CN106439774B - A method of it reducing boiler water wall transversal crack and occurs - Google Patents
A method of it reducing boiler water wall transversal crack and occurs Download PDFInfo
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- CN106439774B CN106439774B CN201610928413.5A CN201610928413A CN106439774B CN 106439774 B CN106439774 B CN 106439774B CN 201610928413 A CN201610928413 A CN 201610928413A CN 106439774 B CN106439774 B CN 106439774B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that reduction boiler water wall transversal crack occurs, and carry out the operation for monitoring borehole enlargement from wall temperature at least once: when boiler and its water-cooling wall are run, being monitored respectively to the temperature of the water screen tube of four sides water-cooled wall and each wall;According to the temperature data measured, the thermal deviation curve of each water screen tube Temperature Distribution in performance west water-cooled wall is drawn, the water screen tube in overtemperature region is judged whether there is;The aperture of throttle orifice corresponding with the water screen tube in overtemperature region is expanded;Wherein, after the borehole enlargement for having executed any once-through operation, the wall temperature monitoring and overtemperature judgement of next operation are executed, and is judging to continue there are still when the water screen tube for being in overtemperature region to there are still the correspondence throttle orifice apertures of the water screen tube in overtemperature region to expand.The occurring area and probability of water-cooling wall transversal crack is greatly lowered in the present invention, improves the safety of water-cooling wall.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to boiler water wall field, in particular to a kind of side for reducing boiler water wall transversal crack and occurring
Method.
Background technique
There is one kind 4 × 660MW extra-supercritical unit at present, is joined using the ultra supercritical of 4 HG-2000/26.15-YM3 types
Number variable-pressure operation direct current cooker is low using П type arrangement, single burner hearth, the low NOx PM main burner of modified and MACT type
NOx air stage feeding combustion system, wall tangential firing mode, burner hearth use riffled tube vertical ascent fin panel casing, band again
The activation system of circulating pump, a resuperheat.
Wherein, furnace wall cooling is using welding membrane wall, riffled tube vertical ascent formula;Water-cooling wall lower header uses φ
The minor diameter header of 219mm, and orifice ring is moved on into the water screen tube entrance outside water-cooling wall header, with header end trident
The inlet stub of pipe connection enters orifice ring to its scarfweld, then pass through secondary trident tube transitions using relatively extra heavy pipe of φ 42 × 9
Structure (as shown in Figure 1), connect with the water screen tube of φ 28.6, the aperture of such orifice ring allows using biggish throttling
Range, it is ensured that hole circle has enough throttling capacities, according to the Load Distribution and design feature of each wall of horizontal direction, adjusts
Flow in each circuit water screen tube, to guarantee the uniformity of water cooling wall outlet Temperature of Working, and prevent it is heated strong individually and
Complicated circuit and pipeline section generate deviation nucleate boiling (DNB) and uncontrollable dry (DRO) phenomenon of wall temperature occur.?
Application No. is in 201210434106.3 Chinese patent application " Y-pipe for water screen system ", above-mentioned Y-pipe is done
Detailed description.
Mixing header is located at the middle part of furnace wall cooling among burner hearth, when the working medium in water-cooling wall pipe flows among burner hearth
When mixing header, available sufficient mixing keeps mixing header outlet Temperature of Working among burner hearth uniform, and makes temperature deviation
Bring thermal stress reduces.Burner hearth mixer divides two-stage, and all around, four sides wall is respectively arranged 1 to burner hearth level-one mixer;Furnace
Thorax secondary mixer is respectively arranged 20 in four sides wall.Working medium in water-cooling wall pipe enters among burner hearth from lower part water-cooling wall
Mouth header, is entered in level-one mixer from bottom by threeway after tentatively mixing and is mixed, level-one mixer arrangement
On boiler and burner hearth center line, 80 burner hearths two are then entered from bottom by burner hearth secondary mixer entrance connecting pipe
In grade mixer, top panelized-tube-wall section is flowed into after mixing again.
However, being found at the water-cooling wall of this boiler after actual motion, several water screen tubes can have transversal crack, more
Positioned at front water wall intermediate header lower part elbow and elbow with lower portion.Similar boiler water wall transversal crack leakage is asked
Topic, will cause unit forced outage, influences the safe operation of unit.Crackle Producing reason: (1) water-cooling wall orifice design is not
Reasonable water-cooling wall temperature field is unbalanced, and fired heat duty distribution is mismatched with interior rate-of flow is managed, and causes the adjacent tube temperature of water-cooling wall
It is excessive to spend thermal deviation;(2) water-cooling wall intermediate header portion structure is unreasonable, generates local thermal stress;(3) " degree of superheat " fluctuates width
It is excessively high to spend big and rate, is especially become apparent during power condition changing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods that reduction boiler water wall transversal crack occurs, and ask for existing
Topic carries out the transformation of water-cooling wall inlet duct throttle orifice, reduces water-cooling wall thermal deviation, change by increasing water-cooling wall temperature monitoring
The running environment of kind water-cooling wall increases substantially water-cooling wall safety in conjunction with firing optimization etc..
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a kind of generations of reduction boiler water wall transversal crack
Method, carry out monitoring the operation of borehole enlargement from wall temperature at least once;
Wherein, operation each time includes A-C processes:
A, when boiler and its water-cooling wall are run, the temperature of the water screen tube of four sides water-cooled wall and each wall is carried out respectively
Monitoring;
B, according to the temperature data measured, the thermal deviation of each water screen tube Temperature Distribution in performance west water-cooled wall is drawn
Curve judges whether there is the water screen tube in overtemperature region;
C, the aperture of throttle orifice corresponding with the water screen tube in overtemperature region is expanded;
Wherein, after having executed the C item of any once-through operation, the A-B item of next operation is executed, and still deposit in judgement
When being in the water screen tube in overtemperature region, the C item of the next operation is continued to execute;
It is judged as the water screen tube in overtemperature region in any once-through operation, refers to and meets any one following situation
Or meet following a variety of situations simultaneously:
When the water cooling wall temperature high point measured is more than the first threshold for its setting, the water screen tube with thermal self-restraint stress
In overtemperature region;
The water-cooling wall rate temperature change measured be more than for its setting second threshold when, be more than second threshold where model
It encloses corresponding water screen tube and is in overtemperature region;
The water-cooling wall maximum temperature fluctuating range measured be more than for its setting third threshold value when, be more than third threshold value institute
Overtemperature region is in the corresponding water screen tube of range;
The water screen tube temperature measured is greater than the numerical value of place water-cooled wall mean temperature, more than the set for the numerical value
When four threshold values, the water screen tube for measuring temperature greater than place water-cooled wall mean temperature is in overtemperature region.
Preferably, among the front wall of water-cooling wall and rear wall on the higher face water-cooled wall of mean temperature be in overtemperature area
The water screen tube in domain carries out the expansion in corresponding throttle orifice aperture.
Preferably, there is the water in overtemperature region among the Zuo Qiang of water-cooling wall and right wall on the water-cooled wall of any face
When cold wall pipe, on the face water-cooled wall be in overtemperature region water screen tube and over there on water-cooled wall with overtemperature region position
Set the expansion that corresponding water screen tube carries out corresponding throttle orifice aperture.
Preferably, it will be judged as the water screen tube in overtemperature region in any once-through operation and is divided into the firstth area, the
The secondth area of further division in one area;
By in the monitoring of any once-through operation, the water-cooled wall where water screen tube thermal self-restraint stress is known as the first wall
Face;When by any one water screen tube temperature of the first metope being for the first time simultaneously more than any water screen tube temperature of other each metopes
Water screen tube of the corresponding water screen tube of first metope as the second area beginning;The water screen tube in the second area end and the firstth area end
The water screen tube at end is identical;
The correspondence throttle orifice aperture for the water screen tube that overtemperature region is in secondth area is expanded.
Preferably, when the temperature difference for monitoring the adjacent water screen tube of any two for entering mixer simultaneously with different level is more than
For its setting five threshold values when, execute the operation at least once.
Preferably, first threshold is 440 DEG C;
Second threshold is 10~20 DEG C/min or 20 DEG C or more;
Third threshold value is 100 DEG C;
4th threshold value is 40 DEG C;
5th threshold value is 50 DEG C.
Preferably, when boiler operatiopn after throttle orifice borehole enlargement, control secondary air box differential pressure is 1.0kpa.
Preferably, when boiler operatiopn after throttle orifice borehole enlargement, control separation and thickening change rate is 2 DEG C/
min。
In conclusion the method for the present invention for reducing boiler water wall transversal crack and occurring, by the way that throttle orifice, water is transformed
Cold wall Temperature Distribution obviously tends towards stability, and water cooling wall temperature is obviously reduced along furnace wall width direction distribution deviation.It is adjusted by burning
Whole test, improves combustion conditions, and burning in equalizing furnace more tends to state modulator rationally.Increase separation and thickening variation
Rate and degree of superheat rate of change 2 DEG C/min monitoring parameter prejudge water-cooling wall temperature changing trend and speed, enable operations staff
It is enough to adjust in advance.Organize heating surface abrasionproof explosion-proof check and in advance upper water leakage detection, find in time water-cooling wall leak source into
Row processing, controls the probability that water-cooling wall leaks in operation to a certain extent.Pass through comprehensive control water-cooling wall
Safety is greatly enhanced, and the occurring area and probability of water-cooling wall transversal crack is greatly lowered.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of Y-pipe structure;
Fig. 2 is exemplary water-cooling wall thermal deviation curve;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that water screen tube enters mixer structure;
Fig. 4 is the temperature comparison chart of left wall water-cooling wall throttle orifice transformation front and back;
Fig. 5 is the implementation process diagram of a specific example in the method for the invention.
Specific embodiment
Hereafter by taking the water-cooling wall of HG-2000/26.15-YM3 type boiler as an example, illustrate reduction boiler water cooling of the present invention
The method that wall transversal crack occurs.
According to the analysis to water-cooling wall Crack, water-cooling wall operating status is monitored in the present invention, by water
Cold wall operation wall temperature is data analysis found that short time overtemperature irregularly occurs in water-cooling wall metal in operation and substantial temperature fluctuations are existing
As, and two kinds of phenomenons almost occur simultaneously.
Curve shown in Fig. 2 is to a specific example for analyzing water-cooling wall thermal deviation after temperature monitoring, all around
The distribution of " dual waves " state is presented in the water cooling wall temperature of four sides wall: in the example, the 50-150 root of each wall of boiler water wall
At pipe, neighbouring temperature drift is higher by 60 DEG C or more than mean temperature;Especially right wall temperature drift is obvious, operating condition variation
When the position overtemperature probability it is higher, then local stress can be caused larger due to temperature drift.Also, the water-cooling wall of front wall and left wall
Mean temperature is also above Hou Qiang and You Qiang.For water-cooling wall mass velocity designs identical left and right wall, left wall water-cooling wall is flat
Equal temperature height illustrates furnace flame, and there are certain deflections, are biased to left side.Thus, it is subsequent the water screen tube of front left and right wall to be carried out
Transformation.
In terms of the case where fluctuating at any time from water cooling wall temperature, the temperature changing trend of every face wall is substantially coincident, still
Fluctuating range is not quite similar.Fluctuating range is small behind 168th root canal, and only 10 DEG C or so of fluctuating range;74th to 106 fluctuation width
Degree is big, and fluctuating range is 40 to 50 DEG C, and individual fluctuation of operating conditions are even up to 100 DEG C.Temperature fluctuation amplitude is different in same time,
It will cause to expand between tube bank and have differences, formation thermal stress is pullled repeatedly causes water screen tube heat fatigue.
Crackle, which usually is just concentrated to generate, (corresponds to the 50-150 of each wall at the water screen tube for being located at overtemperature region in this example
Root canal, these positions of especially right wall).For this purpose, the present invention need to be monitored water cooling wall temperature and its variation, source is searched
Water screen tube in overtemperature region is transformed: such as, water cooling wall temperature in part-time substantially, rapid fluctuations, temperature high point
It can exceed that 500 DEG C, and after temperature raising the case where rapid decrease.If water-cooling wall rate temperature change is higher under overtemperature operating condition,
Reach the even higher situation of 10~20 DEG C/min;Also, all with high temperature rise rate during most overtemperatures.Such as according to calculating
The case where short time inner part water-cooling wall temperature rise rate reaches 20 DEG C/min, and maximum fluctuation amplitude is 140 DEG C.
As shown in figure 3, current water screen tube enters the structure of mixer, there are problems: water screen tube enters in intermediate header
Mixer is not in same absolute altitude while to enter, and has difference in height into mixer, and per adjacent 2 root canal, one has already passed through mixing,
Another without by mixing.Then in water-cooling wall 50-150 root canal region, the temperature difference of adjacent two root canal is very big, calculates more than 50
DEG C, mutual tensile stress is caused since the expansion of two root canals is not identical, in Unit Commitment or lifting load, mutual tensile stress is bigger,
Tensile stress is pullled repeatedly causes water screen tube tired, and water-cooling wall intermediate header lower part elbow is that transversal crack disfigurement discovery is more
Position.Then, the present invention can water screen tube monitor every two adjacent tubes the temperature difference be more than setting value (such as 50 DEG C) in the case where into
Row transformation.
The design of current water-cooling wall throttle orifice is unreasonable: water-cooling wall inlet restriction need to be negative according to the heat of each wall of horizontal direction
Lotus distribution and design feature, adjust the flow in each circuit water screen tube, to guarantee the uniformity of water cooling wall outlet Temperature of Working,
Furnace wall is not identical by the throttle orifice pore size of different zones installation.However the practical temperature run from boiler water wall shown in this example
From the point of view of degree, the water cooling wall temperature of water-cooling wall four sides wall is presented " dual waves " state and is distributed, near water-cooling wall 50-150 root canal
Temperature drift is higher by 60 DEG C or more than mean temperature, hence it is evident that reflects the corresponding throttle orifice hole of water-cooling wall 50-150 root canal
Diameter design is less than normal, causes water screen tube underfed, cooling effect is poor.
In this regard, the present invention need to adjust the throttle orifice aperture of boiler water wall.Three face wall of front left and right is further selected in this example
On number counterclockwise the 24th to 37 throttle orifice, it is corresponding with the 93rd to 148 root canal of each wall that (the 93rd root canal corresponds essentially to the
Near one wave crest, water screen tube when right wall temperature is more than other each walls where thermal self-restraint stress).The transformation in throttle orifice aperture
Situation is as follows:
(1) the left number of front wall: the 24th to 37 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameter is 11mm, again improved hole collar aperture diameter
For 12.5mm.
(2) number after left wall: the 24th to 30 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameter is 9mm, again improved hole collar aperture diameter
For 10.5mm;31 to 37 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameters are 9mm, again improved hole collar aperture diameter 11mm.
(3) number before right wall: the 24th to 30 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameter is 9mm, again improved hole collar aperture diameter
For 10.5mm;31 to 37 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameters are 9mm, and improved hole collar aperture diameter is 11mm again.
Discovery is run after above-mentioned transformation, water-cooling wall overtemperature region can change, and repaint cold wall thermal deviation
Curve;It finds that the temperature of modified 93rd to 148 root canal is decreased obviously in new curve, however will lead to the 74th to 92 root canal
Temperature it is obviously higher, individual wall temperature are more than 470 DEG C;For this purpose, further to number counterclockwise on three wall of water screen tube front left and right
The aperture of 18 to 23 throttle orifices is adjusted, and corresponding to the 69th to 92 root canal of each wall, (the 69th root canal is corresponded essentially to again
The position when wall temperature of this face wall where thermal self-restraint stress is more than other each wall temperature in the curve of drafting).Situation is transformed such as
Under:
(1) the left number of front wall: the 18th to 23 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameter is 11mm, again improved hole collar aperture diameter
For 12.5mm.
(2) number after left wall: the 18th to 23 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameter is 9mm, again improved hole collar aperture diameter
For 10mm.
(3) number before right wall: the 24th to 30 throttle orifice original design hole collar aperture diameter is 8.5mm, again improved hole collar aperture
Diameter is 10mm.
After being transformed by secondary water-cooling wall throttle orifice, water-cooling wall Temperature Distribution obviously tends towards stability, water cooling wall temperature
It is obviously reduced along furnace wall width direction distribution deviation.It controls highest point and is no more than 440 DEG C, highest point and average value are only poor at 40 DEG C
Within.Transformation front and back highest tube wall temperature 110 from 469 DEG C drops to 422 DEG C in this example.Before left wall throttle orifice transformation is shown in Fig. 4
Temperature comparisons afterwards, Temperature Distribution is gentle after transformation, wherein the temperature of the 96th to 146 pipe is substantially reduced.
As shown in figure 5, the method for the invention, that is, need to be implemented wall temperature at least once and monitor to the operation of borehole enlargement:
Temperature monitoring is carried out in water-cooling wall operation, draws water-cooling wall thermal deviation curve, and whether exceed to several data described above
Respective given threshold is judged that the wall and water screen tube therein that determination need to be transformed expand corresponding throttle orifice aperture
Greatly.Every time after operation, continue monitoring temperature, judge whether no longer to occur overtemperature region and thermal self-restraint stress numerical value and its with it is flat
Whether the difference of mean value meets corresponding given threshold;If overtemperature region is not had according to the curve judgement newly drawn, and highest point and
Difference etc. then no longer executes aperture transformation without departing from respective threshold value;Otherwise, right according to this time monitoring the overtemperature region obtained
Corresponding throttle orifice is transformed.
In addition, also needing further to carry out the control of water-cooling wall thermal deviation runing adjustment in the present invention: by controlling secondary air box
Differential pressure, such as: improve secondary air box differential pressure and arrive 1.0kpa or so, improve the degree of filling of burner hearth, the heated general of such water-cooling wall
Further uniformly, it can effectively reduce the temperature difference between adjacent water screen tube, weaken and caused mutually since the expansion of two root canals is not identical
Tensile stress achievees the purpose that control the flat hair of water screen tube fatigue crack.
Reinforce the control of water cooling wall temperature, by the way that separation and thickening change rate is included in performance assessment criteria, control lifting is negative
The speed of lotus and plus-minus coal controls separation and thickening change rate in 2 DEG C/min, makes water cooling wall temperature held stationary, weakens
The amplitude and frequency of water-cooling wall heat fatigue are divided during strict control Unit Commitment by means such as control fuel quantity change rates
From the control of device outlet temperature change rate in 2 DEG C/min, forbid the strong cold, rapid cooling of boiler.In conjunction with progress First air leveling, secondary air flow
Calibration, the small air door adjustment in cold air condition test of Secondary Air, heat state combustion Adjustment Tests carry out reasonable distribution oxygen amount, control as-fired coal sulfur,
To mitigate the generation of water wall high temperature corrosion.Combustion system is adjusted by the above method, while boiler is carried out rationally
Coal blending is allowed to meet boiler operatiopn requirement, prevents the generation of crackle.
It is discussed in detail although the contents of the present invention have passed through above preferred embodiment, but it should be appreciated that above-mentioned
Description is not considered as limitation of the present invention.After those skilled in the art have read above content, for of the invention
A variety of modifications and substitutions all will be apparent.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be limited to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for reducing boiler water wall transversal crack and occurring, which is characterized in that monitored at least once from wall temperature
To the operation of borehole enlargement;
Wherein, operation each time includes A-C processes:
A, when boiler and its water-cooling wall are run, the temperature of the water screen tube of four sides water-cooled wall and each wall is supervised respectively
It surveys;
B, according to the temperature data measured, the thermal deviation for drawing each water screen tube Temperature Distribution in performance west water-cooled wall is bent
Line judges whether there is the water screen tube in overtemperature region;
C, the aperture of throttle orifice corresponding with the water screen tube in overtemperature region is expanded;
Wherein, after having executed the C item of any once-through operation, the A-B item of next operation is executed, and is judging that there are still places
When the water screen tube in overtemperature region, the C item of the next operation is continued to execute;
It is judged as the water screen tube in overtemperature region in any once-through operation, refers to and meets any one following situation or same
The a variety of situations of Shi Fuhe or less:
When the water cooling wall temperature high point measured is more than the first threshold for its setting, the water screen tube with thermal self-restraint stress is in
Overtemperature region;
The water-cooling wall rate temperature change measured be more than for its setting second threshold when, be more than second threshold location pair
The water screen tube answered is in overtemperature region;
The water-cooling wall maximum temperature fluctuating range measured be more than for its setting third threshold value when, be more than third threshold value where model
It encloses corresponding water screen tube and is in overtemperature region;
The water screen tube temperature measured is greater than the numerical value of place water-cooled wall mean temperature, more than the 4th threshold set for the numerical value
When value, the water screen tube for measuring temperature greater than place water-cooled wall mean temperature is in overtemperature region;
Wherein, it will be judged as the water screen tube in overtemperature region in any once-through operation and is divided into the firstth area, in the firstth area
The secondth area of further division;By in the monitoring of any once-through operation, the water-cooled wall where water screen tube thermal self-restraint stress claims
For the first metope;The water screen tube in the second area beginning is one of water screen tube of the first metope, secondth area beginning
Water screen tube corresponds to the temperature of the water screen tube of the first metope for the first time simultaneously more than any water screen tube of other each metopes
Position when temperature;The water screen tube in the second area end is identical as the water screen tube of the first area end;Surpass to being in the secondth area
The correspondence throttle orifice aperture of the water screen tube of temperature area is expanded.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The water-cooling wall in overtemperature region is among front wall and rear wall to water-cooling wall on the higher face water-cooled wall of mean temperature
Pipe carries out the expansion in corresponding throttle orifice aperture.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is right when there is the water screen tube in overtemperature region among the Zuo Qiang of water-cooling wall and right wall on the water-cooled wall of any face
Water screen tube and water corresponding with overtemperature regional location on water-cooled wall over there on the face water-cooled wall in overtemperature region
Cold wall pipe carries out the expansion in corresponding throttle orifice aperture.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is more than for its setting when monitoring enters the temperature difference of the adjacent water screen tube of any two of mixer with different level simultaneously
When five threshold values, the operation at least once is executed.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that
First threshold is 440 DEG C;
Second threshold is 10~20 DEG C/min or 20 DEG C or more;
Third threshold value is 100 DEG C;
4th threshold value is 40 DEG C;
5th threshold value is 50 DEG C.
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
When boiler operatiopn after throttle orifice borehole enlargement, control secondary air box differential pressure is 1.0kpa.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
When boiler operatiopn after throttle orifice borehole enlargement, control separation and thickening change rate is 2 DEG C/min.
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WO2012130060A1 (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Throttling device |
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CN103293225A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-09-11 | 国家电网公司 | Ultrasonic detection and diagnosis method for hydrogen damages on water-cooling wall pipe of boiler |
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