CN104792614A - Method for measuring tensile strength of rock sample based on synchronization method - Google Patents
Method for measuring tensile strength of rock sample based on synchronization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the tensile strength of a rock sample based on a synchronization method. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing the rock sample and putting the prepared rock sample on a servo test machine; (2) enabling the rock sample to be clearly presented in a lens; (3) starting a high-definition video camera for shooting and then quickly starting testing; (4) finding a moment corresponding to a mutation point of vertical deformation of the rock sample; (5) importing a video shot by the high-definition video camera into a computer; (6) playing the video and grabbing 12 pictures in total; (7) inserting the pictures into AutoCAD software; (8) realizing data image synchronization; (9) calculating the tensile strength of the rock sample. The method for measuring the tensile strength of the rock sample based on the synchronization method can enable data at any moment to be synchronized with video shooting, and test data is optimized and screened to obtain a result better conforming to real tensile strength of the rock sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength, especially a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing.
Background technology
The physical and mechanical parameter of stone is our one of key property needing primary study in scientific research.The basic mechanical parameter measuring rock accurately has great significance to our further research from now on, has directive significance to the engineering design and construction of reality simultaneously.The tensile characteristics of rock is a kind of key property of rock.A lot of rock texture occur to destroy or unstability often due to structure itself locally or entirety bear that tension causes.Direct tensile test and Indirect Tensile Tests 2 kinds of methods are mainly contained at present for the tension parameter measuring rock.Complete because direct tensile test is more difficult in operation, usually adopt the tensile strength of Indirect Tensile Tests method test rock sample.Brazil disk split test is one of standard method testing rock sample tensile strength in the world at present, is widely adopted.But along with deepening continuously of research, it is found that Brazil disk split test itself exists comparatively big error, its test hypothesis does not conform to Griffith criterion of strength, and measurement result can not reflect the true tensile strength of rock sample.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing, solution can must not reflect the problem of the true tensile strength of rock sample, data and the video shooting synchronization of any time can be made, test figure is optimized Screening Treatment, and then obtains the result that tensile strength true in rock sample more conforms to.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) make rock sample, the rock sample made is placed on servo testing machine, ready;
2) use a frame number to be greater than the high-definition camera of 25 frames/second, high-definition camera is erected at the position that distance rock sample is suitable, the camera lens focus of adjustment high-definition camera, enables rock sample clearly present in camera lens;
3) open high-definition camera and start shooting, then operate rapidly servo testing machine and start Brazil disk split test, after off-test, stop shooting;
4) raw data recorded in servo testing machine is exported in computing machine, observation analysis data, find the moment T1 that rock sample vertical deformation catastrophe point is corresponding, draw the vertical deformation value D1 of rock sample according to this moment;
5) import in computing machine by the image that high-definition camera is taken, use video production software to process, the first two field picture choosing first second of captured image intercepts, standard in contrast;
6) playing video, intercept the image occurring the previous moment of the visible macroscopic fracture of naked eyes first, then intercept each 5 two field pictures before and after this moment, the intercepting of every two field picture is spaced apart 40ms, amounts to intercepting 12 pictures;
7) the AutoCAD software in computer is opened, by step 6) 12 pictures that intercept are inserted into successively in AutoCAD software according to time sequencing on same level height, and adjust rock sample in image and be of a size of its full-size(d);
8) find the image corresponding to the vertical deformation catastrophe point moment, thus dock, and realizes data image synchronization the time realizing the whole process using the servo testing machine whole process carrying out testing to take with high-definition camera;
9) after the synchronization of data picture, find crack to occur the image of the previous moment of macroscopic macroscopic fracture first, whether embed rock sample by filler strip, judge that whether this test is successful, carry out the calculating of rock sample tensile strength according to judged result.
Step 9) in, if filler strip does not embed rock sample, then this success of the test, supposes substantially to conform to test, substitutes into formula with peak value as P
calculate rock sample tensile strength.
Step 9) in, if filler strip embeds rock sample, then peak value is that top filler strip presses down the power embedding rock mass, illustrate that this test representativeness is not strong, suppose not conform to test, with occurring that vertical force corresponding to the previous moment of macroscopic macroscopic fracture is as P first, crack developing length substitutes into formula as D
calculate rock sample tensile strength.
Step 7) in by the method that is inserted into successively in AutoCAD software according to time sequencing on same level height of 12 pictures intercepted be: in AutoCAD software, draw a horizontal linear, 12 pictures intercepted are inserted in AutoCAD by life size along this horizontal linear according to time sequencing successively, the following boundary line of 12 pictures is overlapped with straight line, makes 12 pictures on same level height.
Step 7) in rock sample is of a size of its full-size(d) in adjustment image method be: the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 using AutoCAD small tool to measure pressure head in the first two field picture is designated as a, ratio r=b/a is made with the actual (real) thickness b of pressure head, use the convergent-divergent instruction in AutoCAD to be that ratio carries out convergent-divergent to 12 pictures with r, the adjusted size by rock sample in image (1) is its full-size(d).
Step 8) realized by following steps:
8-1) be a straight line L vertically downward using the point of contact of filler strip above rock sample and rock sample as starting point, the length of straight line L is 2 times of rock sample extreme limit of travel, straight line L is moved to the left side blank space of the first frame picture as a reference;
8-2) from the 2nd pictures, successively following operation is done to residue 11 pictures:
8-2-1) do one with rock sample above the tangent horizontal linear M in filler strip bottom, horizontal linear M to be extended to the left and crossing with straight line L, to measure above straight line L starting point to the distance D between straight line L and straight line M intersection point, all obtain a distance value D by remaining each pictures of 11 pictures of aforesaid operations, namely this distance represents the vertical deformation of sample;
8-2-2) by the distance value D of every pictures and step 4) the carrying out of the vertical deformation value D1 of rock sample corresponding to catastrophe point in the raw data that obtains contrast, find the distance value d (be accurate to 0.01mm can think equal) equal with D1, now, this cut-away view is as moment T2 corresponding to middle distance value d and step 4) in catastrophe point is corresponding in gained raw data sudden change moment T1 correspond to synchronization in experimentation;
8-2-3) for guaranteeing the accuracy that the moment is corresponding, the horizontal range S between transversal displacement meter in T2 moment picture is measured in AutoCAD, the horizontal range h in the first frame picture between transversal displacement meter is measured with same method, make difference C=S-h, and by C and step 4) in transversely deforming c corresponding to catastrophe point is corresponding in gained raw data sudden change moment T1 make comparisons, if C=c (be accurate to 0.01mm and can think equal), proves really to achieve a butt joint; If C and c is unequal, need repetition step 8) for any time t in raw data, the image found out corresponding to it only need intercept the image in t+ (T2-T1) moment in video recording.
The time interocclusal record of test apparatus should be accurate to millisecond (ms).
A kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing provided by the invention, beneficial effect is as follows:
1, the state change of sample in process of the test can intactly be recorded.
2, the situation that splitting crack is carried out can clearly be observed, from the speed of crack developing, position, filler strip with or without the aspects such as the embedding quality that completes of evaluation test qualitatively.
3, accurately can provide corresponding to some key points (such as peak value, vertical deformation catastrophe point) in test figure and obtain image, be further analytical test data, improves testing program and provide foundation.
The data of recording a video after 4, the utilizing synchronization process of the test variation rule curve (straight distortion, vertical deformation speed, vertical force, the time dependent curve of vertical force rate of change) of painting comparatively raw data is plotted more accurate.
5, achieve the test findings of Brazil disk split test is judged, utilize the synchronization of image and data, observe and occur the visible macroscopic fracture situation of naked eyes first, whether embedded by filler strip and choose different P and D substitution formulae discovery, realize the optimization of test findings, obtain the tensile strength more conformed to reality.
6, simple to operate, feasibility is strong, applied widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is step 2 of the present invention) high-definition camera putting position schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is step 8 of the present invention) picture vertical deformation measure schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 to be drawn picture-vertical deformation change curve in time by the present invention tests raw data and Video data;
Fig. 4 to be drawn picture-vertical deformation speed change curve in time by the present invention tests raw data and Video data;
Fig. 5 to be drawn picture-vertical force change curve in time by the present invention tests raw data and Video data;
Fig. 6 to be drawn picture-vertical force rate of change change curve in time by the present invention tests raw data and Video data;
Fig. 7 is Fig. 3-Fig. 6 key point of the present invention 1. and 2. picture contrast schematic diagram.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing, the method comprises the following steps:
1) make rock sample 1, circular rock sample 1 is prepared and polished smooth, measure specimen size, diameter is 49.8mm, and height is 48.0mm, is placed on RMT-150C servo testing machine 2 by the rock sample 1 made, ready;
2) frame number is used to be greater than the high-definition camera 3 of 25 frames/second, be equipped with a height-adjustable support, high-definition camera 3 is erected at the position that distance rock sample 1 is suitable, the camera lens focus of adjustment high-definition camera 3, camera lens focus is adjusted to and sample midtread, rock sample 1 can clearly be presented in camera lens; The correct position not affecting shooting around sample arranges polishing, makes image effect better;
3) open high-definition camera 3 and start shooting, then operate rapidly servo testing machine 2 and start Brazil disk split test, after off-test stop shooting (for warranty test overall process can use video camera complete documentation, should make recording time and instrument start time interval as far as possible little);
In test overall process, video camera no longer makes any adjustments change, stops shooting after terminating immediately;
4) raw data of record in servo testing machine 2 is exported in computing machine, observation analysis data, moment T1 corresponding to rock sample 1 vertical deformation catastrophe point is found to be 20744ms (20.744s), draw the vertical deformation value D1=0.421mm of rock sample according to this moment, think and be sample breakdown point within the scope of the short period before and after this moment;
5) image taken by high-definition camera 3 imports in computing machine, and use Corel VideoStudio video production software to process, the first two field picture choosing first second of captured image intercepts, standard in contrast;
6) playing video, intercept the image occurring the visible macroscopic fracture previous moment 21.06s of naked eyes first, then intercept each 5 two field pictures before and after this moment, the intercepting of every two field picture is spaced apart 40ms, amounts to intercepting 12 pictures;
7) the AutoCAD software in computer is opened, by step 6) 12 pictures that intercept are inserted into successively in AutoCAD software according to time sequencing on same level height, and adjust rock sample 1 in image and be of a size of its full-size(d);
Step 7) in by the method that is inserted into successively in AutoCAD software according to time sequencing on same level height of 12 pictures intercepted be: in AutoCAD software, draw a horizontal linear, 12 pictures intercepted are inserted in AutoCAD by life size along this horizontal linear according to time sequencing successively, the following boundary line of 12 pictures is overlapped with straight line, makes 12 pictures on same level height;
Step 7) in rock sample 1 is of a size of its full-size(d) in adjustment image method be: the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 using AutoCAD small tool to measure pressure head 5 in the first two field picture is designated as a (a=54.6062mm), ratio r=b/a=0.4758 is made with the actual (real) thickness value b (b=25.99mm) (experiment starts front milscale and measures) of pressure head 5, use the convergent-divergent instruction in AutoCAD to be that ratio carries out convergent-divergent to 12 pictures with r, the adjusted size by rock sample in image 1 is its full-size(d).
8) find the image corresponding to the vertical deformation catastrophe point moment, thus realize the whole process using the servo testing machine 2 whole process carrying out testing to take with high-definition camera 3 time dock, realize data image synchronization;
Step 8) realized by following steps:
8-1) be a straight line L (length is for 6mm) vertically downward using filler strip above rock sample 14 and the point of contact of rock sample 1 as starting point, the length of straight line L is rock sample 1) 2 times of extreme limit of travel, straight line L is moved to the left side blank space of the first frame picture as a reference;
8-2) from the 2nd pictures, successively following operation is done to residue 11 pictures:
8-2-1) do one with rock sample 1 above the tangent horizontal linear M in filler strip 4 bottom, horizontal linear M to be extended to the left and crossing with straight line L, to measure above straight line L starting point to the distance D between straight line L and straight line M intersection point, all obtain a distance value D by remaining each pictures of 11 pictures of aforesaid operations, namely this distance represents the vertical deformation of sample;
8-2-2) by the distance value D of every pictures and step 4) the carrying out of the vertical deformation value D1 of rock sample corresponding to catastrophe point in the raw data that obtains contrast, find the distance value d=0.422 (be accurate to 0.01mm can think equal) equal with D1, now, this cut-away view as moment T2=21.84s corresponding to middle distance value d, with step 4) in catastrophe point is corresponding in gained raw data sudden change moment T1=20.74s correspond to synchronization in experimentation;
8-2-3) for guaranteeing the accuracy that the moment is corresponding, the horizontal range S=51.0074mm between transversal displacement meter in T2 moment picture is measured in AutoCAD, the horizontal range h=50.9694mm in the first frame picture between transversal displacement meter is measured with same method, make difference C=S-h=0.038mm, and by C and step 4) in transversely deforming c=0.0326mm corresponding to catastrophe point is corresponding in gained raw data sudden change moment T1 make comparisons, C=c (be accurate to 0.01mm and can think equal), proves really to achieve a butt joint;
If C and c is unequal, need repetition step 8) for any time t in raw data, the image found out corresponding to it only need intercept the image in t+ (T2-T1) moment in video recording;
9) after the synchronization of data picture, find crack to occur the image of the previous moment of macroscopic macroscopic fracture first, whether embed rock sample by filler strip, judge that whether this test is successful, carry out the calculating of rock sample tensile strength according to judged result.
Step 9) in, if filler strip does not embed rock sample, then this success of the test, supposes substantially to conform to test, and pressing down with top filler strip 4 masterpiece embedding rock mass is that peak value P=10.04KN substitutes into formula
(in formula: σ
tfor Tensile Strength of Rock, P is line load, and L is rock sample length, and D is rock sample diameter) tensile strength that calculates rock sample 1 is 2.68MPa.
Step 9) in, if filler strip embeds rock sample, then peak value is that filler strip presses down the power embedding rock mass, illustrate that this test representativeness is not strong, suppose not conform to test, with occurring that vertical force corresponding to the previous moment of macroscopic macroscopic fracture is as peak value P=4.13KN first, crack developing length substitutes into formula as D=21.97mm
(in formula: σ
tfor Tensile Strength of Rock, P is line load, and L is rock sample length, and D is rock sample diameter) tensile strength that calculates rock sample 1 is 2.49MPa.
Step 9) for any time t in raw data, find the image corresponding to it only need intercept the image in t+1.1s moment in video recording.After above step completes, adopt step 8) in method, vertical deformation in each two field picture of video recording is measured and drawn out vertical deformation, vertical deformation speed, vertical force, the time dependent curve of vertical force rate of change (as shown in figures 3 to 6), can find out compared with the curve drawn with raw data that the two curve tendency is substantially identical, but the image change point that the Video data of vertical deformation speed and vertical force rate of change draws is more, this records a video because the every 400ms of instrument records a secondary data to obtain the data of every 40ms, therefore kinescope method is more accurate, curve obtained Changing Pattern is closer to the fact.Prove the correctness of this method thus.By Fig. 3-Fig. 6, the image of any instant in image can be found out, as key point in Fig. 7 1. and 2..
Claims (6)
1. measure a method for rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) make rock sample (1), the rock sample made (1) is placed on servo testing machine (2), ready;
2) frame number is used to be greater than the high-definition camera (3) of 25 frames/second, high-definition camera (3) is erected at the position that distance rock sample (1) is suitable, the camera lens focus of adjustment high-definition camera (3), makes rock sample (1) clearly present in camera lens;
3) open high-definition camera (3) and start shooting, then operate rapidly servo testing machine (2) and start Brazil disk split test, after off-test, stop shooting;
4) raw data of record in servo testing machine (2) is exported in computing machine, observation analysis data, find the moment T1 that rock sample (1) vertical deformation catastrophe point is corresponding, draw the vertical deformation value D1 of rock sample according to this moment;
5) image taken by high-definition camera (3) imports in computing machine, uses video production software to process, and the first two field picture choosing first second of captured image intercepts, standard in contrast;
6) playing video, intercept the image occurring the previous moment of the visible macroscopic fracture of naked eyes first, then intercept each 5 two field pictures before and after this moment, the intercepting of every two field picture is spaced apart 40ms, amounts to intercepting 12 pictures;
7) the AutoCAD software in computer is opened, by step 6) 12 pictures that intercept are inserted into successively in AutoCAD software according to time sequencing on same level height, and adjust rock sample in image (1) and be of a size of its full-size(d);
8) image corresponding to the vertical deformation catastrophe point moment is found, thus the time realizing the whole process using servo testing machine (2) the whole process carrying out testing to take with high-definition camera (3) dock, realize data image synchronization;
9) after the synchronization of data picture, find crack to occur the image of the previous moment of macroscopic macroscopic fracture first, whether embed rock sample by filler strip, judge that whether this test is successful, carry out the calculating of rock sample tensile strength according to judged result.
2. a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: step 9) in, if filler strip does not embed rock sample, then this success of the test, supposes substantially to conform to test, substitutes into formula with peak value as P
calculate rock sample tensile strength.
3. a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step 9) in, if filler strip embeds rock sample, then peak value is that top filler strip (4) presses down the power embedding rock mass, illustrate that this test representativeness is not strong, suppose not conform to test, use occurs that vertical force corresponding to the previous moment of macroscopic macroscopic fracture is as P first, and crack developing length substitutes into formula as D
calculate rock sample tensile strength.
4. a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 7) in by the method that is inserted into successively in AutoCAD software according to time sequencing on same level height of 12 pictures intercepted be: in AutoCAD software, draw a horizontal linear, 12 pictures intercepted are inserted in AutoCAD by life size along this horizontal linear according to time sequencing successively, the following boundary line of 12 pictures is overlapped with straight line, makes 12 pictures on same level height.
5. a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that step 7) in rock sample (1) is of a size of its full-size(d) in adjustment image method be: the one-tenth-value thickness 1/10 using AutoCAD small tool to measure pressure head (5) in the first two field picture is designated as a, ratio r=b/a is made with the actual (real) thickness b of pressure head, use the convergent-divergent instruction in AutoCAD to be that ratio carries out convergent-divergent to 12 pictures with r, the adjusted size by rock sample in image (1) is its full-size(d).
6. a kind of method measuring rock sample tensile strength based on method for synchronizing according to claim 1, is characterized in that step 8) realized by following steps:
8-1) be a straight line L vertically downward using rock sample (1) top filler strip (4) and the point of contact of rock sample (1) as starting point, the length of straight line L is 2 times of rock sample (1) extreme limit of travel, straight line L is moved to the left side blank space of the first frame picture as a reference;
8-2) from the 2nd pictures, successively following operation is done to residue 11 pictures:
8-2-1) do one with rock sample (1) the top tangent horizontal linear M in filler strip (4) bottom, horizontal linear M to be extended to the left and crossing with straight line L, to measure above straight line L starting point to the distance D between straight line L and straight line M intersection point, all obtain a distance value D by remaining each pictures of 11 pictures of aforesaid operations, namely this distance represents the vertical deformation of sample;
8-2-2) by the distance value D of every pictures and step 4) the carrying out of the vertical deformation value D1 of rock sample corresponding to catastrophe point in the raw data that obtains contrast, find the distance value d equal with D1, now, this cut-away view is as moment T2 corresponding to middle distance value d and step 4) in catastrophe point is corresponding in gained raw data sudden change moment T1 correspond to synchronization in experimentation;
8-2-3) for guaranteeing the accuracy that the moment is corresponding, the horizontal range S between transversal displacement meter in T2 moment picture is measured in AutoCAD, the horizontal range h in the first frame picture between transversal displacement meter is measured with same method, make difference C=S-h, and by C and step 4) in transversely deforming c corresponding to catastrophe point is corresponding in gained raw data sudden change moment T1 make comparisons, if C=c, prove really to achieve a butt joint; If C and c is unequal, need repetition step 8) for any time t in raw data, the image found out corresponding to it only need intercept the image in t+ (T2-T1) moment in video recording.
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