CN106459793A - 生物燃料组合物 - Google Patents

生物燃料组合物 Download PDF

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CN106459793A
CN106459793A CN201480078987.7A CN201480078987A CN106459793A CN 106459793 A CN106459793 A CN 106459793A CN 201480078987 A CN201480078987 A CN 201480078987A CN 106459793 A CN106459793 A CN 106459793A
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叶夫根尼·瓦连京诺维奇·潘捷列夫
帕维尔·叶夫根尼耶维奇·潘捷列夫
加林娜·维克托罗芙娜·潘捷列娃
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RECYCLE LLC
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    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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Abstract

本发明涉及燃料并可作为马达燃料用于国民经济，该马达燃料在其物理和化学特性上与石油马达燃料等价。本发明的技术成果在于生产生物燃料，其能够增加发动机操作期间的燃烧过程的效率，增加发动机功率并减少加速时间。另外，本产物可用于：通过使用基于包括可再生资源的家用原材料资源提供的便宜的、可大量获得的产品的组分在显著降低成本的同时减少发动机的有害排放；改善寒冷环境中的流动特性；以及增加十六烷值。实现所述效果在于由二乙基甲缩醛(按体积计40‑80百分数)和不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯(按体积计20‑60百分数)的混合物组成的生物燃料。将任何植物油用作不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯。

Description

生物燃料组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及燃料，并作为其物理和化学特性与油马达燃料等价的马达燃料可用于国民经济。
背景技术
目前用于柴油发动机的燃料包含主要来自原油的组分。
将天然气和二甲醚用作柴油发动机的代替燃料。这种燃料的主要弱点是它们与油柴油不良的相容性，因为在正常情况下其生成气体。此外，为了用这些代替燃料运行车辆，其要求它的改变体。(二甲醚-Wikipedia)。
需要包含生物来源的组分以及满足在任何温度条件下运行的柴油燃料质量的要求的用于柴油发动机的高质量燃料组合物。而且，燃料应该是环境安全的。目前，燃料中最常见的生物来源组分是油菜籽甲酯、或RME(RU 2393209)。
RME弱点是它的高粘度和高倾点(pour point)，使得不能在零下温度使用它。RME的副产物是丙三醇，这在产品输出量大的情况下导致问题。类似地可以由其他植物油和脂肪酸甲酯生产酯，通常称为FAME(脂肪酸甲酯)。这种FAME可用于与油菜籽甲酯相同的应用，但是它们也对柴油燃料质量，特别是它在低温下的性质具有不利影响，且此外，在燃料中使用它们增加氮氧化物排放。在一些情况下，FAME和RME导致在冷启动时较多的颗粒排放和烟雾生成。
WO 2001012581(年)应用描述了用作生物柴油燃料的甲酯生产方法，基于该方法，在单相中酯化脂肪酸和甘油三酯的混合物。根据该方法，在低于溶液沸点的温度下由脂肪酸、甘油三酯、醇、酸催化剂、和共溶剂(助溶剂，co-solvent)产生溶液。应当使用一定量的共溶剂来确保单相，然后允许溶液静止一段足以酸催化酯化脂肪酸的时间。此后，中和酸催化剂，添加碱性催化剂用于甘油三酯酯交换，以及最后从溶液中除去酯。通过这样做，可以得到包含丙三醇含量为至少0.4wt.％的酯的生物燃料。
弱点是过程复杂性和多步骤本质、和高生产成本。
与要求保护的发明最相似的是US 6013114专利(当做原型)。提出了闪点大于+550C的含植物油和缩醛组分的燃料(参见准则的条款5)。
该发明的缺点是高生产成本。非常昂贵的醇(丁醇)和更高的是用于提出的缩醛的原材料。因此，源自这些醇的缩醛也将具有高成本。基于C4醇和更高的甲缩醛具有相对高的粘度和倾点，并以与植物油的混合物不可在低温下使用。而且，本专利描述的缩醛不涉及可再生的生物产品，因此增加排放到大气中的温室气体的水平。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发不包含油组分但具有高十六烷值、在改善柴油燃料低温和启动性质的同时抑制腐蚀、在不改变发动机并具有环保排气的情况下使用的替代生物燃料。
本发明的技术成果是发动机运行中的燃烧过程改善，发动机功率提高和启动时间减少。另外，该产物可用于通过使用基于包括可再生原材料的家用原材料提供的可获得的低成本的大量产物在显著降低成本的情况下减少发动机的有害排放，改善冷流动性能(cold flow performance)以及提高十六烷值。
通过包含按体积计40-80％的二乙基甲缩醛(dietilformal)和按体积计20-60％的不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯可实现所述效果。将任何植物油用作不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯。
使用的二乙基甲缩醛可以将柴油燃料的十六烷值增加到60点。生物乙醇(较低成本的原材料)是用于二乙基甲缩醛合成的能够降低产品成本的原材料。
另外，二乙基甲缩醛的物理和化学参数优于二丁基甲缩醛，能够产生倾点低于-600C的生物柴油燃料。
具体实施方式
已知测试的柴油机具有基于植物油的发动机。然而，植物油具有高粘度和高倾点，因此全世界主要使用油甲酯。30％成本完成油酯交换过程，其中，使用碱并生成副产物。
在一起使用二乙基甲缩醛和不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯(简单混合物)时，针对生物柴油机的欧洲标准EN 14214的11个参数改善。二乙基甲缩醛是可以容易地由生物乙醇和生物气体生产的生物燃料，通过乙醇和甲醛缩合(Himik.ru化工百科全书(Himik.ru ChemicalEncyclopaedia))的已知方法的可再生能源以及甲醛经由甲醇来自甲烷(ru.wikipedia.org甲醇和甲醛(ru.wikipedia.org Methanol and Formaldehyde))。
使用了按体积计20-60％的量的植物油的不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯的混合物中的二乙基甲缩醛允许生产具有高十六烷值和对应于俄国标准GOST R53605-2009、欧洲标准EN14214-2003和美国标准ASTMD 6751的特性的生物燃料。在这种情况下，避免了对于含甲醇的油的酯交换的需要，其占30％成本，而且也避免了处理副产物-丙三醇和碱性催化剂废物的需要(生物燃料市场、生物乙醇和生物柴油的市场研究，2012年5月18，ResearchTechart，第54页(Marketing research of the biofuel market,Bioethanol andBiodiesel,May 18,2012 Research Techart,p.54))。植物和可再生原材料的充分利用对整个环境具有有利影响。
我们之前示出了在DEP浓度高于40％的情况下，所有植物油(玉米、亚麻籽、油菜籽和棕榈)满足它们的粘度参数标准和低于5cCm的粘度。
在低于-200C的温度的柴油两升发动机的Toyota Carina E(1994发行)上进行测试。将20升量的100％生物柴油填充在空槽(empty tank)中，并运行车辆几天。针对包含40-80％二乙基甲缩醛(DEF)和20-60％葵花油的生物柴油燃料的三个样品进行测试。结果示于下表中。
结论
车辆在没有任何显著偏差的所有测试样品上适当运行。二乙基甲缩醛浓度低于40％，粘度指数不满足标准-大于5cCm，而二乙基甲缩醛浓度大于80％，润湿能力(滑动)下降且生物柴油燃料的热值降低。

Claims (3)

1.包含缩醛和植物油的生物燃料，其特征在于，所述生物燃料是按体积计40-80％的二乙基甲缩醛和按体积计20-60％的不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物燃料，其特征在于，将所述二乙基甲缩醛用作缩醛。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物燃料，其特征在于，将任何植物油用作不饱和脂肪酸的甘油酯。
CN201480078987.7A 2014-03-21 2014-05-21 生物燃料组合物 Pending CN106459793A (zh)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN87104075A (zh) * 1987-06-02 1988-02-24 占小玲 混合柴油——一种醇基柴油机燃料
US6013114A (en) * 1997-01-28 2000-01-11 Clariant Gmbh Environmentally friendly diesel fuel
RU2475472C2 (ru) * 2010-08-17 2013-02-20 Евгений Валентинович Пантелеев Топливная композиция

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2381394C (en) 1999-08-18 2010-04-27 David Gavin Brooke Boocock Single-phase process for production of fatty acid methyl esters from mixtures of triglycerides and fatty acids
RU2393209C2 (ru) 2008-10-08 2010-06-27 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Красноярский государственный аграрный университет Способ производства биотоплива на основе рапсового масла для дизельных автотракторных двигателей

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN87104075A (zh) * 1987-06-02 1988-02-24 占小玲 混合柴油——一种醇基柴油机燃料
US6013114A (en) * 1997-01-28 2000-01-11 Clariant Gmbh Environmentally friendly diesel fuel
RU2475472C2 (ru) * 2010-08-17 2013-02-20 Евгений Валентинович Пантелеев Топливная композиция

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Application publication date: 20170222