CN106452567A - Railway safety monitoring system and monitoring method - Google Patents
Railway safety monitoring system and monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106452567A CN106452567A CN201610576448.7A CN201610576448A CN106452567A CN 106452567 A CN106452567 A CN 106452567A CN 201610576448 A CN201610576448 A CN 201610576448A CN 106452567 A CN106452567 A CN 106452567A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/07—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems
- H04B10/071—Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems; Arrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR]
Abstract
the invention provides a railway safety monitoring system and monitoring method. The system comprises one and more phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometers arranged along a railway, corresponding data processing units, coaxial cables, a first network photoelectric transceiver, a communication optical cable along the railway, a second network photoelectric transceiver, and a server. According to the system and method, the railway safety is monitored by employing the conventional communication optical cable, the cost is low, passive distributed detection is realized, electromagnetic interference resistance is achieved, the development of the field of the railway optical cable safety monitoring system is greatly promoted, and good guarantee is provided for monitoring of railway train operation, infrastructure safety, and illegal authorization construction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway security, particularly a kind of railway security monitoring system and monitoring method.
Background technology
With the development of China railways cause, the importance of railway operation safety and communication is more and more significant.Railway communication
The safe condition of optical cable is related to the normal operation of whole railway transportation.But, the illegal or violation construction etc. of Along Railway
Often can cause the fracture of railway communication optical cable.Traditionally, the modes using manual patrol more, efficiency is low, and by perambulator
Many factors impacts such as the responsibility consciousness of member, make an inspection tour effect limited.
Prior art one【Min Yongzhi, Party building is military, Zhang Yanpeng. railway signal cable disconnection fault on-line monitoring and positioning side
Method research. computer measurement and control, 20 (4):910-913,2012.】Realized to cable in stock by the principle measuring impedance
On-line monitoring, the fault such as broken string that can find signal cable in time, accurately, but which can only be to railway communication cable
Carry out fault location, but cannot detect the state of communications optical cable.
Prior art two【Zhao Shuxu, Sun Shouchuan, Party building is military, based on the interval cable of the related railway signal of improved secondary
Fault detect, data acquisition and procession, Vol.29, No.5:815-820,2014】By setting up sequence sequential bounce technique/extension
The detection model of time domain frequency domain bounce technique (STDR/SSTDR), it is achieved the detection of the faults such as railway signal cable open circuit, short circuit, solves
Precision problem under distance of having determined.But still fault detect can only be carried out to railway communication cable, it is impossible to detection Communication ray
The state of cable.
Prior art three【Zhengqing Pan,Kezhen Liang,Qing Ye,Haiwen Cai,Ronghui Qu,
Zujie Fang.Phase-sensitive OTDR system based on digital coherent
detection.SPIE-OSA-IEEE/Vol.8311】Propose the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of digital demodulation and amplitude,
The demodulation formula of phase information, but phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer is not applied to railway security monitoring.
Additionally, optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) is usually used in the positioning of communications optical cable fault.Existing detection technique mostly can only
Fault detect and positioning are individually carried out to communications optical cable or cable.Meanwhile, these technology all play a role after fault occurs,
And information cannot be provided for the prevention of optical cable fault.
Content of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming in first technology, it is an object of the invention to, propose a kind of railway security monitoring system
And monitoring method, this monitoring system uses existing communications optical cable monitoring railway security, has spy with low cost, passive distributed
The advantages such as survey, anti-electromagnetic interference.The present invention by greatly promoting the development in railway light cable safety monitoring system field, is also not only
Railways train operation, infrastructure security, illegal mandate construction monitoring provide well guarantee.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
A kind of railway security monitoring system, its feature is, this system include that Along Railway arranges one and above
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, corresponding data processing unit, coaxial cable, first network optoelectronic transceivers, downline
Communications optical cable, the second network optoelectronic transceivers and a server, the optical side of described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer
Mouth is connected with the sensor fibre of downline；The output port of described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer by coaxial cable with
The data acquisition port of described data processing unit is connected, and the output of described data processing unit passes through first network light
Electricity transceiver, the communications optical cable of downline, the second network optoelectronic transceivers are connected with the network port of described server, institute
The server stated is communicated with each station of Along Railway by described communications optical cable.
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer is that the phase sensitive optical time domain of double optical port coherent detection structure is anti-
Penetrate meter, including laser instrument, the first fiber coupler, the second fiber coupler, the 3rd fiber coupler, the 4th fiber coupler,
5th fiber coupler, pulse-modulator, the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator, the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector
With the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector, its annexation is as follows：
The laser of described laser instrument output through the first fiber coupler be connected respectively to the 4th fiber coupler one defeated
Entering end and the second fiber coupler, two outputs of the second fiber coupler be connected respectively to the 5th fiber coupler one is defeated
Entering end and pulse-modulator, the output of this pulse-modulator is connected respectively to the first fiber optical circulator through the 3rd fiber coupler
A port and a port of the second fiber optical circulator, the b port of the first fiber optical circulator, the b port of the second fiber optical circulator divide
Not being the first optical port, the second optical port, the c port of the first described fiber optical circulator is connected to the 4th fiber coupler
Another input, the c port of the second fiber optical circulator connects another input port of the 5th fiber coupler；4th optical fiber
The output of coupler connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector, and the output of the 5th fiber coupler connects the second double flat weighing apparatus light electrical resistivity survey
Surveying device, the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector electricity output port connects the first coaxial cable, the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector
Electricity output port connects the second coaxial cable.
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer is that the phase sensitive optical time domain of single optical port coherent detection structure is anti-
Penetrate meter, including laser instrument, the first fiber coupler, the 4th fiber coupler, pulse-modulator, the first fiber optical circulator and first
Double flat weighing apparatus photodetector, the laser of described laser instrument output is connected respectively to the 4th optical fiber coupling through the first fiber coupler
One input of device and pulse-modulator, the output of this pulse-modulator is connected to a port of the first fiber optical circulator, and first
The b port of fiber optical circulator is optical port, and the c port of the first fiber optical circulator connects another input of the 4th fiber coupler
End, the output of the 4th fiber coupler connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector, the electricity of the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector
Output port is connected with the data acquisition port of described and described data processing unit by the first coaxial cable.
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer uses the phase sensitive optical time domain of double optical port direct detection structure
Reflectometer, including laser instrument, pulse-modulator, the 3rd fiber coupler, the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator,
One normal light electric explorer and the second normal light electric explorer, the laser pulse modulated device of described laser instrument output is connected to
The input of the 3rd fiber coupler, two outputs of the 3rd fiber coupler are connected respectively to a of the first fiber optical circulator
The a port of port and the second fiber optical circulator, the b port of the first fiber optical circulator and the b port of the second fiber optical circulator are respectively
Connecting the first optical port, the second optical port, the c port of the first fiber optical circulator and the c port of the second fiber optical circulator divide
Do not connect the first normal light electric explorer and the second normal light electric explorer, the electricity output port of the first normal light electric explorer
Connect the first coaxial cable, the second coaxial cable with the electricity output port of the second normal light electric explorer respectively.
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer uses double optical port coherent detection and direct detection and by structure
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, including laser instrument, the first fiber coupler, the 3rd fiber coupler, the 4th fiber coupler,
Pulse-modulator, the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator, the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector and the second normal light electrical resistivity survey
Surveying device, the laser of described laser instrument output is connected respectively to an input of the 4th fiber coupler through the first fiber coupler
End and the input of pulse-modulator, the output of described pulse-modulator is connected respectively to first through the 3rd fiber coupler
The a port of fiber optical circulator, a port of the second fiber optical circulator, the b port of the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator
B port connect the first optical port, the second optical port respectively, the c port of the first fiber optical circulator and the second optical fiber ring
The c port of device is connected respectively to another input of the 4th fiber coupler and the input of the second normal light electric explorer, the
The output of four fiber couplers connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector, the electricity output of the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector
The electricity output port of mouth and the second normal light electric explorer connects the first coaxial cable, the second coaxial cable respectively.
Utilizing above-mentioned railway safety system to carry out the monitoring method of railway security, the method mainly includes 4 steps：
1) the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer described in passes through optical port to described sensor fibre emission detection light arteries and veins
Punching, x time is denoted as τ0, record the Rayleigh scattering light returning along the line from sensor fibre；Time of return τ meter according to scattered light
Calculate corresponding scattering point position z=(τ-τ0)c/(2n0), wherein c/n0For light wave transmission speed in a fiber；
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, by repeating to send detecting optical pulses, records described sensor fibre
The time change of Rayleigh scattering light, the corresponding signal of telecommunication is that (z, t), t is the delivery time of detecting optical pulses to I, adjacent pulse
Time interval Δ t and distance sensing L has following relation：Δ t ＜ 2n0L/c；
2) to the signal of telecommunication I collecting, (z, t) is demodulated the data processing unit described in, rebuilds vibration by following equations
Signal：WhereinCarrier frequency equal to beat signal；
3) signal to demodulation for the data processing unit described in is analyzed：
First, described data processing unit need in advance according to big machinery operation to be monitored, small-sized machine operation,
The disturbing signal of manual work sets relevant parameter threshold value：
1. for vibration signal V, (z, amplitude information t) set amplitude threshold VthCentre bit for Preliminary detection disturbance
Putting, definition is more than predetermined threshold value VthPart vibration signal V (z, t) be referred to as disturbing signal V (z0,t0)；
2. scope is involved in the space for disturbing signal, sets fractional threshold rth1、rth2：
(z, t) with z for vibration signal V0Centered on less spatial dimension S1, larger space scope S2Interior space average
Value is respectively defined asLess spatial dimension S1Close to disturbing
The minimum space scope of dynamic signal, larger space scope S2Maximum space scope not less than disturbing signal；Fractional threshold rth1、
rth2Being set according to the spatial distribution characteristic of disturbing signal, concrete numerical value is optimized by test and experience, to obtain
Good effect
3. the amplitude information for disturbing signal, sets space average threshold value ERth；
4. the duration T defining vibration is that vibration signal maintains more than amplitude threshold VthTime, corresponding threshold value is
Tth, meanwhile, define position, center of disturbance z0The time average of the disturbing signal at place：And threshold
Value ETth；
Secondly, to vibration signal V, (z, t) is analyzed described data processing unit, extracts more than predetermined threshold value Vth
Part be referred to as disturbing signal V (z0,t0), it is thus achieved that the center z of disturbance0Central instant t with disturbance0, and by this centre bit
Put z0Neighbouring vibration variable signal V (z0, t) as signal to be identified；
Finally, described data processing unit is to position, center of disturbance z0Vibration variable signal V (z0, t) carry out the time special
Space characteristics of seeking peace is comprehensive to be analyzed, it is thus achieved that corresponding parameter：Smaller range spatial averaging ER1, spatial averaging in a big way
ER2, time average ET, duration T：
A) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＞ rth1, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, it is small-sized machine operation；
B) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＜ rth1, ER2＞ ERth, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, it is big machinery
Operation；
C) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＜ rth2, ER2≤ERth, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, for people's work
Industry；
The corresponding result of described data processing unit, i.e. warning message are sent to described server：
4) warning message to each data processing unit for the server described in is integrated, and maps that to railway coordinate
System, sends warning by communications optical cable to the user terminal of respective regions, and notice railway relevant staff take to arrange accordingly
Execute；Meanwhile, All Alerts information is achieved by described server, facilitates relevant staff to inquire about, has access to.
The features and advantages of the invention are：
1st, the present invention can detect the destruction situations such as dangerous construction operation before accident occurs, and is prevented effectively from accidents caused.
2nd, can realize distributed dynamic vibration detection, positioning precision is high, and not only beneficially system accurately finds dangerous operation,
And after accident occurs, also help assistance railway relevant staff and investigate fault in time.
3rd, monitoring sensitivity of the present invention is high, can effectively utilize railway existing communication optical cable as sensor fibre, it is achieved edge
The detection of line disturbance situation, it is not necessary to additionally lay optical cable, reduce application cost and equipment set-up time.
4th, the Along Railway communications optical cable that present system is used is inactive component, it is not necessary to increase power supply unit along road,
Application cost is cheap, time cost is low.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing of railway security of the present invention monitoring system embodiment one；
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment one of railway security of the present invention monitoring system；
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of railway security monitoring method of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment two in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment three in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment four in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the system construction drawing of railway security of the present invention monitoring system embodiment two；
Fig. 8 is the system construction drawing of railway security of the present invention monitoring system embodiment three；
Fig. 9 is the system construction drawing of railway security of the present invention monitoring system embodiment four；
Figure 10 is the system construction drawing of railway security of the present invention monitoring system embodiment five.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but is not limited to this.Think of according to the present invention
Think, some implementations can be used.Following several scheme is only used as the explanation of this invention thought, concrete scheme not office
It is limited to this.
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment one in the present invention, is to use double optical port, the knot of coherent detection
Structure, as shown in Figure 2.Including laser instrument 1_1, the first fiber coupler 1_2, the second fiber coupler 1_3, the 3rd fiber coupler
1_5, the 4th fiber coupler 1_12, the 5th fiber coupler 1_22, pulse-modulator 1_4, the first fiber optical circulator 1_11,
Two fiber optical circulator 1_21, the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_13, the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_23.
The laser of laser instrument 1_1 exports through the first fiber coupler 1_2, is connected respectively to the 4th fiber coupler 1_12's
One input and the second fiber coupler 1_3.The two-way output of the second fiber coupler 1_3 is connected respectively to the 5th optical fiber coupling
One input of device 1_22 and pulse-modulator 1_4.The output of pulse-modulator 1_4, through the 3rd fiber coupler 1_5, connects respectively
Receive the first fiber optical circulator 1_11, a port of the second fiber optical circulator 1_21.First fiber optical circulator 1_11, the second optical fiber
The b port of circulator 1_21 connects the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port 102 respectively.First fiber optical circulator 1_11,
The c port of the second fiber optical circulator 1_21 is then connected respectively to the 4th fiber coupler 1_12's and the 5th fiber coupler 1_22
Another input.4th fiber coupler 1_12, the output of the 5th fiber coupler 1_22 connect the first double flat weighing apparatus photoelectricity respectively
Detector 1_13, the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_23.First double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_13, the second double flat weighing apparatus light electrical resistivity survey
The electricity output port surveying device 1_23 connects the first coaxial cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable 202.
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment two in the present invention, is to use single optical port, the knot of coherent detection
Structure, as shown in Figure 4.Including laser instrument 1_1, the first fiber coupler 1_2, the 4th fiber coupler 1_12, pulse-modulator 1_
4, the first fiber optical circulator 1_11, first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_13.
The laser of laser instrument 1_1 exports through the first fiber coupler 1_2, is connected respectively to the 4th fiber coupler 1_12's
One input and pulse-modulator 1_4.The output of pulse-modulator 1_4 is connected to a port of the first fiber optical circulator 1_11.The
The b port of one fiber optical circulator 1_11 connects the first optical port 101.The c port of the first fiber optical circulator 1_11 is then connected to
Another input of 4th fiber coupler 1_12.The output of the 4th fiber coupler 1_12 connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetection
Device 1_13.The electricity output port of the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_13 connects the first coaxial cable 201.
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment three in the present invention, is to use double optical port, the knot of direct detection
Structure, as shown in Figure 5.Including laser instrument 1_1, the 3rd fiber coupler 1_5, pulse-modulator 1_4, first fiber optical circulator 1_
11st, the second fiber optical circulator 1_21, the first normal light electric explorer 1_14, the second normal light electric explorer 1_24.
The laser output pulse modulated device 1_4 of laser instrument 1_1 is connected to the 3rd fiber coupler 1_5.3rd optical fiber coupling
The two-way output of clutch 1_5 is connected respectively to the first fiber optical circulator 1_11, a port of the second fiber optical circulator 1_21.First
Fiber optical circulator 1_11, the b port of the second fiber optical circulator 1_21 connect the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port respectively
102.First fiber optical circulator 1_11, the c port of the second fiber optical circulator 1_21 are then connected respectively to the first common photodetection
Device 1_14, the second normal light electric explorer 1_24.First normal light electric explorer 1_14, the second normal light electric explorer 1_24
Electricity output port connects the first coaxial cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable 202.
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer embodiment four in the present invention, is to use double optical port, coherent detection with straight
Connect the structure of detection, as shown in Figure 6.Including laser instrument 1_1, the first fiber coupler 1_2, the 3rd fiber coupler 1_5,
4th fiber coupler 1_12, pulse-modulator 1_4, first fiber optical circulator 1_11, the second fiber optical circulator 1_21, first pair
Balance photodetector 1_13, the second normal light electric explorer 1_24.
The laser of laser instrument 1_1 exports through the first fiber coupler 1_2, is connected respectively to the 4th fiber coupler 1_12's
One input and pulse-modulator 1_4.The output of pulse-modulator 1_4, through the 3rd fiber coupler 1_5, is connected respectively to first
Fiber optical circulator 1_11, a port of the second fiber optical circulator 1_21.First fiber optical circulator 1_11, the second fiber optical circulator 1_
The b port of 21 connects the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port 102 respectively.First fiber optical circulator 1_11, the second optical fiber
The c port of circulator 1_21 is then connected respectively to another input and the second common photodetection of the 4th fiber coupler 1_12
Device 1_24.The output of the 4th fiber coupler 1_12 connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector 1_13.First double flat weighing apparatus light electrical resistivity survey
Survey device 1_13, the electricity output port of the second normal light electric explorer 1_24 connects the first coaxial cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable
202.
Embodiment for railway security of the present invention monitoring system below.
Embodiment one, is the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of single single optical port phase, the system of individual data processing unit
Structure, as shown in Figure 1.Including sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 1st, the first optical port the 101st, the first data processing unit of first phase
2nd, server the 3rd, the first sensor fibre the 5th, the first coaxial cable the 201st, first network optoelectronic transceivers the 203rd, the 4th network photoelectricity is received
Send out device 301 and communications optical cable 4.
The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase is connected to the first sensor fibre 5 by the first optical port 101.First
Sensor fibre 5 can be a core of the existing communications optical cable of Along Railway.The signal of telecommunication of the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase is defeated
Go out and be connected to the first data processing unit 2 by the first coaxial cable 201.The output of the first data processing unit 2 is by the
One network optoelectronic transceivers 203 is connected to communications optical cable 4.Server 3 is connected to communication by the 4th network optoelectronic transceivers 301
Optical cable 4.
Embodiment two, is multiple pairs of optical port phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometers, the systems of multiple data processing unit
Structure, as shown in Figure 7.Including the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 1st, the second phase of first phase the 11st, the 3rd
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 21, the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port the 102nd, the 3rd optical port the 1101st, the 4th
Optical port the 1102nd, the 5th optical port the 2101st, the 6th optical port 2102, the 2nd, the second data process of the first data processing unit
Unit the 12nd, the 3rd data processing unit 22, server 3, the first sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre the 6th, the 3rd sensor fibre is the 15th,
4th sensor fibre the 16th, the 5th sensor fibre the 25th, the 6th sensor fibre 26, the first coaxial cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable is the 202nd,
Triaxial cable the 1201st, the 4th coaxial cable the 1202nd, the 5th coaxial cable the 2201st, the 6th coaxial cable 2202, first network
Optoelectronic transceivers the 203rd, the second network optoelectronic transceivers the 1203rd, the 3rd network optoelectronic transceivers the 2203rd, the 4th network optoelectronic transceiver
Device 301 and communications optical cable 4.
During the sensitive light of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 11st, the third phase of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 1st, the second phase of first phase
Domain reflectometer 21 passes through the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port 102, the 3rd optical port the 1101st, the 4th optical side respectively
Mouth 1102, the 5th optical port the 2101st, the 6th optical port 2102 is connected to the first sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre 6, the
Three sensor fibres the 15th, the 4th sensor fibre 16, the 5th sensor fibre the 25th, the 6th sensor fibre 26.First sensor fibre the 5th, second
Sensor fibre 6, the 3rd sensor fibre the 15th, the 4th sensor fibre 16, the 5th sensor fibre the 25th, the 6th sensor fibre 26 can be distinguished
A core for the existing communications optical cable of Along Railway.The sensitive optical time domain reflection of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 1st, the second phase of first phase
The two-way electrical output signal of the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 21 of meter the 11st, third phase is respectively by the first coaxial cable the 201st, second
Coaxial cable 202, triaxial cable the 1201st, the 4th coaxial cable 1202, the 5th coaxial cable the 2201st, the 6th coaxial cable
2202 connection the first data processing unit the 2nd, the second data processing unit the 12nd, the 3rd data processing units 22.First data process
Unit the 2nd, the second data processing unit the 12nd, the 3rd data processing unit 22 is respectively by first network optoelectronic transceivers the 203rd, second
Network optoelectronic transceivers the 1203rd, the 3rd network optoelectronic transceivers 2203 is connected to communications optical cable 4.Server 3 passes through the 4th network
Optoelectronic transceivers 301 is connected to communications optical cable 4.
Embodiment three, is single pair of optical port phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, the system of individual data processing unit
Structure, as shown in Figure 8.Including the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase, the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port 102,
First data processing unit 2, server 3, the first sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre 6, the first coaxial cable the 201st, second with
Shaft cable 202, first network optoelectronic transceivers the 203rd, the 4th network optoelectronic transceivers 301 and communications optical cable 4.
The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase is connected by the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port 102 respectively
To the first sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre 6.First sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre 6 both can be respectively Along Railway
There is a core of communications optical cable.The two-way electrical output signal of the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase is coaxial by first respectively
Cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable 202 connects the first data processing unit 2.First data processing unit 2 passes through first network light
Electricity transceiver 203 is connected to communications optical cable 4.Server 3 is connected to communications optical cable 4 by the 4th network optoelectronic transceivers 301.
Embodiment four, is the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of multiple single optical port phase, the system of multiple data processing unit
Structure, as shown in Figure 9.Including the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 1st, the second phase of first phase the 11st, the 3rd
Phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 21, the second optical port the 102nd, the 4th optical port the 1102nd, the 6th optical port 2102, first
Data processing unit the 2nd, the second data processing unit the 12nd, the 3rd data processing unit 22, server 3, the second sensor fibre the 6th,
Four sensor fibres the 16th, the 6th sensor fibre 26, the second coaxial cable the 202nd, the 4th coaxial cable the 1202nd, the 6th coaxial cable
2202, first network optoelectronic transceivers the 203rd, the second network optoelectronic transceivers the 1203rd, the 3rd network optoelectronic transceivers the 2203rd, the 4th
Network optoelectronic transceivers 301, and communications optical cable 4.
During the sensitive light of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 11st, the third phase of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 1st, the second phase of first phase
Domain reflectometer 21 is connected to second by the second optical port the 102nd, the 4th optical port the 1102nd, the 6th optical port 2102 respectively
Sensor fibre the 6th, the 4th sensor fibre the 16th, the 6th sensor fibre 26.Second sensor fibre the 6th, the 4th sensor fibre the 16th, the 6th sensing
Optical fiber 26 can be the diverse location section of a core of the existing communications optical cable of Along Railway.The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of first phase
1st, the signal of telecommunication output of the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 21 of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer the 11st, the third phase of second phase is respectively by the
Two coaxial cables the 202nd, the 4th coaxial cable the 1202nd, the 6th coaxial cable 2202 is connected to the first data processing unit the 2nd, second
Data processing unit the 12nd, the 3rd data processing unit 22.First data processing unit the 2nd, the second data processing unit the 12nd, the 3rd number
It is connected to lead to by the second network optoelectronic transceivers the 1203rd, the 3rd network optoelectronic transceivers 2203 according to the output of processing unit 22
Letter optical cable 4.Server 3 connects communications optical cable 4 by the 4th network optoelectronic transceivers 301.
Embodiment five, when being the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of multiple single optical port phase and double optical port phase sensitive light
Domain reflectometer by, the system architecture of multiple data processing unit, as shown in Figure 10.Including the sensitive optical time domain reflection of first phase
The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 11 of meter the 1st, second phase, the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port the 102nd, the 3rd optical port
1101, the first data processing unit the 2nd, the second data processing unit 12, server 3, the first sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre
6th, the 3rd sensor fibre 15, the first coaxial cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable the 202nd, triaxial cable 1201, first network light
Electricity transceiver the 203rd, the second network optoelectronic transceivers the 1203rd, the 4th network optoelectronic transceivers 301 and communications optical cable 4.
The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase is connected by the first optical port the 101st, the second optical port 102 respectively
To the first sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre 6；The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of second phase 11 passes through the 3rd optical port 1101
Connect the 3rd sensor fibre 15.First sensor fibre the 5th, the second sensor fibre the 6th, the 3rd sensor fibre 15 can for Along Railway both
There is the diverse location section of a core of communications optical cable.The two path signal output of the sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 1 of first phase is respectively
Connected two inputs of the first data processing unit 2 by the first coaxial cable the 201st, the second coaxial cable 202；Second phase
The signal of telecommunication output of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer 11 is connected to the second data processing unit 12 by triaxial cable 1201.The
The output of one data processing unit the 2nd, the second data processing unit 12 is respectively by first network optoelectronic transceivers the 203rd, second
Network optoelectronic transceivers 1203 connects communications optical cable 4.Server 3 connects communications optical cable by the 4th network optoelectronic transceivers 301
4.
Railway security monitoring method of the present invention, the method mainly includes 4 steps：
1) the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer described in passes through optical port to described sensor fibre emission detection light arteries and veins
Punching, x time is denoted as τ0, record the Rayleigh scattering light returning along the line from sensor fibre；Time of return τ meter according to scattered light
Calculate corresponding scattering point position z=(τ-τ0)c/(2n0), wherein c/n0For light wave transmission speed in a fiber；
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer, by repeating to send detecting optical pulses, records described sensor fibre
The time change of Rayleigh scattering light, the corresponding signal of telecommunication is that (z, t), t is the delivery time of detecting optical pulses to I, adjacent pulse
Time interval Δ t and distance sensing L has following relation：Δ t ＜ 2n0L/c；
2) to the signal of telecommunication I collecting, (z, t) is demodulated the data processing unit described in, rebuilds vibration by following equations
Signal：WhereinCarrier frequency equal to beat signal；
3) signal to demodulation for the data processing unit described in is analyzed：
First, described data processing unit need in advance according to big machinery operation to be monitored, small-sized machine operation,
The disturbing signal of manual work sets relevant parameter threshold value：
1. for vibration signal V, (z, amplitude information t) set amplitude threshold VthCentre bit for Preliminary detection disturbance
Putting, definition is more than predetermined threshold value VthPart vibration signal V (z, t) be referred to as disturbing signal V (z0,t0)；
2. scope is involved in the space for disturbing signal, sets fractional threshold rth1、rth2：
(z, t) with z for vibration signal V0Centered on less spatial dimension S1, larger space scope S2Interior space average
Value is respectively defined asLess spatial dimension S1Close to disturbing
The minimum space scope of dynamic signal, larger space scope S2Maximum space scope not less than disturbing signal；Fractional threshold rth1、
rth2Being set according to the spatial distribution characteristic of disturbing signal, concrete numerical value is optimized by test and experience, to obtain
Good effect
3. the amplitude information for disturbing signal, sets space average threshold value ERth；
4. the duration T defining vibration is that vibration signal maintains more than amplitude threshold VthTime, corresponding threshold value is
Tth, meanwhile, define position, center of disturbance z0The time average of the disturbing signal at place：And threshold
Value ETth；
Secondly, to vibration signal V, (z, t) is analyzed described data processing unit, extracts more than predetermined threshold value Vth
Part be referred to as disturbing signal V (z0,t0), it is thus achieved that the center z of disturbance0Central instant t with disturbance0, and by this centre bit
Put z0Neighbouring vibration variable signal V (z0, t) as signal to be identified；
Finally, described data processing unit is to position, center of disturbance z0Vibration variable signal V (z0, t) carry out the time special
Space characteristics of seeking peace is comprehensive to be analyzed, it is thus achieved that corresponding parameter：Smaller range spatial averaging ER1, spatial averaging in a big way
ER2, time average ET, duration T：
A) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＞ rth1, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, it is small-sized machine operation；
B) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＜ rth1, ER2＞ ERth, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, it is big machinery
Operation；
C) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＜ rth2, ER2≤ERth, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, for people's work
Industry；
Described data processing unit is by above-mentioned corresponding result, i.e. warning message is sent to described server；
4) warning message to each data processing unit for the server described in is integrated, and maps that to railway coordinate
System, sends warning by communications optical cable to the user terminal of respective regions, and notice railway relevant staff take to arrange accordingly
Execute；Meanwhile, All Alerts information is achieved by described server, facilitates relevant staff to inquire about, has access to.
Above scheme all can carry out multiple expansion or deformation, simply repeats no more as space is limited, but belongs to this patent.
Should not illustrate according to this to limit the scope of the invention.
Experiment shows, the present invention uses existing communications optical cable monitoring railway security, has with low cost, passive distributed
The advantages such as detection, anti-electromagnetic interference.The present invention not only will greatly promote the development in railway light cable safety monitoring system field, also
Provide well guarantee for railways train operation, infrastructure security, illegal mandate construction monitoring.
Claims (6)
1. a railway security monitoring system, it is characterised in that this system includes and the above phase that Along Railway is arranged
The sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (1) in position, corresponding data processing unit (2), coaxial cable (201), first network optoelectronic transceivers
(203), the communications optical cable (4) of downline, the second network optoelectronic transceivers (301) and a server (3), described phase place
The optical port (101) of sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (1) is connected with the sensor fibre (5) of downline；Described phase sensitive
The output port of optical time domain reflectometer (1) is by the data acquisition end of coaxial cable (201) and described data processing unit (2)
Mouthful be connected, the output of described data processing unit (2) by first network optoelectronic transceivers (203), downline logical
Letter optical cable (4), the second network optoelectronic transceivers (301) are connected with the network port of described server (3), described server
(3) communicated with each station of Along Railway by described communications optical cable (4).
2. railway security according to claim 1 monitoring system, it is characterised in that described phase sensitive optical time domain reflection
Meter is the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of double optical port coherent detection structure, including laser instrument (1_1), the first optical fiber coupling
Device (1_2), the second fiber coupler (1_3), the 3rd fiber coupler (1_5), the 4th fiber coupler (1_12), the 5th optical fiber
Coupler (1_22), pulse-modulator (1_4), the first fiber optical circulator (1_11), the second fiber optical circulator (1_21), first pair
Balance photodetector (1_13), the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_23), its annexation is as follows：
The laser that described laser instrument (1_1) exports, through the first fiber coupler (1_2), is connected respectively to the 4th fiber coupler
(input of 1_12 and the second fiber coupler (1_3), two outputs of the second fiber coupler (1_3) are connected respectively to
One input of the 5th fiber coupler (1_22) and pulse-modulator (1_4), (output of 1_4 is through the 3rd for pulse-modulator
Fiber coupler (1_5) is connected respectively to a port of the first fiber optical circulator (1_11) and a of the second fiber optical circulator (1_21)
Port, b port, the b port of the second fiber optical circulator (1_21) of the first fiber optical circulator (1_11) are respectively the first optical side
Mouth (101), the second optical port (102), the c port of described the first fiber optical circulator (1_11) is connected to the 4th optical fiber coupling
Another input of device (1_12), the c port of the second fiber optical circulator (1_21) connects the another of the 5th fiber coupler (1_22)
One input port；The output of the 4th fiber coupler (1_12) connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_13), the 5th optical fiber
The output of coupler (1_22) connects the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_23), the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_13) electricity
Learning output port and connecting the first coaxial cable (201), the electricity output port of the second double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_23) connects
Second coaxial cable (202).
3. described railway security monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during described phase sensitive light
Domain reflectometer is the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of single optical port coherent detection structure, including laser instrument (1_1), the first light
Fine coupler (1_2), the 4th fiber coupler (1_12), pulse-modulator (1_4), the first fiber optical circulator (1_11) and first
Double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_13), the laser of described laser instrument output is connected respectively to the 4th light through the first fiber coupler
One input of fine coupler and pulse-modulator, the output of this pulse-modulator is connected to a end of the first fiber optical circulator
Mouthful, the b port of the first fiber optical circulator is optical port (101), and the c port of the first fiber optical circulator connects the 4th optical fiber coupling
Another input of device (1-12), the output of the 4th fiber coupler connects the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1-13), the
The electricity output port of a pair of balance photodetector is by the first coaxial cable (201) and described and described data process
The data acquisition port of unit (2) is connected.
4. described railway security monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during described phase sensitive light
Domain reflectometer uses the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of double optical port direct detection structure, including laser instrument (1_1), pulse
Modulator (1_4), the 3rd fiber coupler (1_5), the first fiber optical circulator (1_11), the second fiber optical circulator (1_21),
One normal light electric explorer (1_14) and the second normal light electric explorer (1_24), the laser of described laser instrument output is through pulse
Modulator is connected to the input of the 3rd fiber coupler, and two outputs of the 3rd fiber coupler are connected respectively to the first light
The a port of fine circulator and a port of the second fiber optical circulator, the b port of the first fiber optical circulator and the second fiber optical circulator
B port connect the first optical port, the second optical port respectively, the c port of the first fiber optical circulator and the second optical fiber ring
The c port of device connects the first normal light electric explorer and the second normal light electric explorer respectively, the first normal light electric explorer
The electricity output port of electricity output port and the second normal light electric explorer connects the first coaxial cable, the second coaxial electrical respectively
Cable.
5. described railway security monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during described phase sensitive light
Domain reflectometer uses double optical port coherent detection and direct detection and with the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer of structure, including swash
Light device (1_1), the first fiber coupler (1_2), the 3rd fiber coupler (1_5), the 4th fiber coupler (1_12), pulse are adjusted
Device processed (1_4), the first fiber optical circulator (1_11), the second fiber optical circulator (1_21), the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector (1_
13) and the second normal light electric explorer (1_24), the laser of described laser instrument output connects respectively through the first fiber coupler
To the input of an input of the 4th fiber coupler and pulse-modulator, the output of described pulse-modulator is through
Three fiber couplers are connected respectively to a port of a port of the first fiber optical circulator, the second fiber optical circulator, the first fiber optic loop
The b port of row device, the b port of the second fiber optical circulator connect the first optical port, the second optical port, the first fiber optic loop respectively
The c port of the c port of row device and the second fiber optical circulator is connected respectively to another input and second of the 4th fiber coupler
The input of normal light electric explorer, output connection the first double flat weighing apparatus photodetector of the 4th fiber coupler, first pair
It is same that the electricity output port of the electricity output port of balance photodetector and the second normal light electric explorer connects first respectively
Shaft cable, the second coaxial cable.
6. utilize the railway safety system described in claim 1 to carry out the monitoring method of railway security, it is characterised in that the method
Mainly include 4 steps：
1) the phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer described in, is sent out to described sensor fibre emission detection light pulse by optical port
Penetrating the moment is denoted as τ0, record the Rayleigh scattering light returning along the line from sensor fibre；It is right that time of return τ according to scattered light calculates
The scattering point position z=(τ-τ answering0)c/(2n0), wherein c/n0For light wave transmission speed in a fiber；
Described phase sensitive optical time domain reflectometer is by repeating to send detecting optical pulses, the Rayleigh of the sensor fibre described in record
The time change of scattered light, the corresponding signal of telecommunication is that (z, t), t is the delivery time of detecting optical pulses to I, the time of adjacent pulse
Interval of delta t and distance sensing L have following relation：Δ t ＜ 2n0L/c；
2) to the signal of telecommunication I collecting, (z, t) is demodulated the data processing unit described in, rebuilds vibration letter by following equations
Number：WhereinCarrier frequency equal to beat signal；
3) signal to demodulation for the data processing unit described in is analyzed：
First, described data processing unit needs in advance according to big machinery operation to be monitored, small-sized machine operation, artificial
The disturbing signal of operation sets relevant parameter threshold value：
1. for vibration signal V, (z, amplitude information t) set amplitude threshold VthFor the center of Preliminary detection disturbance,
Definition is more than predetermined threshold value VthPart vibration signal V (z, t) be referred to as disturbing signal V (z0,t0)；
2. scope is involved in the space for disturbing signal, sets fractional threshold rth1、rth2：
(z, t) with z for vibration signal V0Centered on less spatial dimension S1, larger space scope S2Interior spatial averaging divides
It is not defined asLess spatial dimension S1Close to disturbance letter
Number minimum space scope, larger space scope S2Maximum space scope not less than disturbing signal；Fractional threshold rth1、rth2Root
Being set according to the spatial distribution characteristic of disturbing signal, concrete numerical value is optimized by test and experience, to obtain best effective
Really
3. the amplitude information for disturbing signal, sets space average threshold value ERth；
4. the duration T defining vibration is that vibration signal maintains more than amplitude threshold VthTime, corresponding threshold value is Tth, with
When, define position, center of disturbance z0The time average of the disturbing signal at place：And threshold value ETth；
Secondly, to vibration signal V, (z, t) is analyzed described data processing unit, extracts more than predetermined threshold value VthPortion
Divide and be referred to as disturbing signal V (z0,t0), it is thus achieved that the center z of disturbance0Central instant t with disturbance0, and by this center z0
Neighbouring vibration variable signal V (z0, t) as signal to be identified；
Finally, described data processing unit is to position, center of disturbance z0Vibration variable signal V (z0, t) carry out temporal characteristics and
Space characteristics is comprehensive to be analyzed, it is thus achieved that corresponding parameter：Smaller range spatial averaging ER1, spatial averaging E in a big wayR2, when
Between mean value ET, duration T：
A) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＞ rth1, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, it is small-sized machine operation；
B) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＜ rth1, ER2＞ ERth, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, make for big machinery
Industry；
C) when vibration variable signal meets respectively：ER1/ER2＜ rth2, ER2≤ERth, ET＞ ETth, T ＞ Tth, it is manual work；
Described data processing unit is by above-mentioned corresponding result, i.e. warning message is sent to described server；
4) warning message to each data processing unit for the server described in is integrated, and maps that to railway coordinate system
System, sends warning by communications optical cable to the user terminal of respective regions, and notice railway relevant staff takes corresponding measure；
Meanwhile, All Alerts information is achieved by described server, facilitates relevant staff to inquire about, has access to.
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Denomination of invention: Railway safety monitoring system and method Effective date of registration: 20210413 Granted publication date: 20180814 Pledgee: Nanjing Zidong sub branch of Bank of Nanjing Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: Nanjing Paiguang Intelligence Perception Information Technology Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980002605 |