缩。

Description

用于内燃机的液压阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压阀,并且特别是涉及一种用于内燃机中的可变凸轮轴定时的油控制阀。
背景技术
在内燃机(ICE)的领域中,改变阀门行程情况的定时的技术通常被称为可变阀门定时(VVT)。这种设计的使用在本领域中是已知的,以便尤其是改进该设计所应用的内燃机的性能、燃料经济性或减少排放。特别是在汽车工业中,越来越严格的环境法规使得无数制造商改变其发动机的进气阀和排气阀的相对定时、持续时间或打开方式。
在本领域技术人员已知的可变阀门定时的几种方法中,所谓的凸轮相位允许改变凸轮轴和气门的周期性运动的相位。为此,凸轮轴相对于曲轴旋转。当与固定的凸轮轴相比时,凸轮相位不仅使得内燃机能够输送高功率,而且还能够以低功率易行地并且有效地工作。
用于凸轮相位的常规装置包括被称为油控制阀(OCV)的电子控制液压阀。液压阀在插装结构中被设计为多端口、多位置的阀门。设计为带状环的单向止回阀插入到凸鼻或中心螺纹件的内部。通过这些单向止回阀,凸轮轴交变扭矩被用于更快速地并且以相对低的油压来辅助凸轮轴调节。为此,打开止回阀以便将压力峰值用作凸轮轴交变扭矩的结果并覆盖开口以防止到低压端口中的回流。
在典型的实施方式中,动力系统控制模块(PCM)可以将信号传输给相关联的电磁线圈以便移动液压阀的阀芯,从而调节油到腔的流动。这允许凸轮轴从其初始定向稍微旋转,以便提前或延迟所得到的定时。除了其它标准之外,动力系统控制模块可以根据发动机上的当前负载或其旋转频率来控制凸轮轴定时。
在这种情况下的常见问题是在工作条件下压缩上述带状止回阀的趋势。这种行为可能导致阀门材料应力过度至断裂点。此外,即使以阀芯的运动轻微干扰经压缩的止回阀也可能不利地影响整个凸轮定时的精度或者导致止回阀磨损。在极端情况下,存在止回阀逐渐移出其指定的容器的风险。
发明内容
所提到的问题通过按照本发明的液压阀来解决,该液压阀包括一个或者多个用于内燃机的凸轮相位器的带状的止回阀。液压阀包括空心的螺纹件、止回阀和布置在螺纹件内部、同时仍能够在螺纹件内轴向移动的阀芯。螺纹件和阀芯构造成根据阀芯的平移位移在阀芯和凸轮相位器之间提供流体通道。此外,阀芯构造成限制止回阀的压缩。
所提出的设计限制了止回阀的压缩,因此减少了由过度压缩带来的负面影响。本发明的其它优点可以由权利要求、说明书和附图得出。
附图说明
图1是按照本发明的第一实施例的用于液压阀的阀芯的视图;
图2是按照第一实施例的液压阀的横截面图,阀芯处于中间位置;
图3是液压阀的横截面图,阀芯处于其最左侧位置;
图4是液压阀的横截面图,阀芯处于其最右位置;
图5是按照本发明的第二实施例的用于液压阀的阀芯的视图;
图6是按照本发明的第三实施例的用于液压阀的阀芯的视图;
图7是按照本发明的第四实施例的液压阀的横截面图;
图8是按照本发明第五实施例的用于液压阀的阀芯的视图;
图9是按照本发明的第六实施例的用于液压阀的插装机构的第一视图;
图10是插装机构的第二视图;
图11是按照第六实施例的液压阀的第一横截面图;
图12是液压阀的第二横截面图;
图13是按照本发明的第七实施例的液压阀的局部视图;
图14是按照本发明的第八实施例的液压阀的横截面图;
图15在垂直于其纵向轴线的横截面中示出了按照图13的液压阀;
相似的附图标记在所有附图中一致地表示相应的特征。
具体实施方式
图1的透视图示出了按照本发明的第一实施例的、用于与液压阀10一起使用的阀芯14。这种液压阀10又能适当地与内燃机(未示出)的凸轮相位器(未示出)一起使用。
图2是液压阀10整体的横截面。如图所示,液压阀10基本上包括空心的螺纹件或凸鼻(snout)12和同轴地设置在螺纹件12内部的阀芯14。螺纹件12具有形成用于止回阀18的阀座的凹形槽(recessed pocket)。止回阀允许流入到螺纹件中但限制流出。在此,螺纹件12和阀芯14这样构造,使得阀芯14在仍然能够轴向移动时基本上保持在螺纹件12内部。螺纹件12和阀芯14的相对几何形状因此允许阀芯14在螺纹件12内的一定程度的平移位移。
根据该平移位移,螺纹件12和阀芯14可以对齐以用于在阀芯14和凸轮相位器之间提供流体通道。为此,阀芯14的外表面13提供多个周边凸台(peripheral land)15,所述周边凸台特别是构造成与螺纹件12的内表面11接合。特别是,凸台15这样被定位和间隔开,使得所述通道可以响应于阀芯14的特定的平移位移而被闭锁或解锁。
如图1所示,在阀芯14的外表面13中形成有多个环形凹槽16。这些凹槽16围绕阀芯14和螺纹件12的一致的纵向轴线布置。应当理解的是,虽然该图示出了凹槽16的等角布置,但是凹槽16可以以不均匀的方式间隔开。每个凹槽16在两个相邻的凸台15之间轴向延伸,双向地通入到阀芯14的直径减小部段17中,该直径减小部段在其外表面13中靠近相应的凸台15。
图2、图3和图4示出了阀芯14的三个不同位置,每个位置与相对于围绕的螺纹件12的特定的平移位移相对应。在图2的中间位置中,阀芯凸台13和15与内径11的螺纹件凸台对齐,阻止阀芯内的流动。在图3和图4中,阀芯的位置直接导致改变相位角。阀芯凸台的轴向位置计量流量。阀芯中的凹槽允许流动,同时限制止回阀的压缩。
从图2可以明显看出,阀芯可以将液压流体从压力供给端口P分配给第一工作端口A和/或第二工作端口B。如果液压流体流向第一工作端口A,则来自第二工作端口B1的液压流体允许再循环到A。与此相反,当油从压力供给端口P流向第二工作端口B时,允许第一工作端口A1再循环到B。当弹簧将阀芯推动到其静止位置时,允许端口A通过小的油箱端口31排出(参见图1和图4)。
图5的透视图示出了按照本发明的第二实施例的用于液压阀的阀芯24,在该第二实施例中,第一实施例的凹槽16由九个嵌钉(stud)或盲孔26替代,所述嵌钉或者盲孔形成三个钻入到阀芯24的外表面23中的环形物(annuli)。在这里,每个环形物包括三个围绕阀芯24的纵向轴线布置的盲孔26。应当理解,虽然图中示出了盲孔26的等角布置,但是盲孔26可以以不均匀的方式间隔开。
在图6中示出的按照第三实施例的用于液压阀的阀芯34的情况下采用类似的修改。在这种情况下,三个平面36的三个环形物被铣削或打磨到外表面33中,本质上实现与所述第一实施例的凹槽16和第二实施例的盲孔26相同的目的。
图7的横截面图示出了本发明的第四实施例,其可以被认为是第一实施例的变型。在这里,同样在阀芯44的外表面43中形成多个凹槽46。然而,除了阀芯44和螺纹件42之外,液压阀40包括总共六个电子夹片48,这些电子夹片保持在凹槽46中,以用于限制止回阀的压缩,同时允许穿过电子夹片(e-clip)的流动。
第一实施例的备选方案可以由图8得出,其透视图示出了通过外部的注塑包封部(overmold)58覆盖阀芯54的内部特征的方式。
图9至图12分别涉及本发明的第六实施例。按照该实施例的液压阀60的特征在于用于保持阀芯64的、基本上管状的插装机构68,所述插装机构68依次布置在螺纹件62内部。止回阀63围绕插装机构放置在螺纹件内。止回阀的压缩被限制到插装机构的外径上。因此,当被移动时,阀芯64有效地在插装机构68的内部滑移,所述插装机构形成分离止回阀63和阀芯64的物理屏障。
由于其相当复杂的几何形状,图9和图10示出了插装机构68的从不同的角度看的两个视图。类似地,图11和图12提供了在两个正交平面中的整个液压阀60的横截面图用以阐明其设计。
图13是按照第七实施例的液压阀70的局部视图。除了螺纹件72和阀芯74之外,该液压阀70包括三个或更多个安装在螺纹件72内部的圆周止动件79,每个止动件79朝向阀芯74的纵向轴线突出以用于限制止回阀75的压缩。优选地,止动件79构造成防止阀芯74与止回阀75的任何接触。止动件79是无头螺钉,其拧入到螺纹件72中的径向螺纹孔中。止动件79的内端部的形状类似于朝向阀芯74的纵向轴线突出的销102。
图15示出了液压阀70的正交横截面图。只要止回阀75关闭了建立供给端口P的孔,那么该供给端口就覆盖该孔。在这种状态下,带状的止回阀75的直径为最大。在圆周位置中,带状止回阀75的端面105、106与间隙101、103相对于销102间隔开。如果所述其中一个端面105/106移动靠近销102,则在所述另一个端面106/105和销102之间的间隙101/103增加。如果供给端口P上的液压导致止回阀75的直径减小,则间隙101/103也减小。如果两个端面105/106接触销102,则带状止回阀75的直径不再减小。因此,带状止回阀不能接触阀芯74。
图14最后示出了限制止回阀85过度压缩的完全不同的方法。在本发明的第八实施例中,阀芯84是空心的并且具有基本上连续的外表面83,其中形成有多个端口89。因此,流体通道包括端口89,每个端口通向在阀芯84内部形成的内腔,以便允许诸如油的液压流体穿过阀芯84及其端口89流向凸轮相位器。该设计限制了与凸轮轴相位器接合的两个外部止回阀的压缩。由于油在阀芯内流动,因此在止回阀下方的阀芯不需要特殊的特征。中心止回阀可以压缩到较小的阀芯直径,然而阀芯凸台86在任何阀芯位置中不在止回阀下方行进。
关于在此结合图2至图4、图7、图11、图12和图14提及的单向止回阀(即,附图标记18、63),在每种情况下,止回阀可以如美国专利文件NO.7600531(其通过引用整体并入本文)所提供的那样,其中止回阀是重叠的金属(优选钢)弹簧带,其是连续的并且没有开口。当螺纹件外部的压力大于螺纹件内部的压力时,该带压缩,并且当螺纹件内部的压力大于螺纹件外部时,该带伸展。在图13和图15中所示的止回阀75可以作为大致相同的止回阀提供,但是在其端面105、106之间具有缝隙(即间隙),而不是重叠的端部。
应当理解,本发明不限于上述实施例,而是包括在权利要求的范围内的任何和所有实施例。
按照本发明的液压阀10、40、60、70、80可以有利地应用于汽车工业中。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于内燃机的凸轮相位器的液压阀,其包括:
空心的螺纹件或者凸鼻;
布置在螺纹件内部的并且能够在螺纹件内部轴向地移动的阀芯;和
多个径向地插入到所述阀芯和所述螺纹件之间的带状的止回阀,
所述螺纹件、阀芯和止回阀构造成根据阀芯的平移位移在阀芯和凸轮相位器之间提供流体通道,
其中,所述阀芯进一步构造成允许油流过所述流体通道,但限制带状止回阀的压缩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯具有限制止回阀压缩的外表面,并且在外表面中形成允许流动的凹槽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液压阀,其中,所述螺纹件具有内表面,并且其中,所述阀芯具有构造成与内表面接合的周边凸台,从而根据平移位移闭锁所述流体通道。
4.根据权利要求3所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯的凹槽在两个凸台之间轴向地延伸。
5.根据权利要求4所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯的外表面在所述凸台之间提供直径减小部段,并且其中,所述凹槽双向地通入到所述直径减小部段中。
6.根据权利要求2所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯的凹槽是多个关于阀芯的纵向轴线等角地布置的环形凹槽中的一个环形凹槽。
7.根据权利要求2所述的液压阀,其还包括安装在所述凹槽中的、用以限制所述止回阀的压缩的电子夹片。
8.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯具有用于限制止回阀的压缩的外表面,并且在所述外表面中形成用于允许湍流的盲孔。
9.根据权利要求8所述的液压阀,其中,所述盲孔是关于所述阀芯的纵向轴线等角地布置的三个环形盲孔中的一个环形盲孔。
10.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯具有用于限制止回阀的压缩的外表面,并且在所述外表面中形成用于允许湍流的平面。
11.根据权利要求10所述的液压阀,其中,所述平面是关于所述阀芯的纵向轴线等角地布置的三个环形平面中的一个环形平面。
12.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯包括外部的注塑包封部。
13.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其进一步包括用于保持阀芯的基本上管状的插装机构,其中,所述插装机构布置在螺纹件内部以便限制止回阀的压缩。
14.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其进一步包括安装在所述螺纹件内部的径向止动件,所述止动件朝向所述阀芯的纵向轴线突出以便限制所述止回阀的压缩。
15.根据权利要求14所述的液压阀,其中,所述止回阀设置在靠近所述阀芯的端部的螺纹件上,并且其中,所述止动件构造成防止所述阀芯接触所述止回阀。
16.根据权利要求14所述的液压阀,其中,所述止动件包括拧入到螺纹件中的螺纹孔中的无头螺钉。
17.根据权利要求1所述的液压阀,其中,所述阀芯是空心的并且具有基本上连续的外表面,在该外表面中形成有端口,使得流体通道包括所述端口。
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