CN106455985A - 与神经组织相互作用的装置及其制造和使用方法 - Google Patents

与神经组织相互作用的装置及其制造和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN106455985A
CN106455985A CN201580016170.1A CN201580016170A CN106455985A CN 106455985 A CN106455985 A CN 106455985A CN 201580016170 A CN201580016170 A CN 201580016170A CN 106455985 A CN106455985 A CN 106455985A
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CN106455985B (zh
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M·博尔斯
A·梅尔卡尼兹尼
J-M·多古蒂
A·米查理斯
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A Leyva Nerve Therapy Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/685—Microneedles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
    • A61B5/686—Permanently implanted devices, e.g. pacemakers, other stimulators, biochips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
    • A61N1/0529—Electrodes for brain stimulation
    • A61N1/0534—Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0551—Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/028—Microscale sensors, e.g. electromechanical sensors [MEMS]

Abstract

本发明涉及一种对神经目标提供局部化神经记录或神经刺激的微电极装置。该装置包括沿着可展开柔性销的轴布置的多个电极。可展开柔性销封装在细长形探针轴内，并且能够从其外壳扩展。另外，特别地制造的外壳可以联接至细长形探针轴的至少一部分。在柔性销的展开期间，微电极装置的外壳减小柔性销与探针轴之间的摩擦并且减轻展开期间柔性销的层离。

Description

与神经组织相互作用的装置及其制造和使用方法
背景技术
医疗装置可以与受试者的组织相互作用以诊断或治疗受试者。例如，受试者可以具有需要进行诊断和治疗的神经学病理。
发明内容
神经记录和神经刺激装置可被用于耳蜗、视网膜、外周神经系统、脊柱、大脑以及身体的其他部分。一般地，可以通过手术插入导电电极以及利用外部电子设备放大神经信号在深层大脑结构中执行神经记录。能够通过手术在目标中植入导电电极以及利用可植入脉冲发生器来向导电电极施加电信号来执行神经刺激。
导电电极可以通过立体定向手术或内诊镜检查过程插入深层大脑结构内。在这些过程期间，引导插管可以靠近目标组织植入。导电电极可以通过插管送进至目标组织。
本文中说明的是一种对神经目标提供高度局部化神经记录或神经刺激的微电极装置。该装置包括沿着可展开柔性销的轴布置的多个电极。可展开柔性销封装在细长形探针轴内，并且能够从其外壳扩展。另外，特别地制造的保护壳体可以联接至细长形探针轴的至少一部分。在柔性销的展开期间，微电极装置的保护壳体减小柔性销与探针轴之间的摩擦，并且因此降低了展开期间柔性销的层离的风险。
根据本公开的一个方面，可植入微电极装置包括具有外壁和远端部的细长形轴。细长形轴限定贯穿的内部腔，外壁在其中限定多个窗口。端盖与细长形轴的远端部联接。端盖具有突出到细长形轴的内部腔内的截锥体端部。该装置还包括与细长形轴的外表面联接的保护管。保护管的一部分覆盖多个窗口中的每一个的一部分。装置还包括探针组件。探针组件包括多个柔性销。多个柔性销中的每一个可以通过多个窗口中的不同的窗口展开。多个柔性销中的每一个以由端盖的截锥体端部和保护管的远端部限定的角度退出细长形轴。
在一些实施方式中，保护管构造成相当大地减小在通过多个窗口展开期间在多个柔性销上引起的摩擦。与没有保护管的装置相比，保护管可以在展开期间将多个柔性销上引起的摩擦减小大约50％与大约20％之间。保护管可以包括聚合物材料。在一些实施方式中，保护管和多个柔性销包括相同基底材料。多个柔性销可以构造成沿着端盖的突出到内部腔和保护管内的截锥体端部滑动。保护管与多个柔性销之间的摩擦系数可以在大约0.5与大约0.01之间，或者在大约0.2与大约0.01之间。
在一些实施方式中，微电极装置还可以包括微型机电系统(MEMS)部件，微型机电系统部件可以包括第一组多个MEMS腿。第一组多个MEMS腿中的每一个可以与多个柔性销之一的外表面对准并且联接。该装置还可以包括第二组多个MEMS腿，第二组多个MEMS腿可以通过可折叠条带联接至第一组多个MEMS腿。第二组多个MEMS腿中的每一个可以与多个柔性销之一的内表面对准并且联接。MEMS腿可以包括至少一个电极。
在一些实施方式中，至少一个电极布置在多个柔性销中的每一个上。探针组件还可以包括通过端盖的中央通道展开的中央销。端盖的截锥体端部可以限定柔性销与细长形轴的最小退出角。保护管可以限定柔性销与细长形轴的最大退出角。在一些实施方式中，装置包括至少四个窗口。
该装置可以包括平移系统。平移系统可以包括平移环和平移器杆。平移系统可被构造成将平移环的旋转运动转换成平移器杆的轴向运动。平移器杆联接至探针组件。在一些实施方式中，平移系统包括构造成将旋转运动转换成轴向运动以展开中央销的第二平移环。
根据本公开的另一个方面，用于获取神经活动数据的方法包括在神经目标的附近区域内植入微电极装置。该装置包括具有外壁和远端部的细长形轴。细长形轴限定内部腔，外壁限定多个窗口。该装置还包括与细长形轴的远端部联接的端盖。端盖具有突出到细长形轴的内部腔内的截锥体端部。该装置还包括与细长形轴的外表面联接的保护管。保护管的部分可以覆盖多个窗口中的每一个的一部分。该装置还包括具有多个柔性销的探针组件。多个柔性销中的每一个包括多个电极部位。该方法还包括通过多个窗口中的不同的一个窗口展开多个柔性销中的至少一个。多个柔性销可以以由端盖的截锥体端部和保护管的远端部限定的退出角展开。该方法还包括利用多个电极部位记录神经活动。
在一些实施方式中，该方法可以包括将微电极装置与立体定向设备联接。多个柔性销可以通过使微电极装置的平移器环旋转而展开。在一些实施方式中，微电极装置可以包括使得柔性销能够独立展开的多个平移器环。多个柔性销可以缩回并且可以从神经目标移除神经探针。神经探针在受试者的大脑内的位置可以响应于所记录的神经活动进行确定。该方法可以包括使神经探针与神经记录和神经刺激装置联接。
在一些实施方式中，保护管构造成相当大地减小在通过多个窗口展开期间在多个柔性销上引起的摩擦。保护管可以包括聚合物材料。保护管和多个柔性销可以包括相同的基底材料。退出角的最小值可以由端盖的截锥体限定，退出角的最大值可以由保护管的远端部限定。在一些实施方式中，至少四个窗口限定在细长形轴的外壁中。在一些实施方式中，该方法包括使多个柔性销沿着突出到内部腔和保护管内的截锥体端部滑动。
在一些实施方式中，该方法包括向旋转平移系统施加旋转力。旋转的平移系统可以包括平移器杆。旋转平移系统构造成将施加至旋转平移系统的旋转力转换成平移器杆的轴向运动。平移器杆可以联接至探针组件。
附图说明
本文中说明的附图用于例示目的。所说明的实施方式的各个方面可被夸大或放大地示出以便于理解所说明的实施方式。在附图中，相同的附图标记一般指代相同的特征，在整个多个附图中指代功能相似或结构相似的元件。附图并不一定按比例绘制。附图并非旨在以任何方式限制当前教导的范围。从以下参照下述附图的说明性说明书中可以理解上述系统和方法，在附图中：
图1是微电极装置的一个实施方式的透视图。
图2A是适用于图1的微电极装置的示例性内部展伸子组件的平面图。
图2B和图2C是适用于图1的微电极装置的示例性微电极探针组件的视图。
图2D-2F示出适用于图1的微电极装置的微电极探针组件的子部件。
图2G-2J示出适用于图1的微电极装置的可折叠延伸腿的各个视图。
图3A-3H示出适用于图1的微电极装置的示例连接垫片的各个视图。
图3I、3J和3K示出适用于图1的微电极装置的将聚合物绝缘层联接至柔性电缆的各个视图。
图4A是适用于图1的微电极装置的示例性外部展伸子组件的平面图。
图4B是图4A的具有保护管的外部展伸子组件的平面图。
图4C是图4B的外部展伸子组件的横截面图。
图5A是图1的处于未展开状态的微电极装置的尖端的透视图。
图5B是图1的处于未展开状态的微电极装置的尖端的横截面图。
图6A是图1的处于展开状态的微电极装置的尖端的透视图。
图6B是图1的处于展开状态的微电极装置的尖端的横截面图。
图6C-6H示出具有可独立控制中心销的微电极驱动器的尖端。
图6I和6J示出具有固定中心销的微电极驱动器的尖端。
图7A是适用于图1的微电极装置的示例性平移系统的平面图。
图7B是图7A的平移系统的横截面图。
图7C是适用于图1的微电极装置的示例性平移系统的横截面图。
图7D是图7C的示例性平移系统的分解图。
图7E示出图7A的平移系统的横截面图；
图7F是图7C的示例性平移系统的平移器杆和导向管的侧视图。
图7G-7J示出沿着图7C的平移系统的导向管运动的导向结构。
图8A和图8B分别是侧视图和横截面图，示出适用于图1的微电极装置的示例性标引系统。
图8C-8G示出标引系统的各个部件如何装配在一起。
图9A-9E示出平移系统的系统性拆卸。
图10A-10D示出具有多个平移器环的示例平移系统的视图。
图11A、图11B和图11C示出平移系统如何与示例性立体定向设备相互作用。
图12示出平移系统与立体定向框架的一部分的相互作用以防止微电极装置的拆除。
具体实施方式
以上介绍以及以下更详细地论述的各种构思可以以多种方式中的任一种实施，所述构思不限于任何特定方式的实施方式。具体实施方式和应用的示例主要提供用于说明性目的。本文中讨论的医疗装置可以执行神经记录和神经刺激操作以与组织电相互作用。在神经记录的情况下，可以在神经组织上执行生理测量以诊断或治疗患者。在神经刺激的情况下，电荷可被传送至组织以便产生治疗输出或形成诊断结论。
本文中说明的是微电极阵列装置及其制造和使用方法，以提供对神经目标的局部和有效的电刺激，神经目标比如为单独神经元、神经元组和可以位于动物神经系统中，比如在人类大脑或动物大脑深处的神经组织。在比如为脚桥核的小的难发现大脑目标中或者在比如为底丘脑核的需要局部性水平的神经刺激的目标中，在大脑区域中需要许多微电极以利用电生理学记录寻找目标。更大数量的微电极可以提高发现用于治疗刺激所需的神经元的可能性。最接近目标大脑区域的微电极或微电极组可被用于慢性、治疗刺激或抑制。
刺激可以高度局部化。在一些实施方式中，通过利用小电极，例如其直径或宽度在大约2μm与大约2mm之间，对刺激进行局部化。这些微电极元件之间的相对间距可以在大约2μm与大约2mm之间。在一些例子中，直径为大约150μm并且具有大约1000μm间距的微电极可被用于刺激神经组织。这种微电极元件的阵列可以包括一个或更多个这种元件(例如十六个元件)，每个元件布置在相应的位置或地点。
较小的微电极元件能够提供神经刺激，由于一系列这种微电极能够识别所关注的刺激区域，因此神经刺激是高度局部化和有效的。例如，这种微电极元件阵列中的一个或更多个微电极元件可被用于记录检测或记录微电极元件附近的神经元活动。由微电极元件的相对小的尺寸或间距提供的这种细化可被用于获得神经元活动在围绕植入物的区域中的高度局部化映射。具有定位在神经目标的大致附近的多个微电极元件的适当地设定尺寸的微电极阵列可被用于通过识别定位在神经目标的非常具体的区域中那些一个或更多个微电极元件在不进行进一步重定位的情况下定位准确的神经目标。微电极阵列可被编程以在非常具体的区域中进行刺激，例如，利用一定数目的微电极元件来主动地刺激周围神经元或神经元组织，同时该阵列的其他电极元件保持静态。
在一些实施例中，微电极阵列定位在三维空间中，而非作为线性阵列或二维阵列植入在膜上。微电极阵列可以沿着轴定位并且从中央腔发散以便覆盖目标组织。
在一些实施例中，包括具有相对小的尺寸或间距的元件的微电极阵列的细长形装置可被用于获得围绕植入物的区域中的神经元活动的高度局部化映射。例如，配置有沿着装置的远端部的长度定位的微电极线性阵列的这种装置可被放置到患者的大脑中。微电极阵列的元件可以包围包括神经目标的区域。神经活动可以由微电极元件中的一个或更多个独立地检测。所检测的活动可以捕获在记录器或显示装置中，设定临床医生能够识别微电极元件中的哪一个或更多个最靠近指定目标定位。获知微电极元件中的每一个沿着装置的相应的位置以及确定到比如为患者的颅骨的参照的距离之后，目标的准确位置可被确定为沿着装置的轨迹的距离。参照特定微电极元件测量距离。可以在不对细长形装置进行任何重定位的情况下确定目标的位置，由此简化医疗过程。
在一些实施例中，装置用于急性内部手术用途；在定位目标之后移除。该装置可以利用慢性探针替换或定位在确定的目标位置处。该装置可以作为慢性装置保持就位，相同微电极或不同的微电极用于在延长的时间段内记录或刺激神经目标。
在一些实施方式中，本文中说明的微电极装置包括内部展伸子组件和外部展伸子组件。外部展伸子组件可以包括限定内部腔的细长形轴。多个窗口朝向细长形轴的远端部限定在细长形轴的壁中。微电极装置还包括与细长形轴的远端部联接的端盖。端盖的一部分包括截锥体端部。端盖的截锥体端部突出到细长形轴的内部腔内。保护管可以与细长形轴的外表面联接。保护管可以覆盖每个窗口的一部分。微电极装置还可以包括探针组件。探针组件构造成滑动通过细长形轴的内部腔。探针组件可以包括柔性销。柔性销中的每一个与限定在细长形轴中的窗口之一对准，设定柔性销能够通过窗口展开。柔性销通过窗口展开的角度至少部分地由端盖的截锥体端部和保护管的远端部限定。
图1示出微电极装置100的示例性实施方式。微电极装置100可以包括至少一个细长形微电极引导组件105。引导组件105可以包括至少一个外部展伸子组件240和至少一个内部展伸子组件270。如图1所示，微电极装置100处于展开状态。在展开状态中，在内部展伸子组件270的微电极探针组件从外部展伸子组件240中突出时，内部展伸子组件270的远端部是可见的。至少一个平移系统300(也称为控制器300)可以与引导组件105的近端部联接。
外部展伸子组件240可以提供保护壳体，内部展伸子组件270在被平移系统300驱动时滑动通过保护壳体。在一些实施方式中，外部展伸子组件240的壁形成限定内部腔的细长形轴。内部展伸子组件270可以贯穿外部展伸子组件240的内部腔。平移系统300可以由操作人员控制并且可以使操作人员能够选择微电极探针组件的柔性销中的每一个展开的长度。
图2A示出示例内部展伸子组件270。内部展伸子组件270包括联接至展伸管271的远端部的微电极探针组件600。微电极探针组件600还示出在图2B和图2C中。在一些实施方式中，展伸管271构成内部展伸子组件270的长度的大部分。内部展伸子组件270可以在长度和直径方面有变化，但一般为至少大约28cm长，(例如至少20cm长、至少25cm长、至少28cm长、至少30cm长等等)以及直径为大约1.27mm(例如直径在1.0-2.0mm的范围内)。
图2B和图2C示出示例性微电极探针组件600的视图。如上所述，微电极探针组件600可以联接至展伸管271的远端部。如由展伸管271的剖切图所展示的，展伸管271可以是中空的。展伸管271还可以是实心或非中空的。电接线(比如导电线或柔性PCB缆线)可以从平移系统300到微电极探针组件600的电极贯穿展伸管271(例如穿过中空空间)。电接线可以将电极电联接至脉冲发生器或控制器。例如，刺激信号可以被递送至电极，用于递送至包围植入电极的组织。另外，所记录的信号可以从电极传递至脉冲发生器的反馈系统或外部数据记录器。
参照图2B和图2C，其中，微电极探针组件600可以包括四个柔性销202a、202b、202c和202d(共同地称为柔性销202)。柔性销202可以包括沿其轴布置的多个电极610。柔性销202中的四个(或其他数目)可以沿向前方向、向后方向、侧向方向或中间方向突出。柔性销202可以通过对展伸管271的远端部进行激光切割来制造。柔性销202还可以由展伸管271单独地制造，并且然后通过胶粘或激光焊接联接至展伸管271。其中，进一步关于图2D-2E讨论柔性销202的单独制造。
微电极探针组件600还包括沿着与内部展伸子组件270相同的纵向轴线的中心销204。中心销204可以是扁平线，在一些实施方式中，可以与柔性销202分离。中心销204可以通过胶粘或激光焊接联接至微电极探针组件600。中心销204可以包括沿着其轴布置的多个电极610。
内部展伸子组件270的部件可以由生物相容的材料制造。在一些实施方式中，材料选择成经受24小时的植入。材料还可被选择成使其在大于24小时的持续时间内保持生物相容。微电极探针组件600的非导电部件可以由聚酰亚胺制造。微电极探针组件600的导电部件(例如电极610)可以由例如铂、铂-铱合金和金制造。
微电极探针组件600、柔性销202和电极610可以定尺寸和成形为用于指定神经应用。例如，微电极探针组件600可以至少部分地放置在患者或其他受试者的中枢神经系统内。微电极探针组件600可被放置在身体的其他部分或器官内，比如脊柱的硬膜外腔内，或放置在外周神经系统内的其他位置内，或者放置在比如为肝脏或心脏的器官内。微电极探针组件600和柔性销202的直径和长度可以根据特定的解剖学目标而变化。在一些实施方式中，具有2-4、4-8、8-12和12-16柔性销202。每个柔性销202包括每柔性销202的2-4、4-8、8-12、12-16和16-32电极610。
电极610可以定尺寸或间隔成从神经元记录或刺激神经元。微电极探针组件600可被用于在神经目标处检测或记录神经元活动。自然地发生在神经目标内的神经元活动产生局部电磁场，局部电磁场能够由微电极阵列的微电极元件中的一个或更多个检测。例如，由神经元产生的电场可以使微电极元件中的一个或更多个偏振。这种偏振产生相对于比如为电接地或电极610中的另一个的参照的电势。所检测的电磁场从电极610中的一个或更多个传导至微电极装置100的外部的装置。信号从电极610传导通过中空展伸管271内的内部电导体。连接至微电极装置100的外部装置可以是一个或更多个另外的医疗装置，另外的医疗装置可以进一步处理所检测的电动作。例如，电极610可以联接至显示装置或记录装置，用于显示或记录来自神经目标的电动作。
在一些实施方式中，电极610中的一个或更多个用于电刺激神经目标。例如，一个或更多个外部产生的电信号可被应用于电极610中的一个或更多个。这些电信号可以通过内部电导体传导至电极610中的一个或更多个。根据电信号的幅值和极性，能够通过极化电极610感应电场。由这种偏振感应的电场可以与目标部位处的一个或更多个神经元相互作用。
图2D和2E示出微电极探针组件600的子部件。一般说来，微电极探针组件600包括微机电系统(MEMS)部件和展伸管271。图2D示出MEMS部件620和630，图2E示出展伸管271。MEMS部件630包括用于柔性销202的电极。MEMS部件630被分成三个区域：连接阵列500、台肩631和MEMS腿605。MEMS部件620包括连接阵列500和单个MEMS腿605，并被用于形成中心销204。图2E示出在增加MEMS部件630和620之前的展伸管271。连接阵列500包括多个连接垫片510。连接阵列500可以为微电极探针组件600中的每个电极610提供连接点。
图2F示出组装的微电极探针组件600的剖面图。如图2F所示，每个MEMS腿605联接至柔性销202并且与柔性销202对准。中心MEMS部件620可以与中心销204联接，MEMS主要部件630围绕展伸管271的远端部包裹，使得每个MEMS腿605与展伸管271的柔性销202对准。在一些实施方式中，MEMS部件与展伸管271利用生物相容粘合剂进行联接。
图2G、2H和2I分别示出具有可折叠延伸腿611的微电极探针组件600的剖视图、侧视图和端视图。可折叠延伸腿611(也称为MEMS腿611)延伸经过MEMS腿605以及然后沿着柔性销202中的每一个的内表面折叠。可折叠延伸腿611中的每一个与柔性销202之一的内表面612对准并且联接。在该构造中，微电极探针组件600包括位于柔性销202的内表面612和外表面613两者上的电极610。可折叠延伸腿611通过可折叠条带640与MEMS腿605联接，可折叠条带640折叠在柔性销202中的每一个的远端尖端上。
图2J和2H分别示出具有可折叠延伸腿611的微电极探针组件600的剖视图和端视图。在图2J和图2H的示例微电极探针组件600中，可折叠条带640折叠在柔性销202中的每一个的侧面641上。
尤其参照图2F，MEMS部件620和630中的每一个包括连接阵列500。连接阵列500可以包括多个连接垫片，用于与布置在MEMS部件620和630上的电极建立电连接。
图3A示出示例连接垫片510的放大的俯视图。图3B示出连接垫片510的侧视图。连接垫片510中的每一个通过嵌入在MEMS部件的聚合物绝缘层512内的电导体与电极610电联接。导电垫片511定位在聚合物绝缘层512的顶部上并且定位在嵌入在聚合物绝缘层512内的导电电缆线上。在导电垫片511中形成通孔514。在通孔514内，通过聚合物绝缘层512刻蚀十字形切口513。在一个实施例中，导电垫片511包括金。导电垫片511可以通过电镀沉积在聚合物绝缘层512上沉积在铂层上。
图3C和图3D分别示出具有穿过导电垫片511中的孔514的导电线550的连接垫片510的侧视图和俯视图。该导电线550的另一端部连接至外部电子装置或控制器。十字形切口513使得聚合物层512的区域能够是柔性的并且一旦插入导电线550即可将导电线550临时保持就位。在一个实施例中，线可以利用非导电粘合剂在下面紧固。在导电垫片511的表面551上，导电粘合剂被用于紧固线并且建立线550与导电垫片511之间的电接触。在一些实施方式中，采用具有通路销的PCB缆线，而非采用(或除嵌入之外)穿过导电垫片511的导电线550。
图3E、3F、3G和3H示出联接至柔性PCB缆线560的示例连接阵列500的各个视图。柔性PCB缆线560可以包括多个通路销565，通路销565与连接阵列500中的连接垫片510对准。柔性PCB缆线560可以向多个连接排列500供电。通路销565可以通过十字形切口513和导电垫片511中的通孔514插入–类似于线550如何通过通孔514插入。导电垫片511与通路销565之间的电结合可以通过导电粘合剂形成。在一些实施方式中，通过将上述部件封装在非导电粘合剂内提供机械强度。
图3I、3J和3K示出了将聚合物绝缘层512联接至柔性缆线560的各个视图。在图3I、3J和3K中，柔性pcb缆线560利用线接合法与聚合物绝缘层512联接。可以通过利用与导电垫片511中的每一个联接的接合线1600(例如直径为大约25μm的金线)在两个导电垫片511(例如金垫片)之间建立电连接。在一些实施方式中，接合线1600利用超声振动和垂直压力与导电垫片511联接。柔性pcb缆线560的导电垫片511可以通过窗口1700进入，窗口1700穿过聚合物绝缘层512的各层。窗口可以是300μm×300μm。在一些实施方式中，窗口1700比导电垫片511大至少50％。
图4A和4B示出示例性外部展伸子组件240的尖端的示例视图。外部展伸管261可以延伸外部展伸子组件240的长度。外部展伸管261可以形成细长轴。作为细长轴的外部展伸管261的壁可以限定内部展伸子组件270能够通过其自由滑动的内腔。外部展伸管261可以在长度和直径方面有变化，但例如可以为至少大约28cm长，(例如至少20cm长、至少25cm长、至少28cm长、至少30cm长等等)以及直径为大约1.27mm(例如直径在1.0-2.0mm的范围内)。外部展伸管261的内径可以稍微大于内部展伸子组件270的外径，使得内部展伸子组件270可以在外部展伸管261内自由地滑动。
端盖262可被联接至外部展伸管261的远端部。在一些实施方式中，端盖262通过胶粘或激光焊接联接至外部展伸管261。在其远端部处，外部展伸管261的外壁可以限定四个窗口265。窗口265可以朝向外部展伸子组件240的远端部限定。当组装时，一个窗口265可以与柔性销202中的每一个对准。具有更多或更少柔性销202的实施例也分别包括更多或更少的窗口265，使得每个柔性销202与一个窗口265相关。每个窗口265的宽度241可以比与窗口265相关的柔性销202的宽度稍宽(例如在20％以内)。
图4B示出外部展伸子组件240的尖端，其中保护管250联接至外部展伸管261的外表面。保护管250的远端部覆盖每个窗口265的一部分并且将柔性销202中的每一个从窗口265引导出。在一些实施方式中，保护管250沿着外部展伸管261的基本部分延伸。在一些实施例中，保护管250仅覆盖外部展伸管261的靠近窗口265的部分。
图4C示出外部展伸子组件240的尖端的横截面图。端盖262包括联接在外部展伸子组件240内的近端截锥体(或锥台形状)端部263。端盖262可以联接至外部展伸子组件240，使得截锥体端部263突出到由外部展伸管261的壁限定的内腔内。特别地参照图6A和6B，端盖262的截锥体端部263或保护管250能够使得柔性销202以预定轨迹(或角度)退出外部展伸子组件240。中心销204的轨迹可以通过中心通道267控制。
图5A示出处于非展开(或默认)状态的微电极装置100的尖端的透视图。图5B示出处于非展开状态的微电极装置100的尖端的横截面图。在非展开状态中，柔性销202中的每一个可以定位在端盖262的截锥体端部263上并且与窗口265之一对准。中心销204与中心通道267对准。在非展开状态中，柔性销202中的每一个可以包含在外部展伸子组件240内以便能够植入装置。在非展开状态植入微电极装置100提供能够在微电极装置100穿过通向目标组织过程中的周围组织时降低由微电极装置100引起的损伤。
图6A和图6B示出当微电极探针组件600处于展开状态时的微电极装置100的尖端。展开角552(或退出角)部分地由至少微电极装置100的外径、端盖262的截锥体特征263的尺寸和形状以及保护管250的设置限定。例如，当内部展伸子组件270被驱动通过外部展伸子组件240时，柔性销202的向内面向侧面开始与端盖262的截锥体特征263接触。这将柔性销202从外部展伸子组件240中驱动出去。在柔性销202的向外面向边缘上，柔性销202由保护管250引导。在一些实施方式中，截锥体特征263确定柔性销202和保护管250的退出角552，以确保柔性销202不过度延伸超过所需退出角552。保护管250可以提供在柔性销退出窗口265时的柔性销202的退出角的上限，并且端盖262的截锥体特征263可以提供最小退出角。例如，如果保护管250朝向端盖262的最远端部在窗口265的较大部分上延伸，则柔性销202的退出角在与保护管250延伸窗口265的较小部分的实施方式相比时将更浅。
图6C-6H示出具有可独立控制中心销204的微电极驱动器100的尖端。图6C-6H示出中心销204在柔性销202展开之前通过中心通道267的展开状态。在一些实施方式中，中心销204在柔性销202之后展开。在其他实施方式中，中心销204或柔性销202中的仅一个展开。
尤其如图6A所示，窗口265可以比柔性销202稍宽(例如，在20％以内)。在一些实施方式中，窗口265的宽度241基本类似于柔性销202的宽度，使得柔性销202能够自由地退出外部展伸子组件240，但是窗口265可以在展开期间控制柔性销202的侧向位置。例如，窗口265可以在柔性销202退出外部展伸子组件240时减少柔性销202的不希望的旋转。
在一些实施方式中，柔性销202和保护管250构造成在展开期间减少柔性销202的层离。层离可以由柔性销202与窗口265的外壁之间的摩擦引起。在一些实施方式中，使柔性销202或微电极探针组件600层离的可能性通过使柔性销202沿着截锥体特征263和保护管250而非窗口265的壁滑动来减小。保护管250可以由与用于制造微电极探针组件600或柔性销202的材料相同或相似的聚合物材料制成。可以选择材料以减小保护管250与截锥体特征263之间的摩擦。当与不具有保护管250的装置相比时，保护管250和截锥体特征263可被制造成在柔性销202的展开期间减小磨损。在一些实施方式中，柔性销202相对于保护管250或截锥体特征263的摩擦系数在大约0.5与大约0.01之间、在大约0.3与大约0.01之间或小于大约0.1。在与柔性销250摩擦不锈钢轴的装置相比时，相对于由聚酰亚胺材料制成的保护管250摩擦的柔性销202的摩擦系数可以为其一半大小。在一些实施方式中，由于柔性销202与保护管250的外表面包括相同的基底材料，比如聚合物材料，由此获得柔性销202与保护管250之间的摩擦系数。
在一些实施方式中，保护管250和截锥体特征263由与柔性销202相同的材料制造以限制层离。例如，保护管250、柔性销202或截锥体特征263可以由聚酰亚胺制造。在一些实施方式中，所选择的材料具有低摩擦系数(COF)。例如，所选择的材料可以具有小于0.5、小于0.2或小于0.1的COF。相对低的COF使得柔性销202能够在展开期间从外部展伸子组件240平滑地滑出。低的COF通过在柔性销202退出外部展伸子组件240时减小施加至柔性销202的力来降低层离的风险。
特别是图6A和图6B、图6I和图6J示出了微电极探针组件600的展开。在一些实施方式中，如图6I所示，中心销204固定在展开状态中。展开的中心销204可以减轻组织取心，组织取心是中心通道267(没有展开的中心销204)能够通过其切开组织的方法。为了降低取心的可能性，中心销204可以固定在展开状态中，可以填充中心通道267与中心销204之间的任何间隙。在一些实施方式中，填充物形成中心销204的基部与中心通道267之间的类似锥体的过渡。在一些实施方式中，可以在植入处理期间通过中心销204作出记录，例如用于确定微电极探针组件600的位置。图6J示出柔性销202的展开，其不改变中心销204的位置。
图7A示出示例性平移系统300的侧视图，图7B示出平移系统300的横截面图。平移系统300可以驱动内部展伸子组件270穿过外部展伸子组件240以展开和缩回柔性销202。如关于图1所说明的，平移系统300联接至引导组件105的近端部。如图7A所示，控制器300的壳体包括平移器环311、可移除端盖310和主体壳体312。
参照图7B，平移系统300的内部构件包括锁销313、平移器杆330和引导销320。在一些实施方式中，平移系统300通过将平移器环311的旋转运动转换成平移器杆330的沿着微电极装置的长度的轴向运动来驱动内部展伸子组件270。平移器环311和平移器杆330可以用作丝杠以轴向地驱动平移器杆330和内部展伸子组件270。平移器环311的内孔可以包括与平移器杆330上的螺纹匹配的螺纹。当操作人员使平移器环311旋转时，平移器环311的螺纹在平移器杆330的螺纹上施加力，并且在平移器杆330上引起轴向运动。平移器杆330可以通过激光焊接或胶粘与探针组件600的内部展伸子组件270联接。在一些实施方式中，平移器杆330联接在平移系统300内，使其仅具有沿着平移系统300的中心轴线的一个运动自由度。
在一些实施方式中，控制器不具有平移器环311，而利用推拉杆展开柔性销202。例如，推拉杆可以沿着其线性轴线联接至内部展伸子组件270。当操作人员推动或拉动推拉杆时，运动被直接传递至内部展伸子组件270和柔性销202。
平移系统300包括可移除后盖310。移除该后盖310提供通向内部展伸子组件270。后盖310可以通过手或利用工具旋开。在一些实施方式中，平移器环311还可以在拆除后盖310之后从平移系统300去除。在拆除后盖310和平移器环311之后，为操作人员提供足够的通道以去除平移器杆330和内部展伸子组件270。在一些实施方式中，后盖310的拆除是使得操作人员能够暴露微电极装置100的内部构件并且在平移系统300内出现机械故障的情况下使内部展伸子组件270和柔性销202缩回的安全机构。进一步关于图9A–9E说明拆卸平移系统300的方法。
平移系统300可以包括定心销321和一个或更多个引导销320。在一些实施方式中，定心销321被用于标引立体定向设备(例如，用于深层脑刺激手术的立体定向设备)中的微电极装置100。例如，定心销321和引导销320可以在立体定向设备内以垂直排列设置，以指示微电极装置100相对于立体定向设备的初始位置。在一些实施方式中，引导销320形成与立体定向设备上的锁匹配的钥匙。引导销320防止当利用平移器环311时可能引起的任何旋转运动，并且还帮助微电极装置100向立体定向设备的初始标引。
在一些实施方式中，定心销321还加强外部展伸子组件240的使得微电极装置100一般夹紧至立体定向设备的部分。在一些实施方式中，引导销320彼此分离大约4mm(按照通过其纵向轴线之间的距离测量)。在一些实施方式中，每个引导销320与定心销321间隔开大约2mm(按照由其纵向轴线之间的距离测量)。进一步关于图9A-9E论述平移系统300与立体定向设备的相互作用。
图7C示出示例性平移系统300的横截面图，图7D示出平移系统300的分解图。平移系统300包括用于展开柔性销202的导向特征和标引特征。平移系统300包括平移器杆330，平移器杆330将平移器环311的旋转转换成沿着平移系统300的中心轴线的直线运动。平移系统300还包括多个球(或其他类型)轴承432，球轴承432通过弹簧431相对于平移器主体312保持。球轴承432和弹簧431可以是标引系统的部分。平移器杆330可以包括装配到导向管410的导向狭缝411内的导向结构331。导向管410可被插入和固定至平移器主体312内。
图7E示出关于平移系统300的另外的细节。外部展伸子组件240可以与主体壳体312联接。上述外部展伸子组件240可以与平移系统300联接，例如通过将外部展伸子组件240插入定心销321内。在一些实施方式中，外部展伸子组件240通过激光焊接或胶粘联接至定心销321。控制器300可以包括至少两个机械止动器407。第一可以是如图5A和5B所示的默认非展开位置，第二可以是如图6A和6B所示的完全展开位置。当平移器杆330与主体312接触时能够遇到机械止动器470a。当平移器杆330与锁销313完全接触时能够遇到机械止动器470b。在一些实施方式中，第一机械止动器可以确保柔性销202不在外部展伸子组件240内过度缩回。第二机械止动器可以确保柔性销202不过度展开。在一些实施方式中，第二机械止动器使得柔性销202能够展开至大约10mm-8mm、大约8mm-6mm、大约6mm-4mm或大约4mm-2mm的长度。平移系统300可以包括多个中间台阶，这允许柔性销202展开小于其完全展开长度的预定距离。
图7F是当平移器杆330插入导向管410内时平移器杆330和导向管410的侧视图，并且未示出平移系统300的其他部件。导向管410的导向狭缝411可以为平移器杆330提供例如沿着平移系统300的中心轴线的一个自由度。在示例性平移系统300中，导向管410可以包括三个导向狭缝411，平移器杆330包括三个导向结构331。导向结构331滑动到导向狭缝411内。导向结构331插入到导向狭缝411内能够防止平移器杆330基本旋转，并且可以将平移器杆的运动限制为单个自由度。
图7G、7H、7I和7J提供在使用者使平移器环311旋转时如何使导向结构331沿着导向管410运动的另外的图像。图7G表示平移系统300的默认状态。在图7I中，隐藏平移器环311以示出在平移系统300的默认状态中，平移器杆330朝向平移系统300的近端部。当使用者旋转平移器环311时(如图7H所示)，平移器杆330前进，使柔性销202展开。图7J示出没有平移器环311的平移系统300，以示出在展开状态中平移器杆330处于朝向平移系统300的远端部的位置中。
平移系统300包括使操作人员能够将柔性销202展开至预定长度的标引系统。图8A示出部分构造的平移系统300的侧视图，图8B示出沿着部分构造的平移系统300的平面700的剖切图。在图8A中，平移器环311被拉离平移器主体312以暴露标引系统的球轴承432和弹簧431(共同称为球轴承弹簧433)。标引系统允许在柔性销202的非展开和展开状态之间控制平移器杆330。标引系统使使用者能够确定柔性销是否处于展开位置、缩回位置或其之间的预定位置。
图8B示出平移器主体312的背面701。标引系统包括球轴承弹簧433和标引孔314a和314b。球轴承弹簧系统433由直径为1mm的球轴承432和弹簧431组成。弹簧431对着平移器主体312的背面701保持球轴承432。这些弹簧431可以通过钻入平移器环311内的孔容纳。标引孔314可以是铣削在平移器主体312的背面701内的半球孔。标引孔314的直径可以与球轴承432的直径大致相同(例如+/-10％)，使得标引孔314可以容纳球轴承432。当平移器环311旋转时，球轴承432落入标引孔314内以表示柔性销202的预定量的展开。在一些实施方式中，球轴承弹簧系统433减小可被存在于机械平移系统300中的机械间隙。例如，球轴承弹簧系统433可以提供能够减小平移器环311与平移器主体312之间的摩擦的机械稳定特征(例如三接触点系统)。
与平移系统300的中心轴线的距离对于球轴承弹簧系统433中的一个或更多个可以不同。例如，图8B描绘了可以比球轴承弹簧433c径向偏移稍微不同差值的球轴承弹簧系统433a和433b。在该例子中，球轴承弹簧433c用于标引系统中，同时球轴承弹簧433a和433b用于机械稳定性。标引孔314可以与球轴承弹簧433c从平移系统300的中心轴线偏移相同距离。例如，当标引孔314a容纳球轴承弹簧433c的球轴承432时，柔性销202完全缩回，并且当平移器环311旋转使得标引孔314b容纳球轴承弹簧433c的球轴承432时，柔性销202完全展开。在一些实施方式中，多个标引孔沿着标引孔314a与标引孔314b之间的径向路径设置，使得柔性销202可被展开至规定长度。沿着特定半径虚拟画出的轨道的长度限定在平移器杆330上引起的最大线位移距离。图8C、8D、8E、8F和8G示出平移器环311、球轴承弹簧433和标引系统的其他部件如何装配在一起。
图9A–9E示出平移系统300的系统性拆卸的例子。如果平移系统300变得卡阻，则平移系统300可以作为安全机构被拆卸以使柔性销202缩回。在一些实施方式中，首先，去除可移除端盖310以露出锁销313和导向管410。接着，去除锁销313，然后去除导向管410。然后，去除平移器杆330以露出内部展伸子组件270，操作人员可以手工去除平移器杆330以使柔性销202缩回。
在一些实施方式中，柔性销202中的一个或更多个能够独立地控制。平移系统300可以包括不同的平移器环311以控制可独立控制的柔性销202中的每一个的展开。图10A示出具有两个平移器环311的平移系统300的透视图。图10B示出具有两个平移器环311的平移系统300的侧视图。具有两个平移器环311的平移系统300可被用于例如控制具有独立控制的中心销的微电极装置。例如，第一平移器环311可被用于控制中心销的展开，第二平移器环311可被用于控制其余柔性销的展开。
图10C和10D分别示出具有五个平移器环311的平移系统300的透视图和侧视图。在一些实施方式中，微电极装置的柔性销中的每一个可以独立地控制。因此，微电极装置的柔性销中的每一个可以联接至五个平移器环311之一，以使柔性销能够独立地展开和缩回。在具有可独立展开的柔性销的一些实施方式中，外科医生可以仅展开在手术过程期间与诊断相关的柔性销，并且防止可能引起患者损伤的柔性销的展开。
图11A和11B示出平移系统300如何与示例性立体定向设备800相互作用。设备800的保持件810包括多个匹配孔815。孔815构造成与平移系统300的引导销320匹配。一旦引导销320与孔815匹配，由其如图11B所示，平移系统300不能围绕其中心轴线旋转。
图11C示出与立体定向框架1200一起使用的微电极装置100。立体定向框架1200可以在手术之前放置并固定至患者的头部。卡规装置800可以是立体定向框架1200的一部分并且可被用于与微电极装置100接口，以及可以相对于患者的头部确定微电极装置的位置。装置100的插入轨迹可以利用导向管1210进行引导，导向管1210可以通过保持件810与立体定向设备800接口。随着微电极装置100处于预定位置，可以如图11C所示地展开销。
在一些实施方式中，微电极装置构造成防止电极装置的取出，同时使柔性销展开到患者的组织内。在一些实施方式中，微电极装置的平移系统300包括当柔性销展开时向外科医生发出警报的警报器或当柔性销展开时阻止微电极装置的拆除的机构。
平移系统300可以包括可视或声音报警系统，比如LED或蜂鸣器。当柔性销处于其缩回状态时，报警可以中止。当柔性销之一展开时，报警可以触发。例如，当柔性销缩回时，平移系统300上的红色LED可以熄灭。然而，当柔性销之一展开时，可以向红色LED提供电力以警告外科医生应该从患者去除微电极装置。平移系统300可以包括第二LED，比如绿色LED，其向外科医生表示柔性销缩回并且从患者去除微电极装置是安全的。警报器可以由保持在平移系统300内的电池提供电力。
当一个或更多个柔性销展开时，平移系统300的视觉警报器可以包括曝光彩色环的机械指示器或其他静态视觉指示器。视觉指示器可以保持可见，直到柔性销中的每一个缩回。机械指示器可以不需要向外科医生发出警告的电源。
当一个或更多个柔性销展开时，平移系统300可以物理地阻止微电极装置从患者的拆除。图12示出平移系统300与立体定向框架800的一部分的相互作用以防止微电极装置的拆除。
在一些实施方式中，立体定向框架800的一部分可以电气或机械地连接至平移系统300，以防止微电极装置在一些条件下的位移，比如当柔性销展开时。如果柔性销不在安全位置中，立体定向框架800可以电气或机械地阻碍微电极装置相对于患者的大脑的运动。
图12示出当一个或更多个柔性销展开时防止微电极装置缩回的示例机械系统。阻止机构801可以联接至平移系统300。阻止机构包括旋转延伸件805。当平移环311之一旋转以展开柔性销中的一个或更多个时，旋转延伸件805内的齿轮可以使阻止延伸件515在保持件810的凸缘上旋转。例如，如果外科医生试图通过牵拉平移系统300使微电极装置缩回，阻止延伸件515将使微电极装置保持就位。随着柔性销缩回，阻止延伸件515将不卡持保持件810，微电极装置能够从患者退回。
本文已说明微电极装置的各个实施方式。这些实施例通过示例给出，而非限制本公开的范围。已被说明的实施例的各个特征可以以各种方式组合以产生多种另外的实施例。此外，虽然已说明了用于所公开的实施例的各种材料、尺寸、形状、植入位置等等，但是在不超出本公开的范围的情况下可以利用除所公开的特征之外的特征。
本文中说明的急性或慢性的装置可以急性地或慢性地使用。装置可以在这种周期比如在手术期间植入，并且然后去除。其可以植入延长的时间或不明确的时间。本文中说明的作为慢性的任何装置也可被急性地使用。
本公开不限于本申请中所述的旨在例示各个方面的具体实施例。可以在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出改进和变型。功能上等同的方法和设备可以包括在本公开的范围内。这些改进和变型旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。本公开的主题包括被称为等同物的全部范围。本公开不局限于可以变化的具体方法、试剂、化合合成物或生物系统。本文中使用的术语的目的在于描述具体实施例，而非旨在限制。
关于本文中使用的基本任何复数或单数术语，如上下文或申请中所适用的，复数可以包括单数，单数可以包括复数。
一般说来，本文中使用的术语，特别是随附权利要求(例如，随附权利要求的主体)中使用的术语一般解释为“开放式”术语(例如，术语“包含”应该解释为“包含但不限于”，术语“具有”应该理解为“至少具有”，术语“包括”应该理解为“包括但不限于”，等等)。导向所述主题的权利要求可以包含导引短语“至少一个”和“一个或更多个”的使用以引入权利要求内容。然而，这些短语的使用不应被解释为通过不定冠词“a”或“an”引入的权利要求内容将包含这些引入权利要求内容的任何具体权利要求限制于包含仅一项这种内容的实施例，即使当相同的权利要求包括导引短语“一个或更多个”或“至少一个”以及比如为“a”或“an”的不定冠词时(例如，“a”和/或“an”应被解释为表示“至少一个”或“一个或更多个”)；这对于使用用于引入权利要求内容的定冠词也是适用的。另外，即使明确记载了所引入权利要求内容的具体数目，但是这些内容可以至少指代所记载的数目(例如，不包括其他改进的“两项内容”的单纯列举指代至少两项内容，或两项或更多内容)。此外，在采用类似于“A、B和C等等中的至少一个”的惯用语的这些情况下，一般说来这种结构将包括但不局限于具有仅A、仅B、仅C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起和/或A、B和C一起等等)的系统。在采用类似于“A、B或C等等中的至少一个”的惯用语的这些情况下，一般说来这种结构将包括但不局限于具有仅A、仅B、仅C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起和/或A、B和C一起等等)的系统。不论是在说明书、权利要求或附图中，表示两个或更多个替代术语的任何分离的词语或短语可以预期包括术语之一、术语中任一者或术语两者的可能性。例如，短语“A或B”包括“A”或“B”或“A和B”的可能性。
另外，在本公开的特征和方面依据马库什组说明的情况下，本公开还依据马库什组的任何的单个构件或构件的子群进行说明。
本文中公开的任何范围还包括任何以及全部可能的子范围以及子范围的组合。任何列出的范围可以被容易地识别为充分地描述同一范围以及使同一范围被分解为至少相等的两份、三份、四份、五份、十份等等。作为为限制性示例，本文中所述的每个范围可被容易地分解成下三分之一、中三分之一和上三之一等等。比如为“达到”、“至少”、“大于”、“小于”等的措辞包括所记载的数目并且指代能够随后被分解为如上所述的子范围的范围。最后，范围包括每个单独构件。
本文中说明的技术中的一种或更多种或其任何部分可以在计算机硬件或软件或两者的组合中实施。所述方法能够在本文中说明的方法和附图之后利用标准编程技术在计算机程序中实施。程序代码被用于输入数据以执行本文中说明的功能以及产生输出信息。输出信息被用于比如为显示监视器的一个或更多个输出装置。每个程序可以以高水平程序的或面向对象编程语言实施以与计算机系统通信。然而，如果需要，程序可以以汇编或机器语言执行。无论如何，语言可以是编译语言或解释语言。此外，程序可以在预编程用于该目的的专用集成电路上运行。
每个这种计算机程序可以存储在能够由通用或专用可编程计算机读取的存储介质或装置(例如，ROM或软磁盘)上，用于在存储介质或装置由计算机读取时配置并操作计算机以执行本文中说明的程序。计算机程序还可以在程序执行期间存在于高速缓冲存储器或主存储器中。本文中说明的分析、预处理以及其他方法还可以实施为配置有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，其中如此配置的存储介质使得计算机以特定和预定方式操作以执行本文中说明的功能。在一些实施例中，计算机可读介质是有形的并且本质上是基本非暂时的，例如使得所记录的信息以除仅作为通信信号之外的形式记录。
在一些实施例中，程序产品可以包括信号承载介质。信号承载介质可以包括一个或更多个指令，当通过例如处理器执行指令时，指令可以提供如上所述的功能。在一些实施方式中，信号承载介质可以包括计算机可读介质，比如但不限于硬盘驱动器、光盘(CD)、数字化视频光盘(DVD)、数字磁带、存储器等等。在一些实施方式中，信号承载介质可以包括可记录介质，比如但不限于存储器、读/写(R/W)CD、R/W DVD等等。在一些实施方式中，信号承载介质可以包括通信介质，比如但不限于数字或模拟通信介质(例如，光纤电缆、波导管、有线通信链路、无线通信线路等等)。因此，例如，程序产品可以通过RF信号承载介质传送，在此信号承载介质通过无线通信介质(例如符合IEEE 802.11标准的无线通信介质)传送。
信号和信号处理技术中的任一者可以本质上是数字的或模拟的，或者其组合。
虽然已参照本公开的优选的实施例特别地示出和说明了本公开的一些实施例，但是在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下可以做出形式和细节上的各种变化。

Claims (26)

1.一种可植入式微电极装置，包括：
细长形轴，所述细长形轴具有外壁和远端部，所述细长形轴限定内部腔和多个窗口；
端盖，所述端盖与所述细长形轴的所述远端部联接，所述端盖具有突出到所述细长形轴的所述内部腔内的截锥体端部；
保护管，所述保护管与所述细长形轴的外表面联接并且覆盖多个窗口中的每一个的一部分，以及
探针组件，所述探针组件包括多个柔性销，所述多个柔性销中的每一个构造成用于以至少部分地由所述端盖的所述截锥体端部和所述保护管的远端部限定的退出角通过所述多个窗口中的不同的一个展开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
所述多个柔性销构造成沿着所述端盖的截锥体端部和所述保护管的远端部滑动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
微型机电系统(MEMS)部件，所述微型机电系统(MEMS)部件包括第一组多个MEMS腿，所述第一组多个MEMS腿中的每一个与所述多个柔性销之一的外表面对准并且联接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，包括：
第二组多个MEMS腿，所述第二组多个MEMS腿通过可折叠条带联接至所述第一组多个MEMS腿，所述第二组多个MEMS腿中的每一个与所述多个柔性销之一的内表面对准并且联接。
5.根据权利要求3所述的装置，所述第一组多个MEMS腿中的每一个包括至少一个电极。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
所述保护管，所述保护管包括聚合物材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
所述保护管，所述保护管相对于所述多个柔性销具有在大约0.5与大约0.01之间的摩擦系数。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
所述保护管，所述保护管相对于所述多个柔性销具有在大约0.2与大约0.01之间的摩擦系数。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
所述保护管和所述多个柔性销，所述保护管和所述多个柔性销由相同的基底材料制成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述端盖限定中心通道。
11.根据权利要求10所述的装置，包括：
探针组件，所述探针组件具有构造成用于通过所述端盖的所述中心通道展开的中心销。
12.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述退出角的最小值由所述端盖的所述截锥体限定，所述退出角的最大值由所述保护管的所述远端部限定。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中，所述细长形轴的所述外壁中的所述多个窗口包括至少四个窗口。
14.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
平移系统，所述平移系统包括平移环和平移器杆，所述平移系统构造成将所述平移环的旋转运动转换成所述平移器杆的轴向运动。
15.根据权利要求14所述的装置，包括：
所述平移器杆与所述探针组件联接。
16.根据权利要求14所述的装置，包括：
第二平移环，所述第二平移环构造成将所述第二平移环的旋转运动转换成轴向运动以使中心销通过所述端盖的中心通道展开。
17.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括：
警报器，所述警报器构造成指示所述多个柔性销中的至少一个何时展开。
18.一种获取神经活动信息的方法，包括：
在神经目标的附近区域内植入微电极装置，所述微电极装置包括：
细长形轴，所述细长形轴具有外壁和远端部，所述细长形轴限定内部腔，所述外壁限定多个窗口；
端盖，所述端盖与所述细长形轴的所述远端部联接，所述端盖具有突出到所述细长形轴的所述内部腔内的截锥体端部；
保护管，所述保护管与所述细长形轴的外表面联接并且覆盖多个窗口中的每一个的一部分，以及
探针组件，所述探针组件包括多个柔性销，所述多个柔性销中的每一个包括多个电极位置；以及
以至少部分地由所述端盖的所述截锥体端部和所述保护管的远端部限定的退出角通过所述多个窗口中的不同的一个展开所述多个柔性销中的至少一个。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法，包括：
使所述微电极装置与立体定向设备联接。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法，还包括：
使所述微电极装置的第一平移器环旋转以通过所述多个窗口中的不同的一个展开所述多个柔性销中的至少一个。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法，还包括：
使所述微电极装置的第二平移器环旋转以通过所述端盖的中心通道展开中心销。
22.根据权利要求18所述的方法，还包括：
使所述多个柔性销中的至少一个通过所述多个窗口中的不同的一个缩回。
23.根据权利要求18所述的方法，还包括：
将所述微电极装置联接至神经记录和神经刺激装置；以及
利用所述多个电极位置记录神经活动。
24.根据权利要求18所述的方法，包括：
使所述多个柔性销沿着所述端盖的所述截锥体端部和所述保护管的远端部滑动。
25.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述退出角的最小值由所述端盖的所述截锥体限定，所述退出角的最大值由所述保护管的所述远端部限定。
26.根据权利要求18所述的方法，其中，所述细长形轴的所述外壁中的所述多个窗口包括至少四个窗口。
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