CN106417191B - 一种用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工蚜虫 - Google Patents
一种用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工蚜虫 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106417191B CN106417191B CN201610878136.1A CN201610878136A CN106417191B CN 106417191 B CN106417191 B CN 106417191B CN 201610878136 A CN201610878136 A CN 201610878136A CN 106417191 B CN106417191 B CN 106417191B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N27/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing hydrocarbons
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工蚜虫，制备人工蚜虫的营养组合物包含有如下质量百分比浓度的组分：蚜虫匀浆物30％，鸡蛋黄20％，脱脂牛奶20％，蔗糖10％，无机盐溶液1％，复合维生素溶液2％，复合氨基酸溶液10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％。本发明制备的人工蚜虫能有效提供烟蚜茧蜂发育所需要的营养需求，且在人工蚜虫表面喷施利于烟蚜茧蜂产卵的引诱剂，使烟蚜茧蜂存活率、寄生率、羽化率都能满足实际的需求。本发明可解决传统繁蜂方法工艺繁琐、占用空间大、成本高等弊端，所繁的烟蚜茧蜂易于收集、保存和释放。而且本发明人工蚜虫的原料来源广泛，制备工艺简单，应用方便，适于大面积推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于昆虫繁殖技术领域，具体涉及一种用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工蚜虫。
背景技术
烟蚜茧蜂是蚜虫的重要寄生蜂，在我国南北方均有分布,对寄主蚜虫的自然控制力较强，主要寄生对象包括烟蚜、麦二叉蚜、萝卜蚜等蚜虫。在烟田，烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的寄生率通常为20％-60％。烟蚜茧蜂在生物防治方面利用前途甚广，具有重要的经济价值，一直是我国生物防治工作者密切关注的对象。目前我国已经形成一套较为完善的烟蚜茧蜂人工繁殖工艺，并已在烟草等作物蚜虫的防治上大面积应用。
目前烟蚜茧蜂的人工繁殖工艺相对较为繁琐，需要经过以下流程：繁殖蚜虫寄主植物、扩繁蚜虫、接种蚜茧蜂、扩繁蚜茧蜂、收集蚜茧蜂、蚜虫和蚜茧蜂保种等程序，该工艺涉及环节多，需用大量人力、物力，并需占用大面积繁殖场所，总体成本较高。而且，由于没有专门用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工饲料，使进行人工繁殖时的效果并不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工蚜虫，从而弥补现有技术的不足。
本发明首先提供一种用于烟蚜茧蜂的个体发育的营养组合物，其中包含有如下质量百分比浓度的组分：
蚜虫匀浆物30％，鸡蛋黄20％，脱脂牛奶20％，蔗糖10％，无机盐溶液1％，复合维生素溶液2％，复合氨基酸溶液10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％。
所述的无机盐溶液，是包含有如下质量体积百分比浓度组分的水溶液：4.50mg/ml氯化钠、0.1mg/ml氯化钾、0.25mg/ml氯化钙和0.18mg/ml碳酸氢钠；
所述的复合维生素溶液，每100ml溶液里包含有如下质量浓度的组分：0.02mg硫氨素、180mg氯化胆碱、0.02mg维生素B12、0.08mg叶酸、13mg肌醇、5mg烟酸、2.1mg泛酸钙、0.3mg维生素B6、1mg核黄素。
所述的复合氨基酸溶液，每100ml溶液里包含有如下质量浓度的组分：300mg丙氨酸、320mg精氨酸、300mg天冬氨酸、800mg谷氨酸、300mg组氨酸、250mg异亮氨酸、180mg亮氨酸、、150mg蛋氨酸、245mg苯丙氨酸、300mg脯氨酸、390mg丝氨酸、250mg苏氨酸、130mg色氨酸、150mg酪氨酸、350mg缬氨酸。
所述蚜虫匀浆物，其制备方法是将蚜虫加入到上述的无机盐溶液中，进行匀浆后，再将匀浆液过80目滤网后获得的过滤液。
所述的蚜虫为处于各龄期的麦二叉蚜、麦长管蚜、烟蚜中的任一种或几种；
本发明还提供一种人工蚜虫，是使用上述的营养组合物制备的；
所述的人工蚜虫，其制备方法如下：将制备培养基用的琼脂用热水溶化后待用；加入除蚜虫匀浆物以外的其它烟蚜茧蜂营养物的组分，混合均匀后，再加入蚜虫匀浆物，混合均匀后用parafilm膜作包被材料，在蜂卡机上制成直径为1.5-2.0mm大小的人工蚜虫。
本发明再一个方面提供一种与上述的营养组合物或人工蚜虫配合使用的，引诱烟蚜茧蜂在营养组合物中进行产卵的引诱剂，其中包含有如下质量百分比浓度的组分：
烟草叶片匀浆过滤液15％，蔗糖10％、复合氨基酸10％，荆芥醇1％、荆芥内酯1％、反-β-法尼烯1％、蒸馏水62％。
所述烟草叶片匀浆过滤液，是选用7-8叶期的烟草叶片进行匀浆过滤制成的。
上述的人工蚜虫的使用方法，是在人工蚜虫表面均匀喷施上述产卵引诱剂，接入配对的烟蚜茧蜂成蜂，在人工蚜虫上产卵寄生。
本发明制备的人工蚜虫能有效的提供烟蚜茧蜂发育所需要的营养需求，且在人工蚜虫表面喷施利于烟蚜茧蜂产卵的引诱剂，使烟蚜茧蜂存活率、寄生率、羽化率都能满足实际的需求。本发明可解决传统繁蜂方法工艺繁琐、占用空间大、成本高等弊端，所繁的烟蚜茧蜂易于收集、保存和释放。而且本发明人工蚜虫的原料来源广泛，制备工艺简单，且应用方便，适于大面积推广。
具体实施方式
申请人在对烟蚜茧蜂人工繁殖的过程中发现，目前烟蚜茧蜂的繁殖均采用传统方法，费时、费力且成本高。因此，申请人在对烟蚜的营养组成进行分析的基础上，模拟烟蚜制成了用于烟蚜茧蜂发育的营养组合物，并开发了一种引诱烟蚜茧蜂产卵的引诱剂，从而促成了本发明。
本发明所使用的蚜虫匀浆物，其一种制备方法如下：收集各龄期的蚜虫，加入到无机盐溶液中，通过匀浆机将蚜虫充分研碎，再用80目滤网过滤，过滤液作为本发明使用的蚜虫匀浆物。
本发明的烟蚜茧蜂的繁育方法，具体如下：
将人工蚜虫置于20℃～25℃、相对湿度为50％～80％的环境中，按每40个人工蚜虫接1对烟蚜茧蜂雌、雄成蜂，并放置盛有5％的蜂蜜水的培养皿，作为烟蚜茧蜂成虫的补充食物。5天后，将人工蚜虫取出，置于上述温湿度环境中继续培养，直至烟蚜茧蜂羽化，统计羽化出的成蜂数量并计算羽化率，羽化率(％)＝(羽化出蜂头数/人工蚜虫数)×100。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
实施例1：营养组合物组分的选择
根据对烟蚜的营养组成分析的结果，结合昆虫生长发育所必须的营养元素，申请人对营养组合物组分的组成和配比进行了选择，根据烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率确定最优的组分及配比。
本实施例列出筛选过程中有代表性的三组营养物组合进行说明：
第一组：鸡蛋黄35％，脱脂牛奶35％，蔗糖10％，无机盐1％，复合维生素2％，复合氨基酸10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％。用本实施例的营养组合物繁育烟蚜茧蜂，平均每蜂卡获得42％羽化率。
第二组：麦长管蚜匀浆物25％，鸡蛋黄25％，脱脂牛奶20％，蔗糖10％，无机盐1％，复合维生素2％，复合氨基酸10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％。用本实施例的营养组合物繁育烟蚜茧蜂，平均每蜂卡获得55％羽化率。
第三组：烟蚜匀浆物30％，鸡蛋黄20％，脱脂牛奶20％，蔗糖10％，无机盐1％，复合维生素2％，复合氨基酸10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％。用本实施例的营养组合物繁育烟蚜茧蜂，平均每蜂卡获得63％羽化率。
结果发现使用了蚜虫匀浆物的两组的繁育效果明显好于没有使用蚜虫匀浆物的组，且第三组繁育烟蚜茧蜂的效果最好。
本发明所使用的无机盐、复合维生素、复合氨基酸配方如下：
无机盐溶液，是包含有如下质量体积百分比浓度组分的水溶液：4.50mg/ml氯化钠、0.1mg/ml氯化钾、0.25mg/ml氯化钙和0.18mg/ml碳酸氢钠；
复合维生素溶液，每100ml溶液里包含有如下质量浓度的组分：0.02mg硫氨素、180mg氯化胆碱、0.02mg维生素B12、0.08mg叶酸、13mg肌醇、5mg烟酸、2.1mg泛酸钙、0.3mg维生素B6、1mg核黄素。
复合氨基酸溶液，每100ml溶液里包含有如下质量浓度的组分：300mg丙氨酸、320mg精氨酸、300mg天冬氨酸、800mg谷氨酸、300mg组氨酸、250mg异亮氨酸、180mg亮氨酸、150mg蛋氨酸、245mg苯丙氨酸、300mg脯氨酸、390mg丝氨酸、250mg苏氨酸、130mg色氨酸、150mg酪氨酸、350mg缬氨酸。还可选用昆虫培养领域中常用的无机盐、复合维生素、复合氨基酸。
实施例2：人工蚜虫的制备
将制备培养基用的琼脂用热水溶化后待用；加入除蚜虫匀浆物以外的实施例中第三组的烟蚜茧蜂营养物的组分，混合均匀后，再加入蚜虫匀浆物，并加入为250－350单位/毫升的青霉素；混合均匀后用parafilm膜作包被材料，在蜂卡机上制成直径为1.5-2.0mm大小的人工蚜虫。
实施例3：产卵引诱剂组分的选择
为了提高烟蚜茧蜂在人工蚜虫上的产卵率，申请人对烟蚜茧蜂产卵引诱剂组成和配比进行了选择，根据烟蚜茧蜂的羽化率确定最优的组分及配比。
第一组：烟蚜茧蜂营养物配方：烟蚜匀浆30％，鸡蛋黄20％，脱脂牛奶20％，蔗糖10％，无机盐1％，复合维生素2％，复合氨基酸10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％。
采用上述配方制成人工蚜虫后，在人工蚜虫表面喷施如下产卵引诱剂：蔗糖10％、复合氨基酸10％，荆芥醇1％、荆芥内酯1％、反-β-法尼烯1％、蒸馏水77％。
用本实施例的营养组合物和产卵引诱剂繁育烟蚜茧蜂，平均每蜂卡获得67％的羽化率。
第二组：烟蚜茧蜂营养物配方同第一组
采用上述配方制成人工蚜虫后，在人工蚜虫表面喷施如下产卵引诱剂：K326烟草叶片匀浆过滤液15％，蔗糖10％、复合氨基酸10％，荆芥醇1％、荆芥内酯1％、反-β-法尼烯1％、蒸馏水62％。
其中K326烟草叶片匀浆过滤液的制备方法，是将生长至7-8叶期的烟草叶片取下并切碎，加入等量蒸馏水，用匀浆机充分研碎，再用80目滤网过滤获得的过滤液。用本实施例的营养组合物和产卵引诱剂繁育烟蚜茧蜂，平均每蜂卡获得80％羽化率。
上述结果表明，本发明的产卵引诱剂能使烟蚜茧蜂更多的在人工蚜虫上进行产卵。
进一步研究发现，选用7-8叶期的烟草叶片进行匀浆过滤制成的烟草叶片匀浆过滤液，其诱导效果更好，寄生率相比于未加入烟草叶片过滤液的引诱剂的寄生率具有统计学意义上的提高。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于烟蚜茧蜂繁殖的人工蚜虫，其特征在于：
所述的人工蚜虫是使用营养组合物制备的；
所述的营养组合物包含有如下质量百分比浓度的组分：
蚜虫匀浆物30％，鸡蛋黄20％，脱脂牛奶20％，蔗糖10％，无机盐溶液1％，复合维生素溶液2％，复合氨基酸溶液10％，对羟基苯甲酸甲酯0.1％，琼脂0.2％，蒸馏水6.7％；
所述蚜虫匀浆物的制备方法是将蚜虫加入到上述的无机盐溶液中，进行匀浆后，再将匀浆液过80目滤网后获得的过滤液；所述的蚜虫为处于各龄期的烟蚜；
所述人工蚜虫的制备方法是将制备培养基用的琼脂用热水溶化后待用；加入除蚜虫匀浆物以外的其它烟蚜茧蜂营养组合物的组分，混合均匀后，再加入蚜虫匀浆物，混合均匀后用parafilm膜作包被材料，在蜂卡机上制成直径为1.5-2.0mm大小的人工蚜虫；
所述的人工蚜虫配合使用引诱剂，所述的引诱剂包含有如下质量百分比浓度的组分：
烟草叶片匀浆过滤液15％，蔗糖10％、复合氨基酸10％，荆芥醇1％、荆芥内酯1％、反-β-法尼烯1％、蒸馏水62％；
所述的烟草叶片匀浆过滤液，是选用7-8叶期的烟草叶片进行匀浆过滤制成的。
2.如权利要求1所述的人工蚜虫，其特征在于，所述的无机盐溶液，是包含有如下质量体积百分比浓度组分的水溶液：4.50mg/ml氯化钠、0.1mg/ml氯化钾、0.25mg/ml氯化钙和0.18mg/ml碳酸氢钠。
3.如权利要求1所述的人工蚜虫，其特征在于，所述的复合维生素溶液，每100ml溶液里包含有如下质量的组分：0.02mg硫氨素、180mg氯化胆碱、0.02mg维生素B12、0.08mg叶酸、13mg肌醇、5mg烟酸、2.1mg泛酸钙、0.3mg维生素B6、1mg核黄素。
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