CN106442205B - A kind of automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation and method - Google Patents
A kind of automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442205B CN106442205B CN201610867030.1A CN201610867030A CN106442205B CN 106442205 B CN106442205 B CN 106442205B CN 201610867030 A CN201610867030 A CN 201610867030A CN 106442205 B CN106442205 B CN 106442205B
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- water
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation and its implementation methods, it include the weighing sensor of bracket and lifting on this bracket in its structure, hanging to draw below weighing sensor has the earth pillar surveyed in hole is vacantly arranged in, earth pillar lower part is immersed in the underground water for surveying hole bottom, it is respectively arranged with water level sensor in survey hole inner bottom and earth pillar inner bottom, the solenoid valve being provided with inside and outside a connection earth pillar on earth pillar side wall；The calculation formula of evaporation from phreatic water amount E is E=Δ G+ Δ F=(GJust‑GEnd)+(FJust‑FEnd).The present invention, which is able to solve in lysimeter observation, can not consider the problems of surrounding WATER LEVEL CHANGES, while avoid the horizontal influence drained or nearby draw water to evaporation from phreatic water, realize to Different Crop efficiently automatically determining in different periods evaporation from phreatic water amount.
Description
Technical field
The automatic system measured the present invention relates to a kind of ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING technical field more particularly to evaporation from phreatic water and side
Method.
Background technique
Underground water is the object of the subjects such as soil physics, hydrogeology, irrigation and water conservancy, the earth's surface hydrology and water resource concern,
The scholar in these fields has carried out a large amount of research to it for many years, and the mechanism and rule of " evaporation from phreatic water " are that it studies center of gravity
One of.
Evaporation from phreatic water refers to the evaporation of phreatic water, and underground water borrows the effect of soil hollow billet, and a part is with soil evaporation
Mode enter atmosphere；Another part enters atmosphere by way of plant transpiration.
The factor for influencing evaporation from phreatic water mainly has climatic factor, soil, buried depth and vegetation etc..When temperature is high, wind speed
Big and humidity hour, evaporation conditions are easily formed, therefore evaporation from phreatic water is big；It is on the contrary then small.The area of weight is glued in soil property, due to soil
Water permeable ability is poor, and evaporation from phreatic water is small；In the soil Sha Xing area, soil permeability ability is stronger, and evaporation from phreatic water is larger.Evaporation from phreatic water is everywhere
It is lauched the increase of buried depth and reduces, at the shallower place of buried depth, capillary can reach ground, and rapidly, evaporation from phreatic water is big for evaporation；It buries
Certain depth is increased to deeply, and underground water stops evaporation.The minimum depth for stopping evaporation being known as experience equation, the size master of value
It will be by soil property and Vegetation Effect.Its root water uptake ability of Different Crop and water requirement difference, evaporation from phreatic water are also therefore different.It is exposed
Ground, no plant growth, evaporation from phreatic water are small；The density on vegetation ground is larger, and evaporation from phreatic water is also big.Evaporation from phreatic water also as
The growth period of crop and change.In addition, hollow billet can be cut off by ploughing soil, reduce evaporation from phreatic water, through after a period of time it
Afterwards, soil is gradually closely knit, and capillarity restores, and evaporation from phreatic water increases.
1958, Gardner carried out theory analysis to the evaporation process under the conditions of steady state evaporation, according to the soil water
Basic principle of dynamics derives that phreatic evaporation limit intensity Emax is the negative power function of underground water buried depth H.1977, river sea
Front yard university Ye Shui etc. proposes evaporation from phreatic water exponential type formula when carrying out Evaluation of Groundwater Resources, using field data.1979
Year, Shen Lichang proposes evaporation from phreatic water hyperbolic-type empirical equation using underground water long-term observation analysis.1984 Tsing-Hua University are big
It learns thunder will and waits the evaporation from phreatic water empirical equation it is also proposed that similar.1984, Zhang Chaoxin was in analysis various regions evaporation from phreatic water actual measurement money
It also proposed other hyperbola empirical equation on the basis of material.
Device surveys the fundamental test method that method is evaporation from phreatic water research, can measure difference using lysimeter (lysimeter)
In the evaporation from phreatic water amount of different times, observation data quality itself is fine, main to use for depth to water, different soils, Different Crop
In location control experimental study；If the water level in lysimeter is to determine water level, the soil water distribution at this time in aeration zone is more solid
It is fixed, evaporation situation when WATER LEVEL CHANGES under actual conditions cannot be represented completely, that is to say, being that the value measured exists centainly
Error.Evaporation from phreatic water amount can also be obtained with the luffing of region decline of the phreatic table under evaporation conditions multiplied by the specific yield of this area, main
It is used for the research of regional scale water cycle process.When being calculated using local ground watering dynamic data, if under level of ground water
Drop can also be made result inaccurate by level excretion or neighbouring Pumping water influence.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome various deficiencies of the prior art, a kind of evaporation from phreatic water is provided and is surveyed automatically
Determine system and its implementation method, surrounding WATER LEVEL CHANGES can not be considered by being able to solve in lysimeter (lysimeter) observation
Problem, while the horizontal influence drained or nearby draw water to evaporation from phreatic water is avoided, it realizes and dives in different periods to Different Crop
Evaporated quantity of water efficiently automatically determines.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
A kind of automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation includes that the bracket being arranged in survey above hole and lifting are propped up at this in structure
Weighing sensor on frame, weighing sensor lower section, which hangs to draw, is connected with one group of earth pillar being vacantly arranged in inside the survey hole, this
Earth pillar is made of impermeable material package primary soil, and earth pillar lower part is immersed in the underground water for surveying hole bottom, is being surveyed in hole
Portion bottom end and earth pillar inner bottom are respectively arranged with water level sensor, are provided with inside and outside a connection earth pillar on earth pillar side wall
Solenoid valve.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, at least one set of soil is provided in the aeration zone on the earth pillar top
Moisture transducer.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, one group of data logger, this data note are additionally provided in structure
Record instrument connect the electric signal and record for receiving three with the weighing sensor, soil moisture sensor, water level sensor respectively.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the weighing sensor is S type pulling type sensor, and power supply is
DC12v and the weight change for being used to measure earth pillar according to the voltage signal that the size to be weighed exports a 0-24mv；It is described
Soil moisture sensor is voltage sensor, and power supply is DC12v and exports a 0-5v's according to the size of soil moisture
Voltage signal, for measuring the soil moisture change in earth pillar at aeration zone different height；The water level sensor is voltage-type
Sensor, power supply is DC12v and exports the voltage signal of a 0-5v according to the size of level of ground water, for measuring surrounding ring
SEA LEVEL VARIATION in border and earth pillar；The data logger uses the omnipotent recorder of DC24v power supply.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, survey hole bottom is excavated to shallow groundwater hereinafter, surveying hole
Periphery supports sizing by hard material and there are vents, surveys the inside and outside underground water in hole and keeps connection.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the solenoid valve is mounted below the side wall of the earth pillar and keeps
Below level of ground water.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, one group of controller for timing switch is provided on the solenoid valve, this
It is connect at least provided with No. 1 relay output channel with the solenoid valve on controller for timing switch.
As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, it is system that one group of solar power supply apparatus is additionally provided in structure
Equipment supplies power supply, this solar power supply apparatus is by solar panels, solar charging controller, power storage module and DC voltage-stabilizing electricity
Source module, the specification of D.C. regulated power supply module are as follows: power 10w, in9-18v, out12v.
A kind of evaporation from phreatic water automatic measuring method, first by controller for timing switch drive magnetic valve open a period of time with
Water level height difference inside and outside balance earth pillar simultaneously guarantees the underground water in earth pillar there are hydraulic connection with peripheral region underground water, then according to
Evaporation from phreatic water amount is calculated according to following formula:
E=Δ G+ Δ F=(GJust-GEnd)+(FJust-FEnd)；
Wherein, E is evaporation from phreatic water amount, and the weight change that Δ G is surveyed by weighing sensor, Δ F is that buoyancy suffered by earth pillar becomes
Change, is acquired by the SEA LEVEL VARIATION data that survey underground water level sensor is recorded.
The beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are that present device system and its implementation method have certainly
The horizontal feature high, structure is simple, easy to use, cheap of dynamicization, is able to solve traditional lysimeter (lysimeter) sight
Surrounding WATER LEVEL CHANGES can not be considered the problems of during survey, while can also be let out or nearby be drawn water to diving to avoid horizontal row
Automatically determining to the evaporation from phreatic water amount in Different Crop, different periods is realized in the influence of evaporation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is control principle drawing of the invention.
In figure: bracket (1), earth pillar (3), surveys hole (4), soil moisture sensor (5), level sensor at weighing sensor (2)
Device (6), solenoid valve (7), controller for timing switch (8), data logger (9), solar power supply apparatus (10).
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in following embodiment.Various raw materials used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional city
Product is sold, can be bought and be directly obtained by market.
(1) groundwater level buried depth is determined to 1.5 meters, 100 centimetres of 4 diameter in survey hole dug at this time, 2.0 meters deep,
Surrounding is assembled with brick, and there are vents.
(2) earth pillar 3 is process using iron sheet, and diameter is 80 centimetres, 1.8 meters deep, passes through three brackets 1 on ground
Earth pillar is sling, top flushed with ground, lower part have 30 centimetres in underground water.
(3) weighing sensor 2 is S type tension load cell, and between bracket 1 and earth pillar 3, totally three, power supply is equal
For DC12v, single range is 500kg, according to the size of weight, is exported as 0-24mv, defeated for measuring the weight change of earth pillar
Voltage change 1mv represents 20.83kg out.
(4) soil moisture sensor 5 is voltage-type, powers and is exported for DC12v according to the size of soil moisture as 0-
5v is respectively used to the variation of aerated zone soil humidity in measurement earth pillar 3.
(5) water level sensor 6 is located in survey hole 4 and in earth pillar 3, is voltage-type, is powered as DC12v, and range is
It 2.0 meters, according to the size of level of ground water, exports as 0-5v, the SEA LEVEL VARIATION being respectively used in measurement ambient enviroment and earth pillar 3.
(6) solenoid valve 7 is water proof type normally closed solenoid valve, is mounted on the lower section of 3 side wall of earth pillar, and be maintained at underground water
Position is hereinafter, power supply is DC12V, for balancing the inside and outside water level height of earth pillar 3.
(7) data logger 9 is the omnipotent recorder in eight channels, is powered as DC24v, for receiving 3 weighing sensors, 3
The electric signal of soil moisture sensor, 2 water level sensors；
(8) controller for timing switch 8 is the time intelligence cyclelog of No. 1 relay output channel, and power DC12v,
Opening time required for being completed by key and shut-in time.
(9) solar power supply apparatus 10 by the solar panels of 50W, the solar charging controller of 10A, 48AH electric power storage
The D.C. regulated power supply module composition of module and IN9-18V, OUT12V.
(10) the operation principle of the present invention is that controller for timing switch 8 is under the action of DC12v power supply, according to presetting
Program, the solenoid valve 7 that driving is mounted below earth pillar 3 side wall periodically opens a period of time that (for example every night, 20:00 was beaten
5min is opened, is then shut off), for balancing the inside and outside water level height difference of earth pillar 3, to guarantee the underground water and peripheral region in earth pillar 3
There are hydraulic connections for domain underground water；Evaporation from phreatic water amount (E) is equal to the weight change of earth pillar, that is, the soil that weighing sensor is surveyed
The sum of buoyancy variation (Δ F) suffered by the weight change (Δ G) and earth pillar of column, wherein the variation of buoyancy suffered by earth pillar can be cheated according to surveying
The resulting data of interior water level sensor acquire.That is E=Δ G+ Δ F=(GJust-GEnd)+(FJust-FEnd).
Foregoing description is only proposed as the enforceable technical solution of the present invention, not as to the single of its technical solution itself
Restrictive condition.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation, it is characterised in that: include that the bracket above hole (4) is being surveyed in setting in its structure
(1) and weighing sensor (2) on this bracket (1) is lifted, hangs drawing below weighing sensor (2) and be connected with one group and is vacantly arranged
The internal earth pillar (3) in hole (4) is surveyed described, this earth pillar (3) is made of impermeable material package primary soil, earth pillar (3) lower part
It is immersed in the underground water for surveying hole (4) bottom, is respectively arranged with water in survey hole (4) inner bottom and earth pillar (3) inner bottom
Level sensor (6), the solenoid valve (7) being provided on earth pillar (3) side wall inside and outside connection earth pillar (3)；
Survey hole (4) bottom be excavated to shallow groundwater hereinafter, survey hole (4) periphery by hard material support sizing and there are
Vent, the underground water surveyed inside and outside hole (4) keep connection；
The solenoid valve (7) is mounted below the side wall of the earth pillar and is maintained at level of ground water or less.
2. automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the packet on earth pillar (3) top
At least one set of soil moisture sensor (5) are provided in gas band.
3. automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: be additionally provided with one group in its structure
Data logger (9), this data logger (9) are passed with the weighing sensor (2), soil moisture sensor (5), water level respectively
Sensor (6) connection receives the electric signal and record of three.
4. automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the weighing sensor (2) is S
Type pulling type sensor, power supply export the voltage signal of a 0-24mv for surveying by DC12v and according to the size to weigh
Determine the weight change of earth pillar (3)；The soil moisture sensor (5) is voltage sensor, and power supply is DC12v and according to soil
The size of earth humidity exports the voltage signal of a 0-5v, wet for measuring soil at the interior aeration zone different height of earth pillar (3)
Degree variation；The water level sensor (6) is voltage sensor, and power supply is DC12v and is exported according to the size of level of ground water
The voltage signal of one 0-5v, for measuring the SEA LEVEL VARIATION in ambient enviroment and earth pillar (3)；The data logger (9) is adopted
The omnipotent recorder powered with DC24v.
5. automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be arranged on the solenoid valve (7)
There is one group of controller for timing switch (8), at least provided with No. 1 relay output channel and institute on this controller for timing switch (8)
State solenoid valve (7) connection.
6. automatic measuring system of phreatic water evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: be additionally provided with one group in its structure
Solar power supply apparatus (10) is that system equipment supplies power supply, this solar power supply apparatus (10) is by solar panels, solar charging
Electric controller, power storage module and D.C. regulated power supply module, the specification of D.C. regulated power supply module are as follows: power 10w, in9-18v,
out12v。
7. a kind of evaporation from phreatic water automatic measuring method, it is characterised in that: first by controller for timing switch (8) drive magnetic valve
(7) a period of time is opened to balance the water level height difference inside and outside earth pillar and guarantee that the underground water in earth pillar is deposited with peripheral region underground water
In hydraulic connection, evaporation from phreatic water amount then is calculated according to following formula:
E=Δ G+ Δ F=(GJust-GEnd)+(FJust-FEnd)；
Wherein, E is evaporation from phreatic water amount, and the weight change that Δ G is surveyed by weighing sensor (2), Δ F is buoyancy suffered by earth pillar (3)
Variation.
8. evaporation from phreatic water automatic measuring method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: buoyancy changes delta F suffered by earth pillar
It is acquired by surveying the SEA LEVEL VARIATION data that hole (4) interior water level sensor (6) is recorded.
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| CN107389497A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-11-24 | 中铁十六局集团置业投资有限公司 | A kind of apparatus and method for determining pervious concrete pavement evaporation rate |
| CN108061791A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-22 | 安徽省（水利部淮河水利委员会）水利科学研究院（安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站） | A kind of farm field irrigation drainage tests automatic control system |
| CN109001429B (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2021-03-23 | 水利部牧区水利科学研究所 | Experimental method and experimental device for evaluating influence of submerged evaporation on soil moisture of crop root system layer |
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