CN106432315B - 一种基于氟硼吡咯的Cys荧光探针的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种基于氟硼吡咯的Cys荧光探针的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于氟硼吡咯的测定半胱氨酸(Cys)荧光探针的制备方法和应用,该探针的结构式为:。本发明提供了一种结构简单的基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的Cys荧光探针的制备方法,是一个用于直接测量Cys浓度的基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的荧光探针。在这个体系中,该荧光探针表现出很好的选择性,不受其它生物硫醇(Hcy,GSH)及其它19种氨基酸的干扰。该探针对Cys表现出很高的灵敏度,当加入3当量的Cys时,荧光强度增强23倍。当pH值在6.0到8.0之间时,荧光探针对Cys的测定不受pH的影响。该荧光探针与Cys作用迅速,响应时间在6分钟以内。此外,该探针还可以应用于细胞成像,检测细胞内的Cys。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针技术领域,具体涉及一种基于氟硼吡咯的Cys荧光探针的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
半胱氨酸(Cys)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)以及谷胱甘肽(GSH)统称为生物硫醇,他们在生命活动中发挥着重要的作用(Z.A.Wood,E.Schroder,J.R.Harris and L.B.Poole,Trends.Biochem.Sci.,2003,28,32-40.)。这些硫醇在生物体内的浓度的变化与某些生命过程正常与否息息相关(Y.Murata,T.Shimamura and J.Hamuro,Int.Immunol.,2002,14,201-212.)。研究表明,过高的Cys浓度是心血管疾病以及阿尔茨海默氏症的一大诱因,并且血浆中的Cys浓度与出生缺陷和老年痴呆症有很大关系(S.E.Vollset,H.Refsum,L.MIrgens,B.M.Emblem,A.Tverdal,H.K.Gjessing,A.L.B.Monsen,and P.M.Ueland,Am.J.Clin.Nutr.,2000,71,962-968.)。因此,找到一种准确、高效的在生物样品内检测Cys含量的方法有着重要的意义。
荧光检测方法以其高灵敏度,操作简单,并且可应用于细胞成像等优点,受到了广泛的关注(文献1:A.P.de Silva,H.Q.N.Gunaratne,T.Gunnlaugsson,A.J.M.Huxley,C.P.McCoy,J.T.Rademacher and T.E.Rice,Chem.Rev.,1997,97,1515-1566;文献2:G.Aragay,J.Pons and A.Merkoci,Chem.Rev.,2011,111,3433-3458;文献3:K.P.Carter,A.M.Young and A.E.Palmer,Chem.Rev.,2014,114,4564-4601.)。近年来,报道了一些用于检测生物硫醇的荧光分子探针(文献1:H.S.Jung,X.Chen,J.S.Kim and J.Yoon,Chem.Soc.Rev.,2013,42,6019-6031;文献2:L.Y.Niu,Y.Z.Chen,H.R.Zheng,L.Z.Wu,C.H.Tung and Q.Z.Yang,Chem.Soc.Rev.,2015,DOI:10.1039/c5cs00152h;文献3:Q.Miao,Q.Li,Q.Yuan,L.Li,Z.Hai,S.Liu,and G.Liang,Anal.Chem.2015,87,3460-3466;文献4:F.Kong,R.Liu,R.Chu,X.Wang,K.Xu and B.Tang,Chem.Commun.,2013,49,9176-9178;文献5:W.Lin,L.Long,L.Yuan,Z.Cao,B.Chen,and W.Tan,Org.Lett.,2008,10,5577-5580.),其中不乏对Cys有高选择性的荧光分子探针(文献1:H.Li,J.Fan,J.Wang,M.Tian,J.Du,S.Sun,P.Sun and X.Peng,Chem.Commun.,2009,39,5904-5906;文献2:J.Zhang,J.Wang,J.Liu,L.Ning,X.Zhu,B.Yu,X.Liu,X.Yao and H.Zhang,Anal.Chem.,2015,87,4856-4863;文献3:Y.Liu,D.Yu,S.Ding,Q.X.,J.Guo and G.Feng,ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2014,6,17543-17550;文献4:B.Liu,J.Wang,G.Zhang,R.Bai and Y.Pang,ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces,2014,6,4402-4407;文献5:L.Wang,J.Du and D.Cao,Sens.Actuators B,2014,205,281-288;文献6:Y.Liu,Y.Liu,W.Liu and S.Liang,Spectrochim.Acta A,2015,137,509-515.)。但由于Hcy与Cys结构上的相似性,大部分探针不能显著区分Hcy与Cys(文献1:H.Chen,Q.Zhao,Y.Wu,F.Li,H.Yang,T.Yi and C.Huang,Inorg.Chem.,2007,46,11075-11081;文献2:H.Y.Lee,Y.P.Choi,S.Kim,T.Yoon,Z.Guo,S.Lee,K.M.K.Swamy,G.Kim,J.Y.Lee,I.Shin and J.Yoon,Chem.Commun.,2014,50,6967-6969;文献3:A.Barve,M.Lowry,J.O.Escobedo,K.T.Huynh,L.Hakuna and R.M.Strongin,Chem.Commun.,2014,50,8219-8222;文献4:H.Peng,K.Wang,C.Dai,S.Williamson andB.Wang,Chem.Commun.,2014,50,13668-13671.)。因此合成一个高选择性、高灵敏度并可应用于检测生物体Cys的荧光分子仍然是一个具有挑战性的课题。
氟硼吡咯(BODIPY)化合物,以其在水相中高的荧光量子产率、pH影响小、可见激发与可见发射以及优良的耐光性等优点,近年来常被用作荧光探针分子的理想染料(文献1:N.Boens,V.Leen and W.Dehaen,Chem.Soc.Rev.,2012,41,1130-1172;文献2:J.J.Shie,Y.C.Liu,Y.M.Lee,C.Lim,J.M.Fang and C.H.Wong,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,2014,136,9953-9961;)。据报道,一些氟硼吡咯衍探针被用于检测生物硫醇(文献1:Y.Zhang,X.Shao,Y.Wang,F.Pan,R.Kang,F.Peng,Z,Huang,W.Zhang and W.Zhao,Chem.Commun.,2015,51,4245-4248;文献2:M.Y.Jia,L,Y,Niu,Y.Zhang,Q.Z.Yang,C.H.Tung,Y.F.Guan andL.Feng,ACSAppl.Mater.Interfaces,2015,7,5907-5914;文献3:J.Shao,H.Sun,H.Guo,S.Ji,J.Zhao,W.Wu,X.Yuan,C.Zhang and T.D.James,Chem.Sci.,2012,3,1049-1061;)。但是,目前为止,还没有用于直接快速检测Cys的氟硼吡咯类荧光分子探针。因此合成一个基于氟硼吡咯类的可直接检测Cys的高选择性、高灵敏度的荧光分子探针具有重大的意义。
发明内容
根据所提出的要求,本发明人对此进行了深入研究,在付出了大量创造性劳动后,提供了一种高灵敏度,高选择性的基于氟硼吡咯衍生物结构新颖的Cys荧光探针。
本发明的技术方案是,一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的Cys荧光探针,其结构式如下:
一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的Cys荧光探针的制备方法。步骤如下:1)在100mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入4-羟基苯甲醛和2,4-二甲基吡咯,其比例为1:2.2,加入30mL二氯甲烷作为溶剂,室温下磁力搅拌,在N2保护的环境下滴加1滴三氟乙酸作为催化剂,继续搅拌4~6h后,将溶解在5mL二氯甲烷中的二氯二氰基苯醌溶液逐滴加入到反应液中,继续搅拌约0.5~1h,然后,向反应液中依次加入0.2mL三乙胺以及0.2mL三氟化硼乙醚,当有黄绿色荧光物产生时,反应完成。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,粗产品以二氯甲烷/己烷1:1(体积比)为淋洗剂,柱层析色谱分离提纯得红色固体(化合物2)。
2)将化合物2溶解在二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,搅拌下逐滴滴加丙烯酰氯(1:1)和催化量的三乙胺,在该温度下搅拌90分钟以后,继续在室温条件下继续搅拌十二小时,反应完成。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗产品用二氯甲烷/己烷为1:3(体积比)的洗脱剂柱层析分离得红色固体(化合物1)。一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的荧光探针的性能研究。制备反应式如下:
本发明的有益效果是:首先,研究了探针的选择性,检测了探针与Cys、Hcy、GSH和其他19种氨基酸(Ala,Ile,Leu,Met,Phe,Pro,Trp,Val,Asn,Gln,Gly,Ser,Thr,Tyr,Asp,Glu,Arg,His,Lys)的荧光响应情况。加入Hcy和GSH及其它19种氨基酸,荧光强度都没有明显的改变,就连与Cys结构极为相似的Hcy,荧光也没有明显的变化;而相同的条件下加入Cys,在517nm处荧光发射峰明显增强,由此可见,荧光探针对Cys有较好的选择性。接着,研究了该探针的荧光光谱性质,加入Cys之前,荧光探针在517nm基本上无荧光;随着Cys的加入,在517nm处荧光出现明显的大幅度的增强,并且随着Cys浓度的增大,探针分子的荧光强度不断增强,当加入3当量的Cys时,荧光强度增强23倍,说明该探针可以实现对Cys高灵敏的检测。其次,还研究了探针的紫外吸收光谱,在没有加入Cys时,探针在500处有较弱的吸收峰,加入Cys之后,在500nm处出现吸收峰的大幅度的增强。最后,研究了pH值对荧光探针测定Cys的影响和荧光探针对Cys的响应时间,当pH值在6.0到8.0之间时,不影响荧光探针对Cys的测定。此外,该荧光探针响应迅速,响应时间在6分钟以内。
一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的荧光探针的应用,将该荧光探针应用于细胞成像中,细胞内的Cys含量非常丰富,因此直接向细胞内加入探针,能检测到强的绿色荧光信号。但是,当在加入探针之前加入一定量的硫醇抑制剂NEM时,细胞内没有荧光信号。然而,当再向此细胞中加入Cys时,检测到细胞内又出现了很强的绿色荧光信号。这些现象表明该荧光探针可以检测细胞内的Cys含量,为进一步监控、检测人体的一些病变提供一种可靠的方法。
附图说明
图1为荧光探针的合成路线。
图2为荧光探针与不同浓度的Cys作用后的荧光光谱图。
横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度。荧光探针的浓度均为10μM,Cys浓度分别为:0,0.2,0.8,2,5,10,15,20,25,30μM。荧光激发波长为480nm。插图为探针对Cys浓度的线性响应图。
图3为荧光探针的选择性图。
横坐标为波长,纵坐标为荧光强度。荧光探针的浓度均为10μM,Cys浓度为30μM,Hcy、GSH及其它19种氨基酸的浓度均为1mM。
图4为荧光探针与Cys作用后的紫外可见吸收光谱图。
横坐标为波长,纵坐标为吸光度。荧光探针的浓度均为10μM,Cys浓度为30μM。
图5为pH对荧光探针的影响图。
图6为荧光探针在不同Cys浓度(0.2,5,10,20μM)下,荧光强度随时间变化的关系曲线图。
图7为细胞毒性试验。横坐标为荧光探针的浓度,纵坐标为细胞的存活率。
图8为Cys的细胞成像图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明,但不限于此。
实施例1:
荧光探针的合成
合成路线如图1所示。
化合物2的合成:在100mL的圆底烧瓶中,依次加入4-羟基苯甲醛(2.0mmol,0.36g)和2,4-二甲基吡咯(4.4mmol,0.42g),再加入30mL二氯甲烷作为溶剂。室温下磁力搅拌,在N2保护的环境下滴加1滴三氟乙酸作为催化剂。继续搅拌约6h后,将溶解在5mL二氯甲烷中的二氯二氰基苯醌(2.0mmol,0.46g)逐滴加入到反应液中,继续搅拌约0.5h。然后,向反应液中依次加入0.4mL三乙胺以及0.4mL三氟化硼乙醚。当有黄绿色荧光物产生时,反应完成。用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,二氯甲烷/己烷1:1(体积比)为淋洗剂,柱层析色谱分离提纯得红色固体0.38g,产率为56.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.94(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.41(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),5.97(s,2H),5.06(s,1H),2.49(s,6H),1.36(s,6H).MS(TOF)m/z 340.1.
Cys探针(化合物1)的合成:在100mL的圆底烧瓶中,将化合物2(1.0mmol,0.34g)溶解在25mL二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,搅拌下逐滴滴加丙烯酰氯(1.2mmol,0.10g)和三乙胺(0.1mL),在该温度下搅拌90分钟以后,继续在室温条件下继续搅拌12小时,反应完成。减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗产品用二氯甲烷/己烷为1:3(体积比)的洗脱剂柱层析分离得红色固体0.25g,产率为64.0%。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.03(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),6.66(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),6.48-6.40(m,1H),6.23(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.10(s,2H),2.56(s,6H),1.35(s,6H).13C NMR(100MHz,CDCl3):191.5,164.3,156.3,142.8,141.4,139.7,136.7,130.8,130.4,129.2,121.6,14.7,14.6.MS(TOF)m/z 394.2.Anal.calcd.forC22H21BF2N2O2(1):C,68.21;H,5.44;N,7.59.Found:C,68.25;H,5.43;N,7.58.结果表明,所得产物结构正确。
实施例2:
荧光探针与Cys作用的溶液配制
将一定量的荧光探针溶解在EtOH中,得到浓度为1.0×10-4mol·L-1探针的备用溶液。将一定量的Cys用水溶解后,转移到500mL的容量瓶中,加水至刻度线,得到浓度为1.0×10-2mol·L-1的Cys。将1.0×10-2mol·L-1的Cys溶液用水逐渐稀释,得到1.0×10-3-1.0×10-8mol·L-1的Cys水溶液。将1.0mL探针的备用溶液和1.0mL的Cys水溶液加入到10mL的容量瓶中,用缓冲溶液定容后,得到浓度为1.0×10-5mol·L-1的荧光探针和1.0×10-3-1.0×10- 8mol·L-1的Cys混合待测溶液。
实施例3:
荧光探针与Cys作用的荧光光谱的测定
用pH值为7.4的缓冲溶液为溶剂测定了荧光探针与Cys作用的荧光光谱,结果如图2。荧光探针的浓度为10μM,Cys的浓度依次为0,0.2,0.8,2,5,10,15,20,25,30μM,激发波长固定为480nm,发射波长范围为500~600nm,狭缝宽度为5.0nm/5.0nm。从图3可以看出,加入Cys之前,荧光探针在517nm处有较弱的荧光发射峰。随着Cys的加入,在517nm处发射峰大幅度的增强,并且随着Cys浓度的增大,探针的荧光强度不断增强,当加入30μM的Cys时,荧光强度增强至未加入Cys时的23倍。这是因为探针分子的醛基与Cys反应生成七元环化合物。如图3的插图所示,荧光强度跟Cys的浓度呈现线性关系,线性范围是2.0×10-7~3.0×10- 5M,检测限是2×10-8M。所用的荧光测定仪器为Perkin Elmer LS 55荧光分光光度计。
实施例4:
荧光探针对Cys测定的选择性
在浓度为10μM的荧光探针溶液中加入Hcy、GSH及其它19种氨基酸(1mM)前后的荧光强度变化。从图3中可以看出,加入其它的生物硫醇和氨基酸,荧光强度都没有明显的改变,就连与Cys结构极为相似的Hcy,荧光也没有变化;而相同的条件下加入Cys,在517nm处出现一个很强的荧光发射峰。这些结果表明,荧光探针对Cys有较好的选择性。
实施例5:
荧光探针与Cys作用的紫外可见吸收光谱性质的测定
图4为荧光探针与Hcy作用后的紫外可见吸收光谱图,Cys的加入量为30μM。从图4中可以看出,没有加入Cys时,探针在500nm处有较弱的吸收峰,加入Cys之后,在该处的吸收峰大幅度增强。紫外可见吸收光谱测定用的仪器为Perkin Elmer Lambda 25型紫外可见分光光度计。
实施例6:
溶液pH值对荧光探针测定Cys的荧光性质的影响
我们考察了pH值对荧光探针测定Cys的荧光强度的影响。我们研究的pH范围为2.0~12.0,荧光探针的浓度为10μM,Cys的浓度为30μM。实验结果如图5所示,荧光探针随着pH的变化,荧光强度基本不变,说明pH对探针本身没有很大的影响。然而,加入Hcy之后,在pH<6范围内随pH的降低,荧光强度逐渐降低。在pH>8范围内,随pH的增大,荧光强度逐渐降低。pH在6~8的范围内荧光强度基本不变。综上所述,当pH值在6.0到8.0之间时,不影响荧光探针对Hcy的测定,这非常有利于该探针用于实际样品中Cys的测定。
实施例7:
荧光探针与Cys作用的响应时间的测定
为了研究荧光探针对Hcy的响应时间,我们考察了荧光探针在不同Cys浓度下(0.2,5,10,20μM)的荧光光谱的变化情况,其结果如图6。从图中可以看出,该探针对Cys的响应时间不到6分钟,满足在实际样品中进行实时监测时对响应时间的要求。从图6我们还可以看出,荧光强度一旦达到最大值后,在之后的时间里,荧光强度不再发生变化,会出现一个平台,这表明此荧光探针光稳定性好。
实施例8:
荧光探针在活细胞中的应用
首先,我们做了细胞毒性试验,如图7所示,当加入0~20μM Cys探针,20min之后,细胞的成活率均在97%以上,因此可以说明,该荧光探针可应用于检测活细胞内的Cys,并且毒性较小。
一般情况下,细胞内的Cys含量非常丰富,因此直接向细胞内加入探针,也能检测到强的绿色荧光信号,如图8a所示。但是,当在加入探针之前加入一定量的硫醇抑制剂NEM时,如图8b所示,细胞内没有荧光信号。然而当再向此细胞中加入Cys时,检测到细胞内又出现了很强的绿色荧光信号,如图8c所示。这表明该探针具有细胞穿透性,能够实现在细胞内Cys浓度的检测。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的Cys荧光探针,其结构式如下:
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的Cys荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于它的具体制备步骤为:
1)在100mL圆底烧瓶中,依次加入4-羟基苯甲醛和2,4-二甲基吡咯,其比例为1:1~1:2.2,加入30mL二氯甲烷作为溶剂,室温下磁力搅拌,在N2保护的环境下滴加1滴三氟乙酸作为催化剂,继续搅拌4~6h后,将溶解在5mL二氯甲烷中的二氯二氰基苯醌溶液逐滴加入到反应液中,继续搅拌0.5~1h,然后,向反应液中依次加入0.2mL三乙胺以及0.2mL三氟化硼乙醚,当有黄绿色荧光物产生时,反应完成,用旋转蒸发仪除去溶剂,粗产品以体积比为1:1的二氯甲烷/己烷淋洗剂,柱层析色谱分离提纯得红色固体,结构如下式所示;
2)将化合物2溶解在二氯甲烷中,在0℃条件下,搅拌下逐滴滴加体积比为1:1的丙烯酰氯和三乙胺,在该温度下搅拌90分钟以后,继续在室温条件下继续搅拌十二小时,反应完成,减压蒸馏除去溶剂,粗产品用体积比为1:3的二氯甲烷/己烷洗脱剂柱层析分离得红色固体,即获得所述Cys荧光探针。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于氟硼吡咯衍生物的Cys荧光探针的应用,其特征在于:所述荧光探针应用于活细胞内Cys含量的检测。
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