CN106423138B - 一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法 - Google Patents
一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,属于材料制备和环境污染治理技术领域,其以铝合金片为载体,先利用电阳极氧化法在铝合金片表面制备一层致密的氧化铝膜,然后在其表面再涂覆一层二氧化硅溶胶,经烘干、煅烧得SiO2‑Al2O3/Al载体,用去离子水淋洗除去载体表面的杂质离子,再用紫外灯光照致其表面完全亲水,然后将催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在SiO2‑Al2O3/Al载体上,干燥制得。本发明通过将纳米光催化剂负载在铝合金材料上,克服了目前光催化剂易因载体导致载流子复合而使活性降低的问题,并可有效提高光催化剂的催化活性,使其适用于室内空气中低浓度气态污染物的降解。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备和环境污染治理技术领域,具体涉及一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法。
背景技术
随着人们的生活水平提高,室内空气污染的问题已引起人们的广泛关注,在室内,家具和各类装饰装修材料会散发出包括甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等微量的挥发性有机物(VOCs),导致室内空气污染,进而引发居住者气质性病变。德国学者推荐的室内空气中VOC浓度限值,芳香烃为50μg/m3(14.35ppb,以苯计)、醛酮类为20 μg/m3(15ppb,以甲醛计),国际癌症研究机构认为,室内环境中苯的浓度不应超过30μg/m3(8.6ppb)。光催化技术可以在常温常压的反应条件下,有效处理几乎全部的挥发性有机污染物,对ppb级的低浓度挥发性有机物仍然有效,是一种理想的处理室内恶臭气味的空气净化技术。
为有效使用光催化技术,需要对已有的光催化剂进行负载化处理。常规的负载技术往往使用高浓度(ppm级别)的有机污染物进行降解速率测试。而在实际使用过程中,室内的污染气体浓度很低(ppb级别)。在这种低浓度条件下,使用常规负载技术处理的光催化材料往往不能表现出明显的处理效果。本发明主要针对室内的气态污染物,开发出一种可以快速高效处理低浓度有机污染气体的光催化材料的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其针对现有光催化剂在铝合金片上负载后,对低浓度气相有机污染物的光催化效果显著降低的问题,提供一种能提高负载型光催化剂催化活性的光催化材料制备方法。利用该方法将不同光催化剂负载在铝合金材料表面,能够保持光催化剂对有机物的处理效果。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将光催化剂与少量去离子水混合,球磨12 h后,再加去离子水配制成浓度为5~20 g/100 mL的催化剂悬浊液;
2)将铝合金片置于硫酸电解液中,对其进行阳极氧化处理,使其表面形成致密的氧化铝膜层,得Al2O3/Al载体;
3)将步骤2)制备的Al2O3/Al载体清洗至表面完全亲水,然后用去离子水洗净,干燥,再在其表面涂覆一层二氧化硅溶胶,烘干后于450℃烧结3 h,得SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体;
4)用去离子水淋洗步骤3)制备的SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体,烘干后用紫外灯照射至载体表面完全亲水;
5)将步骤1)制备的催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在步骤4)所得载体材料表面,干燥制得。
球磨时球磨机转速为220~300 r/min。
所得氧化铝膜层的厚度为5~25μm。
所用二氧化硅溶胶的固容量为2~12%,其涂覆厚度为2~10μm。
清洗所用去离子水的电导率应小于0.1 μs/cm。
紫外灯照射的波长为254 nm,照射强度为3~5 mW/cm2,照射时间为0.5~12 h。
所述涂覆采用浸渍提拉法、旋转涂覆法或喷涂法;其中,采用提拉法进行镀膜时,其提拉速率为0.5~15 mm/s。
所得材料上光催化剂的负载量为0.05~1mg/cm2。
本发明的显著优点在于:
(1)本发明利用SiO2和Al2O3双隔绝层阻止光催化剂的载流子通过铝合金载体相互复合,同时通过去离子水淋洗载体表面去除杂质离子,并对载体表面进行光照亲水处理,进一步提高了负载型光催化材料的催化活性。
(2)本发明方法制得的SiO2-Al2O3/Al基负载型光催化材料对气相有机污染物良好催化降解效果,能快速处理室内空气中低浓度的苯、氨、甲硫醇等气相污染物。
(3)本发明方法适用于多种光催化剂的负载,如TiO2、SrSb2O5·4H2O、LaVO4/TiO2,可根据需要,通过负载不同的光催化剂,使制得的光催化材料在紫外光照或可见光照条件下有效使用。
附图说明
图1为光催化性能测试装置结构示意图。
图2为实施例1制备过程中不同处理工艺条件下制备的表面负载SrSb2O5·4H2O的铝合金片对苯的分解效果随时间变化的曲线图。
图3为实施例2制备过程中不同处理工艺条件下制备的表面负载LaVO4/TiO2铝合金片对甲硫醇的分解效果随时间变化的曲线图。
图4为实施例3制备过程中不同处理工艺条件下制备的表面负载TiO2铝合金片对氨的分解效果随时间变化的曲线图。
具体实施方式
一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其包括以下步骤:
1)将SrSb2O5·4H2O、LaVO4/TiO2、TiO2等光催化剂与少量去离子水混合,220~300r/min球磨12 h后,再加去离子水配制成浓度为5~20 g/100 mL的催化剂悬浊液;所配制的催化剂悬浊液静置6h应不发生沉淀现象;
2)将铝合金片置于硫酸电解液中,对其进行阳极氧化处理,使其表面形成厚度为5~25μm的致密的氧化铝膜层,达到电绝缘状态,得Al2O3/Al载体;
3)将步骤2)制备的Al2O3/Al载体清洗至表面完全亲水,然后用去离子水洗净,干燥,再在其表面涂覆一层厚度为2~10μm的二氧化硅溶胶,烘干后于450℃烧结3 h,得SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体;所用二氧化硅溶胶的固容量为2~12%;
4)用去离子水淋洗步骤3)制备的SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体,烘干后用紫外灯照射至载体表面完全亲水;紫外灯照射的波长为254 nm,照射强度为3~5 mW/cm2,照射时间为0.5~12h;
5)将步骤1)制备的催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在步骤4)所得载体材料表面,80℃干燥制得,所得材料上光催化剂的负载量为0.05~1mg/cm2。
清洗所用去离子水的电导率应小于0.1 μs/cm。
所述涂覆采用浸渍提拉法、旋转涂覆法或喷涂法;其中,采用提拉法进行镀膜时,其提拉速率为0.5~15 mm/s。
本实施例光催化性能测试采用如图1装置进行测定。该装置主体为一个容积60L的密闭容器,容器侧壁为玻璃,上下为不锈钢结构;容器内置3盏8W紫外线荧光灯,一个搅拌风扇,一个样品架;污染物检测仪器为RAE公司产PGM 7240型VOC测试仪,测量精度1ppb。测试时,将光催化材料放置于样品架上,密闭容器,由进气口注入挥发性污染物,将外线荧光灯和搅拌风扇打开,测定箱内气体浓度的变化。
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
1)将10g SrSb2O5·4H2O(缩写为SSOH)光催化剂加50mL去离子水混合,置于球磨罐中,220 r/min球磨12 h后,再加去离子水配制成浓度为5 g/100 mL的催化剂悬浊液,备用;
2)将铝合金片置于硫酸电解液中,对其进行阳极氧化处理,使其表面形成厚度为5μm的致密的氧化铝膜层,达到电绝缘状态,得Al2O3/Al载体;
3)将步骤2)制备的Al2O3/Al载体清洗至表面完全亲水,然后用去离子水洗净,60℃干燥,再采用浸渍提拉法(提拉速率为5 mm/s)在其表面涂覆一层厚度为2μm的二氧化硅溶胶,80℃烘干后于450℃烧结3 h,得SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体;
4)用去离子水淋洗步骤3)制备的SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体,烘干后用紫外灯照射至载体表面完全亲水;紫外灯照射的波长为254 nm,照射强度为3 mW/cm2,照射时间为12 h;
5)采用浸渍提拉法(提拉速率为5 mm/s)将步骤1)制备的催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在步骤4)所得载体材料表面,80℃干燥制得,所得材料上光催化剂的负载量为0.05mg/cm2。
图2为本实施例制备过程中不同处理下制备的表面负载SSOH的铝合金片对苯的分解效果随时间变化的曲线图。由图2可见:①经铝合金板负载SSOH的样品材料处理50min后,苯浓度由1213ppb降为1017ppb,降解速率为3.9ppb/min;②经电阳极氧化后、负载SSOH的样品材料处理50min后,苯浓度由1127ppb降为605ppb,降解速率为10.4ppb/min;③经电阳极氧化、涂覆SiO2后、负载SSOH的样品材料处理36min后,苯浓度由1068ppb降为0,降解速率为29.7ppb/min;④经电阳极氧化、涂覆SiO2、清洗后、负载SSOH的样品材料处理27min后,苯浓度由1180ppb降为0,降解速率为43.7ppb/min;经电阳极氧化、负载SiO2、清洗、光照亲水后、负载SSOH的样品材料处理23min后,苯浓度由1278ppb降为0,降解速率为55.6ppb/min。由此可见,不同处理工艺制备的光催化材料对苯的处理效果明显不同,经电阳极氧化、负载SiO2、清洗、光照亲水后负载SSOH的样品材料对苯的降解速率最快,效果最好。
实施例2
1)将10g LaVO4/TiO2(缩写为LaVT)光催化剂加50mL去离子水混合,置于球磨罐中,250 r/min球磨12 h后,再加去离子水配制成浓度为10 g/100 mL的催化剂悬浊液,备用;
2)将铝合金片置于硫酸电解液中,对其进行阳极氧化处理,使其表面形成厚度为20μm的致密的氧化铝膜层,达到电绝缘状态,得Al2O3/Al载体;
3)将步骤2)制备的Al2O3/Al载体清洗至表面完全亲水,然后用去离子水洗净,60℃干燥,再采用旋转涂覆法在其表面涂覆一层厚度为8μm的二氧化硅溶胶,80℃烘干后于450℃烧结3 h,得SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体;
4)用去离子水淋洗步骤3)制备的SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体,烘干后用紫外灯照射至载体表面完全亲水;紫外灯照射的波长为254 nm,照射强度为4 mW/cm2,照射时间为8 h;
5)采用旋转涂覆法将步骤1)制备的催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在步骤4)所得载体材料表面,80℃干燥制得,所得材料上光催化剂的负载量为0.06mg/cm2。
图3为本实施例制备过程中不同处理下制备的表面负载LaVT的铝合金片对甲硫醇的分解效果随时间变化的曲线图。由图3可见:①经铝合金板负载LaVT的样品材料处理120min后,甲硫醇浓度由508ppb降为119ppb,降解速率为3.2ppb/min;②经电阳极氧化后、负载LaVT的样品材料处理120min后,甲硫醇浓度由544ppb降为95ppb,降解速率为3.7ppb/min;③经电阳极氧化、涂覆SiO2后、负载LaVT的样品材料处理120min后,甲硫醇浓度由544ppb降为24ppb,降解速率为4.3ppb/min;④经电阳极氧化、涂覆SiO2、清洗后、负载LaVT的样品材料处理86min后,甲硫醇浓度由606ppb降为0,降解速率为7.0ppb/min;⑤电阳极氧化、负载SiO2、清洗、光照亲水后、负载LaVT的样品材料处理59min后,甲硫醇浓度由606ppb降为0,降解速率为10.3ppb/min。由此可见,不同处理工艺制备的光催化材料对甲硫醇的处理效果明显不同,经电阳极氧化、负载SiO2、清洗、光照亲水后、负载LaVT的样品材料对甲硫醇的降解速率最快,效果最好。
实施例3
1)将10g TiO2光催化剂加25mL去离子水混合,置于球磨罐中,300 r/min球磨12 h后,再加去离子水配制成浓度为20 g/100 mL的催化剂悬浊液,备用;
2)将铝合金片置于硫酸电解液中,对其进行阳极氧化处理,使其表面形成厚度为25μm的致密的氧化铝膜层,达到电绝缘状态,得Al2O3/Al载体;
3)将步骤2)制备的Al2O3/Al载体清洗至表面完全亲水,然后用去离子水洗净,60℃干燥,再采用喷涂法在其表面涂覆一层厚度为10μm的二氧化硅溶胶,80℃烘干后于450℃烧结3 h,得SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体;
4)用去离子水淋洗步骤3)制备的SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体,烘干后用紫外灯照射至载体表面完全亲水;紫外灯照射的波长为254 nm,照射强度为5 mW/cm2,照射时间为0.5 h;
5)采用喷涂法将步骤1)制备的催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在步骤4)所得载体材料表面,80℃干燥制得,所得材料上光催化剂的负载量为1mg/cm2。
图4为本实施例制备过程中不同处理下制备的表面负载TiO2的铝合金片对氨的分解效果随时间变化的曲线图。由图4可见:①经铝合金板负载TiO2的样品材料处理200min后,氨浓度由669ppb降为368ppb,降解速率为1.5ppb/min;②经电阳极氧化后、负载TiO2的样品材料处理200min后,氨浓度由679ppb降为155ppb,降解速率为2.6ppb/min;③经电阳极氧化、涂覆SiO2后、负载TiO2的样品材料处理184min后,氨浓度由814ppb降为0,降解速率为4.4ppb/min;④经电阳极氧化、涂覆SiO2、清洗后、负载TiO2的样品材料处理124min后,氨浓度由688ppb降为0,降解速率为5.5ppb/min;⑤经电阳极氧化、负载SiO2、清洗、光照亲水后、负载TiO2的样品材料处理95min后,氨浓度由747ppb降为0,降解速率为7.9ppb/min。由此可以看出,不同处理工艺制备的光催化材料对氨的处理效果明显不同,经电阳极氧化、负载SiO2、清洗、光照亲水后、负载TiO2的样品材料对氨的降解速率最快,效果最好。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)将光催化剂与去离子水混合,球磨12 h后,再加去离子水配制成浓度为5~20 g/100mL的催化剂悬浊液;
2)将铝合金片置于硫酸电解液中,对其进行阳极氧化处理,使其表面形成致密的氧化铝膜层,得Al2O3/Al载体;
3)将步骤2)制备的Al2O3/Al载体清洗至表面完全亲水,然后用去离子水洗净,干燥,再在其表面涂覆一层二氧化硅溶胶,烘干后于450℃烧结3 h,得SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体;
4)用去离子水淋洗步骤3)制备的SiO2-Al2O3/Al载体,烘干后用紫外灯照射至载体表面完全亲水;
5)将步骤1)制备的催化剂悬浊液均匀涂覆在步骤4)所得载体材料表面,干燥制得。
2. 根据权利要求1所述在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:球磨时球磨机转速为220~300 r/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:所得氧化铝膜层的厚度为5~25μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:所用二氧化硅溶胶的固容量为2~12%,其涂覆厚度为2~10μm。
5. 根据权利要求1所述在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:紫外灯照射的波长为254 nm,照射强度为3~5 mW/cm2,照射时间为0.5~12 h。
6.根据权利要求1所述在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:所述涂覆采用浸渍提拉法、旋转涂覆法或喷涂法。
7.根据权利要求1所述在铝合金材料表面负载光催化剂的方法,其特征在于:所得材料上光催化剂的负载量为0.05~1mg/cm2。
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