CN106410421A - Space wave-to-surface wave function device with controlled polarization - Google Patents
Space wave-to-surface wave function device with controlled polarization Download PDFInfo
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- CN106410421A CN106410421A CN201610947376.2A CN201610947376A CN106410421A CN 106410421 A CN106410421 A CN 106410421A CN 201610947376 A CN201610947376 A CN 201610947376A CN 106410421 A CN106410421 A CN 106410421A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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Abstract
The present invention provides a space wave-to-surface wave function device with controlled polarization. The space wave-to-surface wave function device with the controlled polarization formed by a 2-bit anisotropic electromagnetism coding super surface through arranging the anisotropic digital units on a two-dimensional plane according to the preset anisotropic electromagnetism coding. Each unit has independent phase responses at the x polarization and the y polarization to allow the device to have different functions when the device is irradiated under the incident wave which has two mutually vertical polarizations so as to convert the vertical incident waves of the x polarization and the y polarization to the surface wave and guide to different directions; or the incident wave of the x polarization is converted to the surface wave, and the incident wave of the y polarization is reflected to any direction in the space. The space wave-to-surface wave function device with the controlled polarization is ultrathin, low in profile and high in efficiency, and has wider application range and larger design freedom degree in the real application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Novel manual electromagnetic material, more particularly, to a kind of controlled type of polarization being operated in microwave section
Space wave turns surface wave functional device.
Background technology
The super surface of Novel manual electromagnetic material, also known as electromagnetism (Metamaterials), is will to have geometry in particular
Macroscopical elementary cell cycle or aperiodically arrange, or it is implanted to a kind of people that in matrix material body, (or surface) is constituted
Work material.The difference of the super surface of electromagnetism and traditional sense material is to instead of original microscopic dimensions unit with macro-size unit
(atom or molecule).Although the unit size of the two differs greatly, the response that they externally power up magnetic wave is all by base
The interaction of this unit resonator system and additional electromagnetic field is embodying.The super surface of electromagnetism defines electromagnetism from the angle of medium
The behavior of ripple, is that the design of microwave device provides new thinking and method.
Capasso et al. proposed broad sense Snell's law in 2011, and this theorem is to describe super surface electromagnetic property
Philosophy it is contemplated that electromagnetic wave super surface reflect or during transmission the phase discontinuity producing and produce therewith different
Abnormal reflections and anomalous refraction behavior.People can design artificial surface texture and carry out this phase discontinuity of manual control, and then
Space wave can be regulated and controled using the super surface of two dimension.Reach any purpose controlling echo and refracted wave.Realize such as vortex wave beam
With Bezier wave beam etc. it might even be possible to the random PHASE DISTRIBUTION of design is so that incident wave beam is by random scatter to all directions, shape
Becoming diffuse-reflectance, thus effectively reducing the Radar Cross Section of target, realizing stealthy.The Zhou Lei of Fudan University teaches from equivalent sense
The angle of induced current, analyzes the reflected phase mutation that electromagnetic wave produces on reflection-type novel artificial resistance electromagnetic surface, Ta Mentong
Cross within the surface phase gradient cycle is contracted to a cycle, devise an efficient space wave to the conversion of surface wave
Device.
The unit on above-mentioned super surface is all isotropic structure, that is, the super surface designing for any pole
The incident electromagnetic wave changed all has identical function it is impossible to changing with the polarization of incident electromagnetic wave and changing, and Fudan University is big
That learns that Zhou Lei professor proposed turns surface wave device based on the space wave of H type metal structure and also can only be directed to a polarised direction,
And incidence wave that another is polarized is invalid.
Content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The invention provides a kind of space wave of the controlled type of polarization being operated in microwave section turns surface wave energy
Device, by designing corresponding anisotropy encoder matrix, 2- bit anisotropy coding unit is arranged according to this encoder matrix
It is listed on two dimensional surface, the vertical incidence electromagnetic wave of x polarization and y polarization just can be converted to surface wave by it, and is individually directed not
Equidirectional；Or can by x polarization vertical incidence electromagnetic wave be converted to surface wave, and by y polarize vertical incidence reflection of electromagnetic wave
To on any direction of space.
In order to realize above-mentioned functions, the present invention is to realize by the following technical solutions：
A kind of controlled space wave of polarization turns surface wave functional device, and this device is compiled by a kind of 2- bit anisotropy electromagnetism
The super surface of code is constituted, by by anisotropy digital units according to anisotropy coding permutations set in advance in two dimensional surface
On, just the electromagnetic wave of vertical incidence can be switched to surface wave, and can be by the electromagnetic waveguide of x polarization and y polarization components to difference
Direction；Or x polarization incidence wave can be switched to surface wave, and y polarization incidence wave is reflexed to space any direction.
Further, the anisotropy cellular construction being formed mainly is made up of three-decker, is ellipse from top to bottom successively
Circle/circular metal structure, epoxy resin (hereinafter referred to as FR4) dielectric layer and metal backing.
Further, by changing the geometric parameter of cellular construction structure at the middle and upper levels, round radius r and compression factor are included
K, x independently can be polarized the vertical incidence electromagnetic wave polarizing with y with 4 discrete phase values by this anisotropy cellular construction
0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of reflections, correspond respectively to digital state " 00 ", " 01 ", " 10 " and " 11 ".
Further, described anisotropy cellular construction includes 4 isotropic structures and 12 anisotropic structures,
The digital state of 4 isotropic structures is " 00/00 ", " 01/01 ", " 10/10 " and " 11/11 "；12 anisotropic structures
Digital state be " 00/01 ", " 00/10 ", " 00/11 ", " 01/00 ", " 01/10 ", " 01/11 ", " 10/00 ", " 10/01 ", " 10/
11 ", " 11/00 ", " 11/01 " and " 11/10 ", the wherein digital state before and after "/" symbol correspond to x polarization and y pole respectively
Change digital state response during vertical incidence electromagnetic wave irradiation.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the invention is that：
1st, a kind of space wave proposed by the invention turns the device of surface wave, turns the conventional of surface wave with Traditional Space ripple
Device compares (as prism, electrical dipole antenna), has ultra-thin, low section and efficient advantage.
2nd, the present invention and Fudan University Zhou Lei professor proposed surface wave device is turned based on the space wave of H type metal structure
Compare, there is the advantage simultaneously supporting x polarization and y polarization, and x polarization and y polarized electromagnetic wave separately can be turned
It is changed to surface wave or space wave, and guides different directions, therefore there is the higher scope of application and more in actual applications
Big design freedom.
3rd, the present invention has abandoned conventionally employed effective medium parameter and super surface and various corresponding device has been analyzed and sets
The scheme of meter, comes more succinct in the form of discrete anisotropy coding and effectively analyzes and design space Bo Zhuan surface
Wave functional device.
4th, the present invention cleverly adopts a kind of circular/oval coding unit structure.Structure is simply easily designed, compares
In the super surface of isotropic coding, there is bigger flexible design degree, that is, when changing incidence wave polarised direction, changed
The function that the space wave of surface wave or reflection can be directed under different directions, and x and polarization and y polarization has very high isolation
Degree.
5th, the figure of the metal structure of the present invention is simple, can be made using conventional printed circuit board process in microwave frequency band
Make, and pass through standard lithographic flow process or electron beam exposure, Terahertz, infrared and optical band can be extended to easily.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the functional schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the coding unit structure constituting functional device of the present invention, is mainly made up of three parts, from up to
Under be ellipse/circular metal structure, FR4 dielectric layer and metal backing successively；The metal structure on upper strata is oval or circular
Metal structure, thickness d=0.018mm；Middle dielectric layer material is that (dielectric constant=4.3, loss angle is just for FR4 dielectric-slab
It is cut to 0.03), thickness d=2mm, unit Cycle Length L=6mm；The back side of dielectric-slab covers one layer of copper to ensure zero transmission.
Fig. 3 is the corresponding reflection phase under x polarization and y polarize incident electromagnetic wave irradiation of 16 anisotropy coding units
Bit distribution figure.
Fig. 4 is when encoder matrix is M1, when frequency is 10GHz, the numerical value of the medium plate surface of this device and both sides is imitated
Genuine electric field near field distribution figure；Fig. 4-(a) is situation during x polarized electromagnetic wave vertical incidence；Fig. 4-(b) is y polarized electromagnetic wave
Situation during vertical incidence.
Fig. 5 is when encoder matrix is M2, when frequency is 10GHz, the numerical value of the medium plate surface of this device and both sides is imitated
Genuine electric field near field distribution figure, and Far Field Scattering directional diagram；Fig. 5-(a) is that electric field during x polarized electromagnetic wave vertical incidence is near
Field pattern；Fig. 5-(b) is Far Field Scattering directional diagram during y polarized electromagnetic wave vertical incidence.
Fig. 6 is encoder matrix is M1When coding pattern, a total of 64 × 64 coding units.
Fig. 7 is encoder matrix is M2When coding pattern, a total of 64 × 64 coding units.
Specific embodiment
Constitute the coding unit structure of the present invention, be by isotropic circular configuration and anisotropic ellipsoidal structure
Two large divisions forms, and its structure is simply it is easy to designing and processing.The step that it generates can be divided into two steps：Firstly generate one and half
Footpath is the disk of r, is then compressed disk with compression factor (scaling ratio) k along x-axis or y-axis, compression
Afterwards, the ratio of short axle and major axis is k.When compression ratio k be equal to 1 when, for circle, assume isotropic characteristic, that is, to x polarization and
Y polarized electromagnetic wave shows identical reflected phase；And when compression ratio is not equal to 1, for ellipse, assume anisotropic spy
Property, different reflected phase are assumed to x polarization and y polarized electromagnetic wave.Designed 2- bit anisotropy cellular construction is in x
Present 0 ° of reflected phase, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° under the irradiation of polarization or y polarization vertical incidence electromagnetic wave, correspond respectively to
Digital state " 00 ", " 01 ", " 10 " and " 11 ".Represent numeral under x polarization and y polarization for the anisotropy cellular construction for convenience
State, each cellular construction is named as the form of " s/s " by us, wherein the former digital state when polarizing for x of slash, after slash
Digital state when person polarizes for y.Therefore pass through permutation and combination, a total of " 00/00 ", " 01/01 ", " 10/10 ", " 11/11 ",
“00/01”、“00/10”、“00/11”、“01/00”、“01/10”、“01/11”、“10/00”、“10/01”、“10/11”、“11/
00 ", 16 kinds of different anisotropy numeral states in " 11/01 " and " 11/10 ".
These had under x polarization and y polarize vertical incidence electromagnetic wave irradiation the anisotropy unit of different digital state
Structure is arranged on two dimensional surface according to the anisotropy encoder matrix being pre-designed, and just vertically can enter what x polarization and y polarized
Radio magnetic wave is converted to the surface of H mode pattern (i.e. transverse-electric mode, hereinafter referred to as TE pattern)
Ripple, and they are guided respectively to the different directions of propagation；Or x polarization vertical incidence electromagnetic wave can be converted to TE pattern
Surface wave, and by y polarization vertical incidence reflection of electromagnetic wave on any direction of upper half-space.
Here space wave controlled for the polarization being previously mentioned in the X-band instantiation present invention is turned surface wave effector
Part.Fig. 1 is the functional schematic of the present invention, and the controlled space wave of this polarization turns surface wave functional device in x polarization vertical incidence
Under the irradiation of ripple, the surface wave of TE pattern can be converted into and propagate along y direction；And in y polarization vertical incidence ripple
Under irradiation, the surface wave of TE pattern can be converted into and propagate along x direction.Medium substrate positioned at both sides is used for receiving
The surface wave changed.
Fig. 2 gives the three-dimensional structure diagram of the anisotropy cellular construction of this device, and it is by circular/oval metal knot
Structure is printed on the FR4 medium substrate of thick d=2mm, the Cycle Length L=6mm of unit, and the back side of dielectric-slab covers one layer of copper and comes
Ensure zero absorbance.The shape of upper strata metal structure is together decided on by oval radius r and compression factor k value, as k=1, is
Circular configuration, now shows as isotropism；Work as k<When 1, it is oval structure, now show as anisotropy.
By optimizing two geometric parameters of above-mentioned circle/ellipsoidal structure so that it can be vertical in x polarization and y polarization
Digital state response " 00 ", " 01 ", " 10 " and " 11 " is independently produced under the irradiation of incident electromagnetic wave, corresponding reflected phase is 0 degree,
90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, therefore just have after permutation and combination 16 kinds of different combinations " 00/00 ", " 01/01 ", " 10/10 ",
“11/11”、“00/01”、“00/10”、“00/11”、“01/00”、“01/10”、“01/11”、“10/00”、“10/01”、“10/
11 ", " 11/00 ", " 11/01 " and " 11/10 ", reflection digital state when wherein polarizing for x before slash, is y pole after slash
Reflection digital state during change.This geometric parameter corresponding to 16 different structures is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 constitutes the super surface of 2- bit anisotropy electromagnetism coding that the controlled space wave of polarization turns surface wave functional device
16 kinds of coding unit structures geometric parameter.
Given k and r, just can determine an ellipse, gives upper surface in 16 cellular constructions oval concrete in table
Parameter, in order to meet each unit x polarization and y polarize incidence wave irradiate under when required reflected phase.
In order to show the present invention apply X-band to x polarization and y polarize incident electromagnetic wave independent modulating properties, below
To be illustrated using two specific examples.
First example is corresponding to be encoded to M1, that is, under x polarization, coded sequence is [11 00 01 01 10 11 ...],
Along y direction, wherein each repetition of figures is 2 in transcoding, coding transform direction,；The lower coded sequence of y polarization is similarly [11 00 01 01
1011 ...], transcoding, coding transform direction is along x direction.Encoder matrix M1Corresponding super picture on surface is as shown in fig. 6, whole super table
Face is made up of 64 × 64 coding units.
Fig. 4 illustrates and is encoded to M1The controlled space wave of polarization to turn surface wave functional device vertical in x polarization and y polarization
Near field distribution map of the electric field under electromagnetic wave irradiation.When x polarized electromagnetic wave impinges perpendicularly on device surface, now coded sequence can
To be equivalent to [the 11 00 01 01 10 11 ...] sequence along y direction change, vertical beam can be converted into surface wave, and
Travel on medium substrate along y direction；When polarization of ele direction is changed into y direction, now coded sequence is equivalent to along x
[11 00 01 01 10 11 ...] sequence of direction change, vertical beam can be converted into surface wave, and propagates along x direction
To on medium substrate.
The anisotropy coding M that second example is adopted2As follows, when vertical incidence polarization of ele direction is along x-axis,
Corresponding coded sequence is [11 00 01 01 10 11 ...], and transcoding, coding transform direction is along y direction；When vertical incidence electromagnetic wave
When polarised direction is along y-axis, corresponding coded sequence is [00 00 01 01 10 10 11 11...].Encoder matrix M2Corresponding
Super picture on surface as shown in fig. 7, entirely super surface be made up of 64 × 64 coding units.
Fig. 5 illustrates and is encoded to M2The controlled space wave of polarization to turn surface wave functional device vertical in x polarization and y polarization
Near field distribution map of the electric field under electromagnetic wave irradiation and Far Field Scattering directional diagram.When x polarized electromagnetic wave impinges perpendicularly on device surface
When, now coded sequence is equivalent to [the 11 00 01 01 10 11 ...] sequence along y direction change, and vertical beam can be turned
It is changed to surface wave, and travel on medium substrate along y direction；When polarization of ele direction is changed into y direction, now code sequence
Row are equivalent to [the 00 00 01 01 10 10 11 11...] sequence along x direction change, and vertical beam can be by abnormal reflection
In certain angle in x-z-plane.
The present invention can be made using conventional printed circuit board process in microwave section, and processing is simple.Following electric by design
Adjustable anisotropy electromagnetism encodes super surface cell structure, combines with control circuits such as FPGA it is possible to realization scene can
The anisotropy electromagnetism of programming encodes super surface, thus its response to incident electromagnetic wave of real-time monitoring.
It is to be appreciated that the above is only the preferred implementation in microwave X-band for the present invention, because the present invention has list
Rotating fields and cellular construction design simple it is easy to the advantage of processing, same structure can be applied to terahertz by size scaling
Hereby, infrared and visible light wave range.It should be understood that：For those skilled in the art, without departing from this
On the premise of bright principle, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as the protection model of the present invention
Enclose.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of controlled space wave of polarization turn surface wave functional device it is characterised in that：This device from a kind of 2- bit respectively to
Different in nature electromagnetism coding super surface composition, by existing anisotropy digital units according to anisotropy coding permutations set in advance
On two dimensional surface, just the electromagnetic wave of vertical incidence can be switched to surface wave, and can be by the electromagnetic wave of x polarization and y polarization components
Guide different directions；Or x polarization incidence wave can be switched to surface wave, and y polarization incidence wave is reflexed to space any direction.
2. a kind of controlled space wave of polarization turns surface wave functional device it is characterised in that being formed according to claim 1
Anisotropy cellular construction be mainly made up of three-decker, be ellipse/circular metal structure, asphalt mixtures modified by epoxy resin from top to bottom successively
Fat dielectric layer and metal backing.
3. a kind of controlled space wave of polarization turns surface wave functional device it is characterised in that passing through to change according to claim 1
Become the geometric parameter of cellular construction structure at the middle and upper levels, include round radius r and compression factor k, this anisotropy cellular construction can
Independently the vertical incidence electromagnetic wave of x polarization and y polarization to be reflected for 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° with 4 discrete phase values, point
Dui Yingyu not digital state " 00 ", " 01 ", " 10 " and " 11 ".
4. a kind of controlled space wave of polarization turns surface wave functional device it is characterised in that described according to claim 1
Anisotropy cellular construction includes 4 isotropic structures and 12 anisotropic structures, the digital state of 4 isotropic structures
For " 00/00 ", " 01/01 ", " 10/10 " and " 11/11 "；The digital state of 12 anisotropic structures be " 00/01 ", " 00/10 ",
" 00/11 ", " 01/00 ", " 01/10 ", " 01/11 ", " 10/00 ", " 10/01 ", " 10/11 ", " 11/00 ", " 11/01 " and " 11/
10 ", the digital state wherein before and after "/" symbol corresponds to number when x polarization and y polarization vertical incidence electromagnetic wave irradiation respectively
Word state responds.
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| CN107681278A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-02-09 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of controllable THz wave reflex control device |
| CN109301510A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of array antenna based on resistance electromagnetic surface |
| CN109361067A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-19 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of polarization converter turning 90 degrees any direction polarization of ele partially |
| CN110391579A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-29 | 天津大学 | A kind of super surface of medium generating the special light beam of double Terahertzs |
| CN114976662A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-30 | 重庆大学 | Polarized rotating super-surface phase control unit and linear polarized wave rotating phase implementation method |
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| CN107681278A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-02-09 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of controllable THz wave reflex control device |
| CN109301510A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | A kind of array antenna based on resistance electromagnetic surface |
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| CN109361067A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-19 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of polarization converter turning 90 degrees any direction polarization of ele partially |
| CN109361067B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2023-09-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | Polarization converter for deflecting electromagnetic wave polarization in any direction by 90 degrees |
| CN110391579A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-29 | 天津大学 | A kind of super surface of medium generating the special light beam of double Terahertzs |
| CN110391579B (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2020-09-11 | 天津大学 | Medium super-surface for generating double terahertz special beams |
| CN114976662A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-30 | 重庆大学 | Polarized rotating super-surface phase control unit and linear polarized wave rotating phase implementation method |
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