CN106442123A - Omnidirectional dynamic observation method for uniaxial compression crack propagation in coal and rock mass - Google Patents
Omnidirectional dynamic observation method for uniaxial compression crack propagation in coal and rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
- G01N2203/0652—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors using contrasting ink, painting, staining
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of coal and rock mass mechanics, and in particular relates to an omnidirectional dynamic observation method for an overall process of crack propagation during uniaxial compression in coal and rock mass, which is a supplement to the existing crack propagation observation method, and is suitable for omnidirectional dynamic observation for an overall process of crack propagation during uniaxial compression in coal and rock mass. The invention aims to provide an omnidirectional dynamic observation method for an overall process of crack propagation during uniaxial compression in coal and rock mass, and finally realizes the display of the omnidirectional crack propagation at any moment during uniaxial compression in coal and rock mass, which is of great significance to study on the stability of coal and rock mass and the related engineering practice.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coal and rock mechanics field, especially a kind of coal and rock cracks can spread overall process in uniaxial compression
Comprehensive dynamic observation procedure is the supplement to existing cracks can spread observation procedure it is adaptable to comprehensive dynamic observation coal and rock
The overall process of cracks can spread in uniaxial compression.
Background technology
Analysis coal and rock cracks can spread overall process is one of approach of mechanical characteristic of understanding coal and rock, for colliery lane
Road, the stability analyses of stope have great importance.Observation for coal and rock cracks can spread typically has three kinds of methods at present,
When being respectively uniaxial compression, single camera shoots, Brazilian disc single camera shoots, CT real time scan, and wherein Brazilian disc list is taken the photograph
At most, this is because Brazilian disc experiment is approximately plane stress to camera camera application, before and after it both sides cracks can spread have right
Title property, shoots for one side and just can reflect crackle integral extension.And for uniaxial compression, be triaxial state of stress, its crackle
Extension has a unsymmetry, the shooting of single camera is difficult to reflect crackle integral extension situation, or even occurs and take a part for the whole
Problem, lead to analyze distortion, although and stereo display cracks can spread is had the advantages that using CT real time scan, also have and split
The shortcoming that stricture of vagina extension depends critically upon later stage process.
Therefore, it is necessary to find a kind of comprehensive dynamic observation procedure of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread it is therefore an objective to carry
Coal and rock can finally be realized in list with the overall process of comprehensive dynamic observation coal and rock cracks can spread in uniaxial compression for a kind of
Any instant during axial compression contracting, the presenting of any plane cracks can spread, this is to coal and rock stability study and related engineering practice tool
There is reference value.
Based on above thought, devise the comprehensive dynamic observation procedure of this kind of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of prior art presence it is therefore an objective to provide a kind of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread side entirely
The dynamic observation procedure in position, the omnibearing crackle of any time expands finally to provide coal and rock exactly in Failure under Uniaxial Compression
Zhan Tu, so that the crack propagation path in uniaxial compression is studied to coal and rock, breaks through in the past with one side cracks can spread figure
Comprehensive cracks can spread figure is replaced to cause the deficiency taken a part for the whole, the research for coal petrography hydrodynamic properties is significant.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of comprehensive dynamic observation procedure of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread comprises the following steps：
S101：Select coal body block in mine coal mining work surface, and drill through the standard compression examination of φ 50mm × 100mm
Test cylinder, sample machining accuracy, compression instrument requirements and preparation, sample are placed and required all to mark according to ISRM
Accurate.
S102：Portraying 8 vertical straight lines in coal sample and being allowed to angle two-by-two is 45 °, be numbered A1, A2, A3 ..., A8.With
Ruler is measured the midpoint of eight vertical straight lines respectively and is sequentially connected 8 points using field island hand rolled type ink fountain line of ink marker PS-RAKT
Level curve for a closure.S103：Centered on cylinder coal body particular location on the table, in its 8 orientation
8 video cameras are laid respectively on angle.Because every video camera angle is 45 °, and the visual angle of this video camera can reach 60 °, because
This shoots A1-A2, A2-A3, A3-A4 ... A8- of the cylinder coal body being marked in step S102 successively using 8 video cameras
A1 part.
S104：Open video camera successively, then carry out uniaxial compression test, subsequently firmly tap Mai Er with irony hand hammer
8 cun of angle irons of TRI20B.After uniaxial compression test terminates, firmly tap above-mentioned angle iron with irony hand hammer again.
S105：Video recording to 8 video camera shootings in experiment carries out later stage integration.Using the vertical curve in step S102
A1, A2 ... A8 carries out spatial integration, helps the time recorded a video to integrate using the sound in step S104.
S106：Derive the video of cracks can spread overall process, and obtain the comprehensive crackle of the coal sample of this experiment any time
Expander graphs.
Wherein, the previous work method of the uniaxial compression described in step S102 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, to the φ 50mm drilling through according to the machining accuracy of ISRM's standard in step S101 ×
100mm standard compression test cylinder coal body, upper surface the center of circle be reference point, test cylinder coal body upper following table
Four arbitrfary points are portrayed in face simultaneously, draw a straight line two-by-two, and the perpendicular bisector making this two straight lines respectively meets at a bit, intersection point
It is the center of circle testing cylinder coal body upper and lower surface.
Step 2, the center of circle being obtained with step 1, as reference point, are easily wiped white with the capable S502 of the redness of a diameter of 2.00mm
First cross reference point in upper surface portrays a diameter, then with 90 ° of isosceles drawing squares in the diameter portrayed before to plate stroke
On the basis of depict another diameter normal thereto again, obtain first group of diameter perpendicular to each other；Straight with first again
Footpath is reference diameter, the base of one of acute angle of isosceles drawing square is overlapped with diameter, wedge angle is overlapped with the center of circle, edge
Another acute angle isoceles triangle chi depicts straight line, then portrays another diameter to portray the method for diameter before,
Obtain second group of diameter perpendicular to each other.Therefore the size of 8 angles of two groups of 4 diameters formation is 45 °.
Step 3, the cylinder coal body portraying upper surface are horizontally fixed on testing stand, lower surface with definitely smooth
, specification be 100mm × 100mm × 20mm metal material square perpendicular, with the right angle base of set square against square,
It is allowed to vertical with cylinder bottom surface, diametrically portray a horizontal linear all vertical with upper and lower surface with cylindrical intersection point,
Remaining 7 straight lines are portrayed after the same method, angle is 45 ° of plane two-by-two to make 4 planes that 8 straight lines are located；
Step 4, with the wherein straight line in 8 straight lines of side for starting point 8 straight lines of labelling successively counterclockwise, mark
Number for A1, A2, A3 ..., A8.With ruler measure respectively eight vertical straight lines midpoint and be designated as B1, B2, B3 ..., B8, use
8 points are sequentially connected the level curve for a closure by field island hand rolled type ink fountain line of ink marker PS-RAKT.
Wherein, the setting method of the video camera described in step S103 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, the parameter due to this experiment universal testing machine switch board size used are:1020mm×620mm×
810mm, mechanical dimensions：About 940mm × 630mm × 2010mm.Therefore in order to directly perceived, be clearly captured out coal body in test
During machine compression, the overall process of 4 cracks can spread, uses when imparting knowledge to students in the position of cylinder coal body center of circle 400mm on workbench
White chalk draws a circle.
Step 2,8 Sony PXW-FS7 specialty 4K digital movie camera FS7K are disposed on circle in step 1, adjust
The center of whole camera tripod is allowed to 8 azimuthal extended lines and the radius being formed with 4 diameters of cylinder upper and lower surface
The position of intersecting point of the circle for 400mm is (i.e.：The angle of every two video cameras is 45 °), simultaneously adjust camera tripod height
Spend the center line being allowed to portray with cylinder coal body side on universal test machine worktable all apart from ground 820mm it is ensured that every is taken the photograph
The optical center focusing of camera is in the right side area of its place extended line.
Step 3, successively 8 video cameras are marked with the counter clockwise direction of position reference origin in step 1 in S102,
It is designated as：C1、C2、C3、…、C8.Because every video camera angle is 45 °, and the visual angle of this video camera can reach 60 °, therefore
The A1-A2 part of cylinder coal body is shot using C1 video camera, C2 video camera shoots the A2-A3 part of cylinder coal body, C3 takes the photograph
Camera shoots the A8-A1 part of A3-A4 part ... the C8 video camera shooting cylinder coal body of cylinder coal body.
Wherein, the deployment method of two kinds of instruments described in step S104 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, according to C1, C2, C3 ..., the order of C8 open video camera successively.
Step 2, the sound of video camera is transferred to maximum position, after treating the camera operation a bit of time, clicks on single shaft
START button in compression test software interface, subsequently use irony hand hammer to exert oneself to tap 8 cun of angle irons of Mai Er TRI20B so as to
Send the clear and melodious and sharp sound.Must assure that the peace and quiet of experimental situation during whole experiment is carried out, prevent other from making an uproar
Sound impacts to experimental result.
Step 3, the stress-strain diagram observed on uniaxial compression instrument, when curve reaches residual strength, stop test.
Then tap Mai Er TRI20B8 cun angle iron again, according to C1, C2, C3 ..., the order of C8 close video camera successively.
Wherein, the video recording that 8 video cameras in experiment are shot described in step S105 carry out the later stage integrate specifically include with
Lower step：
Step 1, the video recording of C1 video camera is imported adobe premiere cc software, using razor instrument for the first time
Tap the part shooting before angle iron to remove, the part after second is tapped images to removal, by A1 shot by camera
Video recording is placed on software interface section start, completes video time and integrates.
Step 2, subsequently on vertical plane, cut out A1 line to the part of A2 line with crop tool.Cutter is used again on horizontal plane
Tool cuts out sample upper surface to the part of lower surface.New video recording saves as D1.Same to C2, C3 ..., the shooting of C8 carries out
Same operate, cut out successively A2-A3, A3-A4 ..., the part of A7-A8.And save as D2, D3 ..., D8, complete video recording empty
Between integrate.
Wherein, the video of derivation cracks can spread overall process described in step S106 and the coal sample obtaining this experiment any time
Comprehensive cracks can spread figure specifically include following steps：
Step 1, by D1, D2, D3 ..., D8 video be simultaneously directed in a project of adobe premiere cc software,
And by the alignment of the time shafts of 8 videos, and the picture of 8 videos is from left to right arranged in order, and by the A2 line in D1 video
Align with B2 point with the A2 line in D2 video with B2 point, by the A3 line in the A3 line in D2 video and B3 point and D3 video and B3 point
Alignment, by that analogy.The video file of whole crackle is carried out exporting as mp4 form by " file " " derivation " of clicking on software.
As a example step 2, cracks can spread picture when obtaining 20 minutes after starting to test, beaten using QQ audio and video player
Video after convincing by patient analysis out, time shafts were dragged at 20 minutes, using the screenshotss instrument in player, picture now were preserved
For JPG form, the picture at this moment obtaining is exactly crack spreading zone when 20 minutes, and same can to obtain this experiment any
The comprehensive cracks can spread figure of the coal sample in moment.
Compared with existing correlation technique, the invention has the advantages that：
During the current uniaxial compression to coal and rock is tested, crackle modified-image is all curved about plane also or class plane
And carry out, the not crackle change to coal petrography carries out omnibearing observation and analysis it is impossible to reflect crackle integral extension situation；And
The method providing in our patents is just met for this requirement, by with camera work and video post-processing method, more
Comprehensively in uniaxial compression experimentation coal and rock any time omnibearing crackle change all done accurate record it is ensured that
The accuracy of our experimental datas, this has reference value to coal and rock stability study and related engineering practice.
Brief description
Fig. 1 coal body preliminary preparation and video camera riding position schematic diagram；
Specific embodiment
A kind of comprehensive dynamic observation procedure of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread comprises the following steps：
S101：Select coal body block in mine coal mining work surface, and drill through the standard compression examination of φ 50mm × 100mm
Test cylinder, sample machining accuracy, compression instrument requirements and preparation, sample are placed and required all to mark according to ISRM
Accurate.
S102：Portraying 8 vertical straight lines in coal sample and being allowed to angle two-by-two is 45 °, be numbered A1, A2, A3 ..., A8.With
Ruler is measured the midpoint of eight vertical straight lines respectively and is sequentially connected 8 points using field island hand rolled type ink fountain line of ink marker PS-RAKT
Level curve for a closure.
S103：Centered on cylinder coal body particular location on the table, its 8 azimuths lay 8 respectively
Individual video camera.Because every video camera angle is 45 °, and the visual angle of this video camera can reach 60 °, therefore adopts 8 shootings
Machine shoots A1-A2, A2-A3, A3-A4 ... A8-A1 part of the cylinder coal body being marked in step S102 successively.
S104：Open video camera successively, then carry out uniaxial compression test, subsequently firmly tap Mai Er with irony hand hammer
8 cun of angle irons of TRI20B.After uniaxial compression test terminates, firmly tap above-mentioned angle iron with irony hand hammer again.
S105：Video recording to 8 video camera shootings in experiment carries out later stage integration.Using the vertical curve in step S102
A1, A2 ... A8 carries out spatial integration, helps the time recorded a video to integrate using the sound in step S104.
S106：Derive the video of cracks can spread overall process, and obtain the comprehensive crackle of the coal sample of this experiment any time
Expander graphs.
Wherein, the previous work method of the uniaxial compression described in step S102 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, to the φ 50mm drilling through according to the machining accuracy of ISRM's standard in step S101 ×
100mm standard compression test cylinder coal body, upper surface the center of circle be reference point, test cylinder coal body upper following table
Four arbitrfary points are portrayed in face simultaneously, draw a straight line two-by-two, and the perpendicular bisector making this two straight lines respectively meets at a bit, intersection point
It is the center of circle testing cylinder coal body upper and lower surface.
Step 2, the center of circle being obtained with step 1, as reference point, are easily wiped white with the capable S502 of the redness of a diameter of 2.00mm
First cross reference point in upper surface portrays a diameter, then with 90 ° of isosceles drawing squares in the diameter portrayed before to plate stroke
On the basis of depict another diameter normal thereto again, obtain first group of diameter perpendicular to each other；Straight with first again
Footpath is reference diameter, the base of one of acute angle of isosceles drawing square is overlapped with diameter, wedge angle is overlapped with the center of circle, edge
Another acute angle isoceles triangle chi depicts straight line, then portrays another diameter to portray the method for diameter before,
Obtain second group of diameter perpendicular to each other.Therefore the size of 8 angles of two groups of 4 diameters formation is 45 °.
Step 3, the cylinder coal body portraying upper surface are horizontally fixed on testing stand, lower surface with definitely smooth
, specification be 100mm × 100mm × 20mm metal material square perpendicular, with the right angle base of set square against square,
It is allowed to vertical with cylinder bottom surface, diametrically portray a horizontal linear all vertical with upper and lower surface with cylindrical intersection point,
Remaining 7 straight lines are portrayed after the same method, angle is 45 ° of plane two-by-two to make 4 planes that 8 straight lines are located；
Step 4, with the wherein straight line in 8 straight lines of side for starting point 8 straight lines of labelling successively counterclockwise, mark
Number for A1, A2, A3 ..., A8.With ruler measure respectively eight vertical straight lines midpoint and be designated as B1, B2, B3 ..., B8, use
8 points are sequentially connected the level curve for a closure by field island hand rolled type ink fountain line of ink marker PS-RAKT.
Wherein, the setting method of the video camera described in step S103 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, the parameter due to this experiment universal testing machine switch board size used are:1020mm×620mm×
810mm, mechanical dimensions：About 940mm × 630mm × 2010mm.Therefore in order to directly perceived, be clearly captured out coal body in test
During machine compression, the overall process of 4 cracks can spread, uses when imparting knowledge to students in the position of cylinder coal body center of circle 400mm on workbench
White chalk draws a circle.
Step 2,8 Sony PXW-FS7 specialty 4K digital movie camera FS7K are disposed on circle in step 1, adjust
The center of whole camera tripod is allowed to 8 azimuthal extended lines and the radius being formed with 4 diameters of cylinder upper and lower surface
The position of intersecting point of the circle for 400mm is (i.e.：The angle of every two video cameras is 45 °), simultaneously adjust camera tripod height
Spend the center line being allowed to portray with cylinder coal body side on universal test machine worktable all apart from ground 820mm it is ensured that every is taken the photograph
The optical center focusing of camera is in the right side area of its place extended line.
Step 3, successively 8 video cameras are marked with the counter clockwise direction of position reference origin in step 1 in S102,
It is designated as：C1、C2、C3、…、C8.Because every video camera angle is 45 °, and the visual angle of this video camera can reach 60 °, therefore
The A1-A2 part of cylinder coal body is shot using C1 video camera, C2 video camera shoots the A2-A3 part of cylinder coal body, C3 takes the photograph
Camera shoots the A8-A1 part of A3-A4 part ... the C8 video camera shooting cylinder coal body of cylinder coal body.
Wherein, the deployment method of two kinds of instruments described in step S104 specifically includes following steps：
Step 1, according to C1, C2, C3 ..., the order of C8 open video camera successively.
Step 2, the sound of video camera is transferred to maximum position, after treating the camera operation a bit of time, clicks on single shaft
START button in compression test software interface, subsequently use irony hand hammer to exert oneself to tap 8 cun of angle irons of Mai Er TRI20B so as to
Send the clear and melodious and sharp sound.Must assure that the peace and quiet of experimental situation during whole experiment is carried out, prevent other from making an uproar
Sound impacts to experimental result.
Step 3, the stress-strain diagram observed on uniaxial compression instrument, when curve reaches residual strength, stop test.
Then tap Mai Er TRI20B8 cun angle iron again, according to C1, C2, C3 ..., the order of C8 close video camera successively.
Wherein, the video recording that 8 video cameras in experiment are shot described in step S105 carry out the later stage integrate specifically include with
Lower step：
Step 1, the video recording of C1 video camera is imported adobe premiere cc software, using razor instrument for the first time
Tap the part shooting before angle iron to remove, the part after second is tapped images to removal, by A1 shot by camera
Video recording is placed on software interface section start, completes video time and integrates.
Step 2, subsequently on vertical plane, cut out A1 line to the part of A2 line with crop tool.Cutter is used again on horizontal plane
Tool cuts out sample upper surface to the part of lower surface.New video recording saves as D1.Same to C2, C3 ..., the shooting of C8 carries out
Same operate, cut out successively A2-A3, A3-A4 ..., the part of A7-A8.And save as D2, D3 ..., D8, complete video recording empty
Between integrate.
Wherein, the video of derivation cracks can spread overall process described in step S106 and the coal sample obtaining this experiment any time
Comprehensive cracks can spread figure specifically include following steps：
Step 1, by D1, D2, D3 ..., D8 video be simultaneously directed in a project of adobe premiere cc software,
And by the alignment of the time shafts of 8 videos, and the picture of 8 videos is from left to right arranged in order, and by the A2 line in D1 video
Align with B2 point with the A2 line in D2 video with B2 point, by the A3 line in the A3 line in D2 video and B3 point and D3 video and B3 point
Alignment, by that analogy.The video file of whole crackle is carried out exporting as mp4 form by " file " " derivation " of clicking on software.
As a example step 2, cracks can spread picture when obtaining 20 minutes after starting to test, beaten using QQ audio and video player
Video after convincing by patient analysis out, time shafts were dragged at 20 minutes, using the screenshotss instrument in player, picture now were preserved
For JPG form, the picture at this moment obtaining is exactly crack spreading zone when 20 minutes, and same can to obtain this experiment any
The comprehensive cracks can spread figure of the coal sample in moment.
The present invention is to find a kind of comprehensive dynamic observation procedure of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread overall process,
Purpose be provide a kind of can be finally real with the method for comprehensive dynamic observation coal and rock cracks can spread overall process in uniaxial compression
Existing coal and rock any instant, the presenting of comprehensive cracks can spread in uniaxial compression, this is to coal and rock stability study and correlation
Engineering practice has reference value.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of comprehensive dynamic observation procedure of coal and rock uniaxial compression cracks can spread comprises the following steps：
S101：Select coal body block in mine coal mining work surface, and drill through the standard compression trial circle of φ 50mm × 100mm
Cylinder, sample machining accuracy, compression instrument requirements and preparation, sample are placed and are required all according to ISRM's standard.
S102：Portraying 8 vertical straight lines in coal sample and being allowed to angle two-by-two is 45 °, be numbered A1, A2, A3 ..., A8.Use ruler
Measure the midpoint of eight vertical straight lines respectively and using field island hand rolled type ink fountain line of ink marker PS-RAKT, 8 points are sequentially connected as one
The level curve of bar closure.
S103：Centered on cylinder coal body particular location on the table, its 8 azimuths lay 8 respectively and takes the photograph
Camera.Because every video camera angle is 45 °, and the visual angle of this video camera can reach 60 °, therefore adopt 8 video cameras according to
Secondary A1-A2, A2-A3, A3-A4 ... the A8-A1 part shooting the cylinder coal body being marked in step S102.
S104：Open video camera successively, then carry out uniaxial compression test, subsequently use irony hand hammer to exert oneself to tap Mai Er TRI20B
8 cun of angle irons.After uniaxial compression test terminates, firmly tap above-mentioned angle iron with irony hand hammer again.
S105：Video recording to 8 video camera shootings in experiment carries out later stage integration.Using the vertical curve A1 in step S102,
A2 ... A8 carries out spatial integration, helps the time recorded a video to integrate using the sound in step S104.
S106：Derive the video of cracks can spread overall process, and obtain the comprehensive cracks can spread of the coal sample of this experiment any time
Figure.
2. step S102 according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Step 1：To the φ 50mm × 100mm's drilling through according to the machining accuracy of ISRM's standard in step S101
Standard compression test cylinder coal body, upper surface the center of circle be reference point, test cylinder coal body upper and lower surface simultaneously
Portray four arbitrfary points, draw a straight line two-by-two, the perpendicular bisector making this two straight lines respectively meets at a bit, intersection point is and tries
Test the center of circle of cylinder coal body upper and lower surface.
Step 2：White board marker, as reference point, is easily wiped with the capable S502 of the redness of a diameter of 2.00mm in the center of circle being obtained with step 1
Draw and first cross reference point in upper surface and portray a diameter, then with 90 ° of isosceles drawing squares the diameter portrayed before base
Another diameter normal thereto is depicted on plinth again, obtains first group of diameter perpendicular to each other；A diameter of with first again
Reference diameter, the base of one of acute angle of isosceles drawing square is overlapped with diameter, wedge angle is overlapped with the center of circle, along etc.
Another acute angle of lumbar triangle chi depicts straight line, then portrays another diameter to portray the method for diameter before, obtains
Second group of diameter perpendicular to each other.Therefore the size of 8 angles of two groups of 4 diameters formation is 45 °.
Step 3：The cylinder coal body that upper surface is portrayed is horizontally fixed on testing stand, lower surface and definitely smooth, rule
Lattice are that the square of the metal material of 100mm × 100mm × 20mm is perpendicular, with the right angle base of set square against square, are allowed to
Vertical with cylinder bottom surface, diametrically portray a horizontal linear all vertical with upper and lower surface with cylindrical intersection point, will remain
Under 7 straight lines portray after the same method, angle is 45 ° of plane two-by-two to make 4 planes that 8 straight lines are located；
Step 4：With the wherein straight line in 8 straight lines of side for starting point 8 straight lines of labelling successively counterclockwise, it is numbered
A1、A2、A3、…、A8.With ruler measure respectively eight vertical straight lines midpoint and be designated as B1, B2, B3 ..., B8, using field island
8 points are sequentially connected the level curve for a closure by hand rolled type ink fountain line of ink marker PS-RAKT.
3. step S103 according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Step 1：Parameter due to this experiment universal testing machine switch board size used is:1020mm×620mm×810mm,
Mechanical dimensions：About 940mm × 630mm × 2010mm.Therefore in order to directly perceived, be clearly captured out coal body and compress in testing machine
When 4 cracks can spread overall process, the white powder using when imparting knowledge to students in the position of cylinder coal body center of circle 400mm on workbench
Stroke goes out a circle.
Step 2：8 Sony PXW-FS7 specialty 4K digital movie camera FS7K are disposed on circle in step 1, adjustment is taken the photograph
The center of camera spider is allowed to
The position of intersecting point of the circle of 400mm is (i.e.：The angle of every two video cameras is 45 °), simultaneously adjust camera tripod height
It is allowed to the center line portrayed with cylinder coal body side on universal test machine worktable all apart from ground 820mm it is ensured that every shooting
The optical center focusing of machine is in the right side area of its place extended line.
Step 3：Successively 8 video cameras are marked with the counter clockwise direction of position reference origin in step 1 in S102, note
For：C1、C2、C3、…、C8.Because every video camera angle is 45 °, and the visual angle of this video camera can reach 60 °, therefore adopts
Shoot the A2-A3 part of cylinder coal body, C3 shooting with the A1-A2 part of C1 video camera shooting cylinder coal body, C2 video camera
Machine shoots the A8-A1 part of A3-A4 part ... the C8 video camera shooting cylinder coal body of cylinder coal body.
4. step S104 according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Step 1：According to C1, C2, C3 ..., the order of C8 open video camera successively.
Step 2：The sound of video camera is transferred to maximum position, after treating the camera operation a bit of time, clicks on uniaxial compression
START button in Testing Software interface, subsequently exerts oneself to tap 8 cun of angle irons of Mai Er TRI20B so as to send with irony hand hammer
The clear and melodious and sharp sound.Must assure that the peace and quiet of experimental situation during whole experiment is carried out, prevent other noises pair
Experimental result impacts.
Step 3：Observe the stress-strain diagram on uniaxial compression instrument, when curve reaches residual strength, stop test.Then
Tap Mai Er TRI20B8 cun angle iron again, according to C1, C2, C3 ..., the order of C8 close video camera successively.
5. step S105 according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Step 1：The video recording of C1 video camera is imported adobe premiere cc software, using razor instrument, first time is tapped
Part shooting before angle iron removes, and the part after second is tapped images to removal, by the video recording of A1 shot by camera
It is placed on software interface section start, complete video time and integrate.
Step 2：Subsequently on vertical plane, cut out A1 line to the part of A2 line with crop tool.Cut with crop tool on horizontal plane again
Go out sample upper surface to the part of lower surface.New video recording saves as D1.Same to C2, C3 ..., the shooting of C8 carries out equally
Operation, cut out successively A2-A3, A3-A4 ..., the part of A7-A8.And save as D2, D3 ..., D8, complete record a video space whole
Close.
6. step S106 according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
Step 1：By D1, D2, D3 ..., D8 video be simultaneously directed in a project of adobe premiere cc software, and by 8
The time shafts alignment of individual video, and the picture of 8 videos is from left to right arranged in order, and by the A2 line in D1 video and B2 point
Align with B2 point with the A2 line in D2 video, the A3 line in D2 video alignd with B3 point with the A3 line in D3 video with B3 point,
By that analogy.The video file of whole crackle is carried out exporting as mp4 form by " file " " derivation " of clicking on software.
Step 2：As a example cracks can spread picture when obtaining 20 minutes after starting to test, opened using QQ audio and video player and lead
Video after going out, time shafts were dragged at 20 minutes, using the screenshotss instrument in player, picture now were saved as
JPG form, the picture at this moment obtaining is exactly crack spreading zone when 20 minutes, same can obtain this experiment any when
The comprehensive cracks can spread figure of the coal sample carved.
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