CN106437637B - High temperature and pressure carbon dioxide flooding super-viscous oil visualizes microcosmos experiment method - Google Patents
High temperature and pressure carbon dioxide flooding super-viscous oil visualizes microcosmos experiment method Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 270
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 114
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of high temperature and pressure carbon dioxide flooding super-viscous oil visualization microcosmos experiment device and method, belongs to technical field of petroleum extraction.The device includes the model clamper for being clamped with microcosmic visual model, displacement system, back pressure system, confining pressure system, pressure monitoring system, temperature control system and image capturing system；It is easy that the device controls temperature and pressure, use space is small, security performance is superior, it is easy to operate, oil reservoir physical condition can accurately be simulated, the oil-gas reactivation variation during carbon dioxide displacement can clearly be observed in real time under the conditions of visualization, the extensive use and popularization of influence and carbon dioxide displacement experiment in petroleum industry for studying the Precipitation Behavior of asphalitine and its to recovery ratio all have very important significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experimental method.
Background
The research on the action of carbon dioxide and petroleum hydrocarbon in pore medium in oil deposit environment is a comprehensive technology for improving the recovery ratio of crude oil by changing the composition and fluidity of petroleum hydrocarbon with carbon dioxide. Through continuous research and field tests in recent years, the application of carbon dioxide in oil fields has been developed greatly, and the carbon dioxide is used for huffing and puff in high wax oil wells and organic matter sediment blocking oil wells, so that the conventional yield increasing technology is realized; the carbon dioxide flooding oil has strong technical accumulation for improving the recovery ratio, and the carbon dioxide flooding oil plays a very important role in improving the recovery ratio of the oil field with high water content and the oil field after polymer flooding.
Compared with other tertiary oil recovery technologies, the carbon dioxide oil recovery technology has the advantages of wide application range, simple process, low investment, quick response, multiple functions, low cost, no pollution and the like, and is a tertiary oil recovery technology with the most development prospect at present. However, the injection of gas is very likely to cause the precipitation of heavy organics such as asphaltene, colloid and paraffin in crude oil, which causes the reduction of storage permeability and the reversion of wettability, and seriously affects the transportation and exploitation of crude oil. The existing theoretical research results can not meet the theoretical requirements of oil field production, and particularly lack a visual carbon dioxide microscopic oil displacement process under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure and mechanism analysis of a carbon dioxide asphaltene precipitation process. Therefore, it is necessary to research a visual microscopic experimental method and device for carbon dioxide flooding ultra-heavy oil capable of adjusting temperature and pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a visual microscopic experiment method for high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil, and the visual simulation oil displacement experiment research device is used for solving the problem that the research on microbial oil displacement under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition cannot be simulated at present. The invention relates to a petroleum and natural gas flow experimental device, which can utilize a common glass microscopic experimental model to carry out various microscopic experiments with the pressure below 30MPa, the pressure difference below 8MPa and the temperature below 150 ℃, wherein the size of the experimental model is 40mm multiplied by 40mm, and the pore volume is about 50 multiplied by 10-9m3The separation condition of asphaltene in the process of flooding thickened oil by carbon dioxide under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure can be completed.
The device used in the method comprises a model holder for holding the microscopic visual model, a displacement system, a back pressure system, a confining pressure system, a pressure monitoring system, a temperature control system, a gas-liquid separation system and an image acquisition system; wherein,
the model holder comprises a cylinder body, wherein a fluid inflow hole, a fluid outflow hole, a confining pressure hole and a temperature measuring hole are formed in the cylinder body; the microscopic visual model is positioned in the middle of the cylinder body and provided with an inlet and an outlet, the fluid inflow hole is communicated with the inlet, the fluid outflow hole is communicated with the outlet, the temperature measuring hole is arranged below the fluid inflow hole, and the confining pressure hole is arranged below the fluid outflow hole;
the displacement system comprises a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, a first gas flowmeter, a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, a water pumping mechanism and an oil pumping mechanism, wherein the carbon dioxide gas cylinder is connected with the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism through the first gas flowmeter and used for conveying carbon dioxide to the upper part of a piston of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, the water pumping mechanism and the oil pumping mechanism are respectively connected with a fluid inflow hole of a model holder, carbon dioxide pumped into the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, water pumped into the water pumping mechanism and oil pumped into the microscopic visual model through the fluid inflow hole by the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, pipelines at the lower parts of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, the water pumping mechanism and the oil pumping mechanism are pumped into deionized water, the deionized water is pumped into the lower part of a pump cylinder body in the double-cylinder constant, providing pressure for the experiment; the first gas flowmeter is used for measuring the injection amount of the gas;
the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump is a high-pressure plunger pump and has two working modes of constant speed and constant pressure and a plurality of different working modes under corresponding modes: the invention adopts a constant speed (constant flow) working mode, can continuously provide liquid with constant flow speed and without pulse, simultaneously automatically detects pressure and flow signals in the two pump cylinders, and has the pressure protection function;
a back pressure system in communication with the fluid outflow bore of the mold gripper to pressurize the outlet of the micro-visual mold to a predetermined pressure; the back pressure system comprises a manual pump and a back pressure buffer tank, and a valve is arranged between the manual pump and the back pressure buffer tank;
the confining pressure system is composed of a confining pressure tracking pump, the confining pressure tracking pump is an electronic digital display pump and can track pressure change in real time, and the confining pressure tracking pump is communicated with a confining pressure hole of the model holder, so that the microscopic visual model is always in an environment with preset pressure;
the pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring confining pressure, back pressure and pressures of an inlet and an outlet of the microscopic visual model;
the temperature control system is communicated with the temperature measuring hole through the temperature measuring probe to provide a constant temperature environment for the microscopic visual model in the model holder;
the gas-liquid separation system comprises a gas-liquid separator, a liquid storage beaker, an analytical balance, a drying agent and a second gas flowmeter, after the oil-gas mixture enters the gas-liquid separator, the gas rises and passes through the drying agent, the gas quantity flowing out of the microscopic visual model is measured by the second gas flowmeter, oil slides down to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator along the pipe wall by virtue of gravity and flows to the liquid storage beaker, and the oil quantity flowing out of the microscopic visual model is measured by the analytical balance; accurately measuring the consumption of the carbon dioxide gas through the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter;
the image acquisition system is used for displaying and recording the flow state and asphaltene precipitation condition in the microscopic visual model in real time;
the visual microscopic experiment device also comprises a back pressure valve, one of the pipelines led out from the fluid outflow hole is respectively connected with a back pressure buffer tank of the back pressure system and a gas-liquid separator of the gas-liquid separation system through the back pressure valve, the other pipeline is connected into a vacuum container, and the vacuum container is connected with a vacuum pump. The vacuum container and the vacuum pump can reduce the residual gas in the cylinder body by vacuumizing, and ensure that the whole clamp holder is filled with liquid.
A pressure regulating valve is arranged between the carbon dioxide gas bottle and the first gas flowmeter, a one-way valve is arranged behind the first gas flowmeter, and pressure gauges are arranged before the carbon dioxide pump pumping mechanism, the water pumping mechanism and the oil pumping mechanism.
The image acquisition system comprises a light source, a video recorder, an image display and a bracket; the model holder is fixed on the bracket, and a light source is arranged on the bracket base; the upper end of the model holder is connected with a video recorder which is connected with an image display.
The model holder also comprises an upper sealing cover, a lower sealing cover, upper quartz glass and lower quartz glass, the microscopic visual model is placed between the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover, the upper quartz glass and the lower quartz glass are respectively embedded in the upper sealing cover and the lower sealing cover, and the flowing state of fluid in the microscopic visual model is observed through the upper observation window, the lower observation window and the upper quartz glass and the lower quartz glass.
The microscopic visual model is a transparent two-dimensional plane model, and is prepared by photoetching the pore system of the natural core on a plane glass and sintering and molding, wherein the pore volume is 50ul, and the porosity is 37%.
The predetermined pressure is 15 MPa.
The viscosity of the super-thick oil is 20000-40000 mPa.s.
The method for carrying out the simulation experiment by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
opening an upper sealing cover of the model holder, filling deionized water into a lower cylinder body of the model holder, and placing the microscopic visual model on an annular step in the middle of the inner wall of the cylinder body under the condition that an inlet and an outlet of the microscopic visual model are not filled with gas, so that bubbles are prevented from being generated between the lower cylinder body and the microscopic visual model in the placing process, and the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model are opposite to and communicated with a fluid inflow hole and a fluid outflow hole; after the microscopic visual model is placed, adding deionized water into the upper cylinder body, preferably with the height of about 2cm, slowly screwing the upper sealing cover of the clamp holder in an emptying state, and closing the emptying valve of the model clamp holder after ensuring that air bubbles are completely removed; when bubbles exist in the model holder, a vacuum pump and a vacuum container are utilized to vacuumize and remove the bubbles, and an emptying valve of the model holder is closed; at the moment, a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, a water pumping mechanism, an oil pumping mechanism, a microscopic visual model, a back pressure valve and a gas-liquid separation system in the displacement system are combined into a closed flowing space;
opening a temperature control system, carrying out constant temperature heating on the microscopic visual model, preferably 90 ℃, and injecting formation water into a hollow cavity of the model holder through a confining pressure hole by a confining pressure tracking pump along with the rise of temperature, so that the confining pressure value is gradually increased; meanwhile, opening a regulating valve of the water pumping mechanism, when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump is displayed as a preset pressure, opening the regulating valve of the water pumping mechanism, injecting the formation water pumped into the mechanism into the microscopic visual model through the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, wherein the injection speed is changed according to the confining pressure, the confining pressure is quickly increased, and the injection speed is quickly adjusted; the confining pressure slowly rises, the injection speed is slowed, the back pressure valve is adjusted along with the rising of the confining pressure, the back pressure is increased through the manual pump, the pressure of the water pumping mechanism injected into the microscopic visual model is ensured to be equal to the pressure of the back pressure, namely the pressure values of the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model are ensured to be equal; until the temperature reaches a constant temperature, preferably 90 ℃, the confining pressure is stable, the confining pressure reaches a preset pressure, and the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model is also the preset pressure;
thirdly, closing regulating valves of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism and the water pumping mechanism, opening the regulating valve of the oil pumping mechanism when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump shows a preset pressure, injecting crude oil pumped into the oil pumping mechanism into the microscopic visual model through the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump, and saturating the microscopic visual model until no water flows out from an outlet of the microscopic visual model; observing and recording the microscopic visual model through a video recorder and an image display, and recording the state of saturated oil of the microscopic visual model;
(IV) closing an adjusting valve of the oil pumping mechanism, opening a carbon dioxide gas bottle to enable carbon dioxide gas to enter the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, opening the adjusting valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump is displayed as preset pressure, injecting the carbon dioxide gas pumped into the mechanism into the microscopic visual model at a first preset speed, carrying out a carbon dioxide displacement experiment, enabling the effluent liquid to enter a gas-liquid separator, enabling the gas to rise and be measured by a second gas flowmeter to obtain the amount of gas flowing out of the microscopic visual model, enabling the oil to slide to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator along the pipe wall by virtue of gravity, enabling the oil to flow to a liquid storage beaker, and measuring the amount of oil flowing out of; after the carbon dioxide injection amount reaches a first preset injection amount, ending the carbon dioxide displacement simulation, and displaying and recording the precipitation position of the asphaltene and the residual oil distribution, the residual oil form and the marked characteristic area in the microscopic visual model in the carbon dioxide displacement simulation process through an image acquisition system; accurately measuring the consumption of the carbon dioxide gas through the first gas flowmeter and the second gas flowmeter;
closing a regulating valve of a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, ensuring that the microscopic visual model is kept standing for 1 day at a constant temperature under a preset pressure, and displaying and recording the distribution, the form and the marked characteristic area of the residual oil in the microscopic visual model through an image acquisition system every 6 hours so as to observe the asphaltene precipitation position; the precise pressure gauges of the temperature control system and the pressure monitoring system are observed at any time during the period, so that the microscopic visual model is always in a constant high-temperature high-pressure environment;
opening a regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism, and continuing carbon dioxide flooding on the microscopic visual model, namely opening the regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump is displayed as a preset pressure, injecting carbon dioxide gas pumped into the mechanism at a second preset speed into the microscopic visual model, performing a carbon dioxide flooding experiment, and after the injection amount of the carbon dioxide reaches a second preset injection amount, finishing the carbon dioxide flooding, and similarly recording a subsequent carbon dioxide flooding process through the image acquisition system;
after the experiment is finished, the temperature of the microscopic visual model is slowly reduced through the temperature control system, and the pressure is slowly reduced after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, so that the ambient pressure, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the microscopic visual model are simultaneously reduced; and (5) sorting and analyzing the experimental results.
Wherein the first predetermined speed and the second predetermined speed are 0.008 mL/min; the first predetermined shot size and the second predetermined shot size are 1.0 pore volumes, i.e., 1.0 PV.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can carry out the carbon dioxide flooding ultra-heavy oil visualization microscopic experiment under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and can conveniently and effectively select the experiment temperature and the confining pressure of the carbon dioxide flooding heavy oil visualization microscopic model according to the actual oil reservoir temperature and pressure conditions.
2. The experimental device has the advantages of simple and convenient temperature and pressure control technology, small use space, excellent safety performance and simple and convenient operation according to actual oil reservoir conditions, is convenient for observing the action mechanism of carbon dioxide and petroleum hydrocarbon and the precipitation condition of asphaltene under a visual condition, and has important significance for the wide application and popularization of microscopic experiments in the petroleum industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-heavy oil visualization microscopic experimental device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mold gripper of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a carbon dioxide cylinder; 2-pressure regulating valve; 3-a first gas flow meter; 4-a one-way valve; 5-a pressure gauge; 6-a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism; 7-pumping water into the mechanism; 8-oil pumping-in mechanism; 9-video recorder; 10-a temperature control system; 11-a temperature measuring probe; 12-image display; 13-a second gas flow meter; 14-a desiccant; 15-gas-liquid distributor; 16-liquid storage beaker; 17-analytical balance; 18-back pressure buffer tank; 19-a manual pump; 20-vacuum container; 21-a vacuum pump; 22-double cylinder constant speed constant pressure pump; 23-a confining pressure tracking pump; 24-a mold gripper; 25-deionized water; 26-a valve; 27-a back pressure valve; 28-a light source; 29-upper quartz glass; 30-microscopic visual model; 31-a fluid inflow hole; 32-temperature measuring holes; 33-confining pressure holes; 34-a fluid outflow aperture; 35-a cylinder body; 36-lower quartz glass; 37-lower sealing cover; 38-Upper seal Cap.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experimental device and method.
As shown in fig. 1, the model holder 24 in the apparatus is the core of the experimental system, and its main function is to provide a high-pressure external environment and a suitable constant temperature condition for the microscopic visual model 30, and at the same time, to provide an interface between an external pipeline and the model holder 24, so as to enable various experimental studies under formation conditions by using a common microscopic experimental model. The upper and lower viewing windows provided by the quartz glass allow viewing of the location, morphology, etc. of fluid flow, asphaltene precipitation in the microscopic visual model 30. The model clamper 24 comprises a cylinder body 35, wherein the cylinder body 35 is provided with a fluid inflow hole 31, a fluid outflow hole 34, a confining pressure hole 33 and a temperature measuring hole 32; the microscopic visual model 30 is positioned in the middle of the cylinder body 35, the microscopic visual model 30 is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the fluid inflow hole 31 is communicated with the inlet, the fluid outflow hole 34 is communicated with the outlet, the temperature measuring hole 32 is arranged below the fluid inflow hole 31, and the confining pressure hole 33 is arranged below the fluid outflow hole 34;
the displacement system is a power source of the whole high-temperature and high-pressure device and comprises a carbon dioxide gas cylinder 1, a first gas flowmeter 3, a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22, a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, a water pumping mechanism 7 and an oil pumping mechanism 8, wherein the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 1 is connected with the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6 through the first gas flowmeter 3, for feeding carbon dioxide to the upper part of the piston of the carbon dioxide pumping means 6, the water pumping means 7 and the oil pumping means 8 are connected to the fluid inflow hole 31 of the mold holder 24, and carbon dioxide pumped into the mechanism 6, water pumped into the mechanism 7 and oil pumped into the mechanism 8 are pumped into the microscopic visual model 30 through the fluid inflow hole 31 by the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22, the lower pipelines of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, the water pumping mechanism 7 and the oil pumping mechanism 8 are introduced into deionized water 25; the first gas flow meter 3 is used for measuring the injection amount of gas; the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, the water pumping mechanism 7 and the oil pumping mechanism 8 are internally provided with pistons, experimental fluid (carbon dioxide, formation water and crude oil) is stored at the upper parts of the pistons of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, the water pumping mechanism 7 and the oil pumping mechanism 8, the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22 is used for pumping the pressure fluid into the lower part of the intermediate container and pushing the pistons to move upwards, the experimental fluid flows into the fluid inflow hole 31 of the clamp holder at a preset pressure, such as 15MPa, through the inlet of the microscopic visual model 30, flows through the microscopic visual model 30, flows out through the fluid outflow hole 34 of the model clamp holder 24 through the outlet of the microscopic visual model 30, and flows into the gas-liquid separator 15 through the back-pressure valve 27.
A back pressure system in communication with the fluid outflow bore 34 of the mold gripper 24 to pressurize the outlet of the micro-visualization mold 30 to a predetermined pressure; the back pressure system comprises a manual pump 19 and a back pressure buffer tank 18, and a valve 26 is arranged between the manual pump 19 and the back pressure buffer tank 18; the manual pump 19 directly squeezes liquid into the back pressure buffer tank 18, squeezes the fluid in the tank into the microscopic visual model 30 through the piston, makes the export of the microscopic visual model 30 pressurize to the predetermined pressure, for example 15MPa, guarantees that the pressure of the import of the microscopic visual model and the pressure of the export are equal, and then maintains the integrality of the microscopic visual model 30, and the back pressure buffer tank 18 is mainly used for buffering the fluctuation of the pressure, and plays the role of pressure stabilization and unloading.
The confining pressure system is composed of a confining pressure tracking pump 23, the confining pressure tracking pump 23 is an electronic digital display pump and can track the change of pressure in real time, and the confining pressure tracking pump 23 is communicated with a confining pressure hole 33 of the model holder 24, so that the microscopic visual model 30 is always in an environment with preset pressure; a confining pressure tracking pump 23 provides a pressure source within the mold holder 24 that provides a confining pressure, such as 15MPa, outside the microscopic visual mold 30. Ensuring that the flowing simulation stratum environment of the microscopic visual model is carried out in a high-temperature high-pressure environment; and the microscopic visual model 30 can be tightly pressed on the fixed frame in the middle of the cylinder body to ensure sealing.
The pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring confining pressure, back pressure and pressures of an inlet and an outlet of the microscopic visual model, and the operability and the safety of the whole high-temperature high-pressure experimental process are ensured;
the temperature control system 10 is communicated with the temperature measuring hole 32 through the temperature measuring probe 11 to provide a constant temperature environment for the microscopic visual model 30 in the model holder 24;
the gas-liquid separation system comprises a gas-liquid separator 15, a liquid storage beaker 16, an analytical balance 17, a drying agent 14 and a second gas flowmeter 13, after the oil-gas mixture enters the gas-liquid separator 15, the gas rises through the drying agent 14, the gas quantity flowing out of the microscopic visual model 30 is measured by the second gas flowmeter 13, the oil slides down to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 15 along the pipe wall by virtue of gravity and flows to the liquid storage beaker 16, and the oil quantity flowing out of the microscopic visual model 30 is measured by the analytical balance 17; the consumption amount of the carbon dioxide gas is accurately measured by the first gas flowmeter 3 and the second gas flowmeter 13; the carbon dioxide is measured to solve the action mechanism between the carbon dioxide and the thick oil, and the obtained oil is qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography to obtain the action mechanism.
The image acquisition system is used for displaying and recording the flow state in the microscopic visual model 30 in real time;
the visual microscopic experimental device further comprises a back pressure valve 27, one of the pipelines led out from the fluid outflow hole 34 is respectively connected with a back pressure buffer tank 18 of a back pressure system and a gas-liquid separator 15 of a gas-liquid separation system through the back pressure valve 27, the other pipeline is connected into a vacuum container 20, and the vacuum container 20 is connected with a vacuum pump 21.
A pressure regulating valve 2 is arranged between a carbon dioxide gas bottle 1 and a first gas flowmeter 3, a one-way valve 4 is arranged behind the first gas flowmeter 3, and pressure gauges 5 are arranged before a carbon dioxide pump pumping mechanism 6, a water pumping mechanism 7 and an oil pump pumping mechanism 8.
The image acquisition system comprises a light source 28, a video recorder 9, an image display 12 and a bracket; the model holder 24 is fixed on the bracket, and the bracket base is provided with a light source 28; the upper end of the model clamper 24 is connected with a video recorder 9 which is connected with the image display 12. After the plane light source 28 is turned on, light passes through the lower quartz glass 36, the microscopic visual model 30 and the upper quartz glass 29 of the model clamper 24, and the fluid flowing state in the microscopic visual model 30 is captured, amplified and imaged by the CDD video recorder 9, and is displayed and recorded on the image display 12 as the later experimental phenomenon analysis data.
The mold holder 24 further comprises a holder upper sealing cover 38 having an upper observation window, a holder lower sealing cover 37 having a lower observation window, an upper quartz glass 29 and a lower quartz glass 36, the microscopic visual mold 30 is placed between the upper sealing cover 38 and the lower sealing cover 37, the upper sealing cover 38 and the lower sealing cover 37 are embedded with the upper quartz glass 29 and the lower quartz glass 36, respectively, and the fluid flowing state in the microscopic visual mold 30 is observed through the upper and lower observation windows and the upper and lower quartz glasses.
The microscopic visual model 30 is a transparent two-dimensional plane model, and is made by photoetching a pore system of a natural rock core on plane glass and sintering and molding, and drilling small holes at two opposite corners of the model respectively, namely an inlet and an outlet of the model, so as to simulate an injection well and a production well and realize the simulation of geometric morphology and a displacement process.
In the experiment, the predetermined pressure was 15 MPa. The viscosity of the adopted super-thick oil is 20000-40000 mPa.s.
When the device is adopted to carry out simulation experiments, the method comprises the following steps:
opening an upper sealing cover 38 of the model holder 24, filling deionized water in a lower cylinder of the model holder 24, and placing the microscopic visual model 30 on an annular step in the middle of the inner wall of the cylinder 35 under the condition that no gas exists at an inlet and an outlet of the microscopic visual model 30, wherein bubbles are prevented from occurring between the lower cylinder and the microscopic visual model 30 in the placing process, and the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model 30 are opposite to and communicated with the fluid inflow hole 31 and the fluid outflow hole 34; after the microscopic visual model 30 is placed, deionized water is added into the upper cylinder body, the height is preferably about 2cm, the upper sealing cover 38 of the clamp holder is screwed down slowly in an emptying state, and after bubbles are completely eliminated, the emptying valve of the model clamp holder 24 is closed; when bubbles exist in the mold clamp 24, the vacuum pump 21 and the vacuum container 20 are used for vacuumizing to remove the bubbles and the valve is closed; at the moment, a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22, a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, a water pumping mechanism 7, an oil pumping mechanism 8, a microscopic visual model 30, a back pressure valve 27 and a gas-liquid separation system in the displacement system are combined into a closed flowing space;
secondly, the temperature control system 10 is opened, the microscopic visual model 30 is heated at a constant temperature, preferably 90 ℃, and with the temperature rise, formation water is injected into the hollow cavity of the model holder 24 through the confining pressure hole 33 by the confining pressure tracking pump 23, so that the confining pressure value is gradually increased; meanwhile, opening a regulating valve of the water pumping mechanism 7, when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22 shows a preset pressure, opening the regulating valve of the water pumping mechanism 7, and injecting the formation water pumped into the mechanism 7 into the microscopic visual model through the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22, wherein the injection speed is changed according to the confining pressure, the confining pressure is quickly increased, and the injection speed is adjusted to be high; the confining pressure slowly rises, the injection speed is slowed, the back pressure valve 27 is adjusted along with the rising of the confining pressure, the back pressure is increased through the manual pump 19, the pressure of the water pumping mechanism 7 injected into the microscopic visual model 30 is ensured to be equal to the pressure of the back pressure, namely, the pressure values of the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model 30 are ensured to be equal; until the temperature reaches a constant temperature, preferably 90 ℃, the confining pressure is stable, the confining pressure reaches a preset pressure, and the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model 30 is also the preset pressure;
thirdly, closing regulating valves of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6 and the water pumping mechanism 7, opening the regulating valve of the oil pumping mechanism 8 when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22 shows a preset pressure, injecting crude oil in the oil pumping mechanism 8 into the microscopic visual model 30 through the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22, and saturating the microscopic visual model 30 until no water flows out from an outlet of the microscopic visual model 30; observing and recording the microscopic visual model 30 through the video recorder 9 and the image display 12, and recording the state of the saturated simulation oil of the microscopic visual model 30;
(IV) closing an adjusting valve of the oil pumping mechanism 8, opening a carbon dioxide gas bottle 1 to enable carbon dioxide gas to enter the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, opening the adjusting valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6 when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22 shows a preset pressure, injecting the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6 into the microscopic visual model 30 at a first preset speed, performing a carbon dioxide displacement experiment, enabling effluent liquid to enter a gas-liquid separator 15, enabling the gas to ascend and be measured by a second gas flowmeter 13 to obtain the amount of gas flowing out of the microscopic visual model 30, enabling the oil to slide to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator 15 along the pipe wall by virtue of gravity, flowing to a liquid storage beaker 16, and measuring the amount of oil flowing out of the microscopic visual model 30 by virtue of; when the carbon dioxide injection amount reaches a first preset injection amount, ending the carbon dioxide displacement simulation, and displaying and recording the precipitation position of the asphaltene and the residual oil distribution, the residual oil form and the marked characteristic area in the microscopic visual model 30 in the carbon dioxide displacement simulation process through an image acquisition system; the consumption amount of the carbon dioxide gas is accurately measured by the first gas flowmeter 3 and the second gas flowmeter 13;
closing a regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, ensuring that the microscopic visual model 30 is kept standing for 1 day at a constant temperature under a preset pressure, and displaying and recording the distribution, the form and the marked characteristic area of the residual oil in the microscopic visual model 30 through an image acquisition system every 6 hours so as to observe the asphaltene precipitation position; the precise pressure gauges of the temperature control system 10 and the pressure monitoring system are observed at any time during the period, so that the microscopic visual model 30 is always in a constant high-temperature high-pressure environment;
sixthly, opening a regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, and continuing to drive the microscopic visual model 30 with carbon dioxide, namely when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump 22 shows a preset pressure, opening the regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6, injecting the carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism 6 into the microscopic visual model 30 at a second preset speed, performing a carbon dioxide displacement experiment, and when the injection amount of the carbon dioxide reaches a second preset injection amount, finishing the carbon dioxide drive, and similarly recording a subsequent carbon dioxide drive process through the image acquisition system;
after the experiment is finished, the temperature of the microscopic visual model 30 is slowly reduced through the temperature control system 10, and the pressure is slowly reduced after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, so that the ambient pressure, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the microscopic visual model 30 are reduced at the same time; and (5) sorting and analyzing the experimental results.
Wherein the first predetermined speed and the second predetermined speed are 0.008 mL/min; the first and second predetermined implant rates are 1.0 PV.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for carrying out simulation experiment on a visual microscopic experiment device for high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding of super-heavy oil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the device applied by the method comprises a model holder (24) holding a microscopic visual model, a displacement system, a back pressure system, a confining pressure system, a pressure monitoring system, a temperature control system (10), a gas-liquid separation system and an image acquisition system; wherein:
the model holder (24) comprises a cylinder body (35), wherein the cylinder body (35) is provided with a fluid inflow hole (31), a fluid outflow hole (34), a confining pressure hole (33) and a temperature measuring hole (32); the microscopic visual model (30) is positioned in the middle of the cylinder body (35), the microscopic visual model (30) is provided with an inlet and an outlet, the fluid inflow hole (31) is communicated with the inlet, and the fluid outflow hole (34) is communicated with the outlet;
the displacement system comprises a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (1), a first gas flowmeter (3), a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22), a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), a water pumping mechanism (7) and an oil pumping mechanism (8), wherein the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (1) is connected with the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6) through the first gas flowmeter (3), the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), the water pumping mechanism (7) and the oil pumping mechanism (8) are respectively connected with a fluid inflow hole (31) of a model holder (24), carbon dioxide pumped into the mechanism (6), water pumped into the mechanism (7) and oil pumped into the mechanism (8) are pumped into the microscopic visual model (30) through the fluid inflow hole (31) by the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22), the lower pipelines of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), the water pumping mechanism (7) and the oil pumping mechanism (8) are introduced into deionized water (25);
the back pressure system is communicated with a fluid outflow hole (34) of the model holder (24), the back pressure system comprises a manual pump (19) and a back pressure buffer tank (18), and a valve (26) is arranged between the manual pump (19) and the back pressure buffer tank (18);
the confining pressure system is composed of a confining pressure tracking pump (23), the confining pressure tracking pump (23) is an electronic digital display pump, the confining pressure tracking pump (23) is communicated with a confining pressure hole (33) of the model holder (24), and the microscopic visual model (30) is always in an environment with preset pressure;
the pressure monitoring system is used for monitoring confining pressure, back pressure and pressures of an inlet and an outlet of the microscopic visual model;
the temperature control system (10) is communicated with the temperature measuring hole (32) through the temperature measuring probe (11) to provide a constant temperature environment for the microscopic visual model (30) in the model holder (24);
the gas-liquid separation system comprises a gas-liquid separator (15), a liquid storage beaker (16), an analytical balance (17), a drying agent (14) and a second gas flowmeter (13), after the oil-gas mixture enters the gas-liquid separator (15), the gas rises through the drying agent (14), the gas quantity flowing out of the microscopic visual model (30) is measured by the second gas flowmeter (13), the oil slides down to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator (15) along the pipe wall by virtue of gravity and flows to the liquid storage beaker (16), and the oil quantity flowing out of the microscopic visual model (30) is measured by the analytical balance (17); accurately measuring the consumption of the carbon dioxide gas through a first gas flowmeter (3) and a second gas flowmeter (13);
the image acquisition system is used for displaying and recording the flow state in the microscopic visual model (30) in real time;
the visual microscopic experiment device also comprises a back pressure valve (27), one of the pipelines led out from the fluid outflow hole (34) is respectively connected with a back pressure buffer tank (18) of a back pressure system and a gas-liquid separator (15) of a gas-liquid separation system through the back pressure valve (27), the other pipeline is connected with a vacuum container (20), and the vacuum container (20) is connected with a vacuum pump (21);
the image acquisition system comprises a light source (28), a video recorder (9), an image display (12) and a bracket; the model holder (24) is fixed on the bracket, and a light source (28) is arranged on the bracket base; the upper end of the model holder (24) is connected with a video recorder (9) which is connected with an image display (12);
the method comprises the following steps:
opening an upper sealing cover (38) of the model holder (24), filling deionized water into a lower cylinder of the model holder (24), and placing the microscopic visual model (30) on an annular step in the middle of the inner wall of the cylinder (35) under the condition that no gas exists at an inlet and an outlet of the microscopic visual model (30), wherein bubbles are prevented from occurring between the lower cylinder and the microscopic visual model (30) in the placing process, and the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model (30) are opposite to and communicated with the fluid inflow hole (31) and the fluid outflow hole (34); after the microscopic visual model (30) is placed, deionized water is added into the upper cylinder body, an upper sealing cover (38) of the clamp holder is screwed down slowly in an emptying state, and after bubbles are completely removed, an emptying valve of the model clamp holder (24) is closed; when air bubbles exist in the model clamper (24), a vacuum pump (21) and a vacuum container (20) are used for vacuumizing to remove the air bubbles, and an air release valve of the model clamper (24) is closed; at the moment, a double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22), a carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), a water pumping mechanism (7), an oil pumping mechanism (8), a microscopic visual model (30), a back pressure valve (27) and a gas-liquid separation system in the displacement system are combined into a closed flowing space;
secondly, opening the temperature control system (10), carrying out constant temperature heating on the microscopic visual model (30), and injecting formation water into a hollow cavity of the model holder (24) through a confining pressure hole (33) by a confining pressure tracking pump (23) along with the rise of the temperature, so that the confining pressure value is gradually increased; meanwhile, opening a regulating valve of the water pumping mechanism (7), when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22) shows a preset pressure, opening the regulating valve of the water pumping mechanism (7), and injecting the formation water pumped into the mechanism (7) into the microscopic visual model (30) through the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22), wherein the injection speed is changed according to the confining pressure, the confining pressure is quickly increased, and the injection speed is adjusted quickly; the confining pressure slowly rises, the injection speed is slowed down, the back pressure valve (27) is adjusted along with the rising of the confining pressure, the back pressure is increased through the manual pump (19), the pressure of the water pumping mechanism (7) injected into the microscopic visual model (30) is ensured to be equal to the pressure of the back pressure, namely the pressure values of the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model (30) are ensured to be equal; until the temperature reaches a fixed temperature, the confining pressure is stable, the confining pressure reaches a preset pressure, and the pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the microscopic visual model (30) is also the preset pressure;
thirdly, regulating valves of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6) and the water pumping mechanism (7) are closed, when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22) shows a preset pressure, the regulating valve of the oil pumping mechanism (8) is opened, crude oil in the oil pumping mechanism (8) is injected into the microscopic visual model (30) through the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22), the microscopic visual model (30) is saturated with oil, and until no water flows out from an outlet of the microscopic visual model (30); observing and recording the microscopic visual model (30) through a video recorder (9) and an image display (12), and recording the state of saturated oil of the microscopic visual model (30);
(IV) closing the regulating valve of the oil pumping mechanism (8), opening the carbon dioxide gas bottle (1) to enable the carbon dioxide gas to enter the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22) shows a preset pressure, the regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6) is opened, carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the mechanism (6) at a first predetermined rate into the microscopic visual model (30), performing a carbon dioxide displacement experiment, after the effluent liquid enters a gas-liquid separator (15), the gas rises and is measured by a second gas flowmeter (13) to obtain the gas amount flowing out of the microscopic visual model (30), the oil slides down to the lower part of the gas-liquid separator (15) along the pipe wall by gravity and flows to a liquid storage beaker (16), measuring the amount of oil flowing out of the microscopic visual model (30) by an analytical balance (17); when the carbon dioxide injection amount reaches a first preset injection amount, ending the carbon dioxide displacement simulation, and displaying and recording the precipitation position of the asphaltene and the residual oil distribution, the residual oil form and the marked characteristic area in the microscopic visual model (30) in the carbon dioxide displacement simulation process through an image acquisition system; accurately measuring the consumption of the carbon dioxide gas through a first gas flowmeter (3) and a second gas flowmeter (13);
closing a regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), ensuring that the microscopic visual model (30) is kept standing for 1 day at a constant temperature under a preset pressure, and displaying and recording the distribution, the form and the marked characteristic area of the residual oil in the microscopic visual model (30) through an image acquisition system every 6 hours so as to observe the asphaltene precipitation position; the precise pressure gauges of the temperature control system (10) and the pressure monitoring system are observed at any time during the period, so that the microscopic visual model (30) is always in a constant high-temperature high-pressure environment;
sixthly, opening a regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), and continuing carbon dioxide flooding on the microscopic visual model (30), namely when the pressure of the double-cylinder constant-speed constant-pressure pump (22) is displayed as preset pressure, opening the regulating valve of the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6), injecting carbon dioxide gas in the carbon dioxide pumping mechanism (6) into the microscopic visual model (30) at a second preset speed, performing a carbon dioxide flooding experiment, and when the injection amount of the carbon dioxide reaches a second preset injection amount, finishing the carbon dioxide flooding, and recording the subsequent carbon dioxide flooding process through the image acquisition system;
after the experiment is finished, the temperature of the microscopic visual model (30) is slowly reduced through the temperature control system (10), and the pressure is slowly reduced after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, so that the ambient pressure, the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure of the microscopic visual model (30) are ensured to be reduced simultaneously; the experimental results are collated and analyzed;
the viscosity of the super-thick oil is 20000-40000 mPa.s.
2. The method for carrying out simulation experiment by using the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a pressure regulating valve (2) is arranged between the carbon dioxide gas bottle (1) and the first gas flowmeter (3), a one-way valve (4) is arranged behind the first gas flowmeter (3), and a pressure gauge (5) is arranged in front of the carbon dioxide pump pumping mechanism (6), the water pump pumping mechanism (7) and the oil pump pumping mechanism (8).
3. The method for carrying out simulation experiment by using the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the model holder (24) further comprises an upper sealing cover (38), a lower sealing cover (37), upper quartz glass (29) and lower quartz glass (36), the microscopic visual model (30) is placed between the upper sealing cover (38) and the lower sealing cover (37), and the upper quartz glass (29) and the lower quartz glass (36) are respectively embedded in the upper sealing cover (38) and the lower sealing cover (37).
4. The method for carrying out simulation experiment by using the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the microscopic visual model (30) is a transparent two-dimensional plane model, and is made by photoetching the pore system of the natural core on a plane glass and sintering and forming.
5. The method for carrying out simulation experiment by using the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the predetermined pressure is 15 MPa.
6. The method for carrying out simulation experiment by using the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide flooding ultra-thick oil visualization microscopic experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first predetermined speed and the second predetermined speed are 0.008 mL/min; the first and second predetermined implant rates are 1.0 PV.
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