Intelligent fire-fighting and rescue system of lithium ion battery energy storage unit
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fire-fighting system of an energy storage unit, in particular to an intelligent fire-fighting and rescue system of a lithium ion battery energy storage unit, which can realize automatic fire-fighting and rescue on fires and thermal runaway of the lithium ion battery energy storage unit and has a mobile intelligent management function.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, high output power, long charge and discharge life, no pollution, wide working temperature range, small self-discharge and the like, so that the lithium ion battery has wide application in the fields of electric automobiles, power grid energy storage systems and the like. The lithium battery energy storage system mainly comprises key equipment such as a battery energy storage unit, an energy conversion system, a battery management system and the like and is used for realizing the functions of peak clipping, valley filling, frequency modulation, voltage regulation and the like on the power distribution network side. The lithium battery energy storage unit is a unit set which consists of a plurality of lithium battery packs (modules) and circuit devices which are connected by a circuit and is placed in a sealed space, and is core equipment for energy bearing of an energy storage system. Because the lithium battery can generate a large amount of heat in the charge and discharge process, particularly under the abusive condition, the heat accumulation can easily cause the rapid temperature rise of the battery (module) to generate thermal runaway, thereby causing the fire explosion accident of the lithium battery. If the fire is prevented and controlled improperly or the fire is extinguished untimely, the fire is very likely to spread and expand to the peripheral energy storage units, so that large-scale fire explosion accidents are caused. Therefore, the configuration of the advanced and efficient fire extinguishing system has important significance for the safe operation of the energy storage system.
At present, the fire fighting and saving research on the fire disaster of the lithium ion battery energy storage unit has obvious defects, and the related fire fighting system is seriously lacking. The existing fire-fighting system is designed mainly with reference to electric fire disasters, and a fixed gas fire-extinguishing system is adopted. After a fire disaster occurs, the temperature sensing and smoke sensing detector arranged in the protection area gives out fire disaster alarm, the gas fire extinguishing system is started to spray fire extinguishing agent towards the fire area, and the whole area is protected in a total flooding mode. The traditional fire extinguishing system has a plurality of defects for extinguishing the fire of the lithium battery energy storage unit: (1) The fire extinguishing objects are usually equipment fires with larger fire intensity, and point-to-point fire extinguishing can not be carried out on fire sources in the closed space; (2) The fire extinguishing system has slow action time, and can be operated only after the detector receives fire signals such as high temperature or smoke and the like until the fire progresses to a larger scale, so that the optimal fire extinguishing time is lost; (3) The fire extinguishing agent is large in dosage, the fire extinguishing agent needs to be submerged in the whole protection area to effectively extinguish the fire, and the fire extinguishing effect is poor because the fire extinguishing agent cannot quickly permeate into the airtight equipment; in addition, most of fire extinguishing agents are carbon dioxide, inert mixed gas and other gases, so that the cooling effect is poor, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is low; (4) The fire extinguishing system has the advantages of complex structure, high requirement on installation environment, high investment cost and no remote mobile control function.
Obviously, the traditional fire extinguishing system cannot be suitable for preventing and early suppressing the early fire of the lithium battery, so that a novel intelligent fire extinguishing system is designed aiming at the lithium ion battery energy storage unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent fire-fighting and extinguishing system for a lithium ion battery energy storage unit, which is used for carrying out fire-fighting and cooling treatment by timely spraying fire extinguishing agent aiming at a fire area or a temperature abnormal position at the initial stage of a fire caused by abnormal temperature rise of the lithium ion battery energy storage unit due to thermal runaway; meanwhile, the fire extinguishing devices of the energy storage units are relatively independent, and intelligent monitoring and management can be carried out through a fire control system management host and a mobile client.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an intelligent fire fighting and saving system of a lithium ion battery energy storage unit, which mainly comprises: fire extinguishing system, fire control communication system, fire control management system.
Further, the fire extinguishing system comprises a fire extinguishing agent storage ball, a release valve, a fire probe tube, a control valve, a fire extinguishing agent conveying pipeline and a spray head, wherein: the fire extinguishing agent storage ball is mainly used for storing fire extinguishing agent and can be of a semicircular spherical structure, and a hook structure is designed on the outer wall of the fire extinguishing agent storage ball, so that the fire extinguishing agent storage ball is hung on the top of the lithium ion battery energy storage unit; meanwhile, a first release port and a second release port are arranged on the fire extinguishing agent storage ball, a release valve is arranged at the first release port and is mainly used for controlling the spraying of the fire extinguishing agent, the release valve is further connected with a fire detection tube, and the fire detection tube is arranged along the surface of the energy storage battery (module) in a certain sequence; the second release port is provided with a control valve, and the rear part of the control valve is connected with a fire extinguishing agent conveying pipeline for conveying the fire extinguishing agent. And a spray head is arranged at the tail end of the fire extinguishing agent conveying pipeline and is used for spraying the fire extinguishing agent into the protection area.
Further, the fire-fighting communication system comprises a pressure signal generator, a wireless signal receiver, a fire-extinguishing controller and a fire-fighting system controller, wherein the pressure signal generator, the wireless signal generator and the wireless signal receiver form a fire-fighting management system module. The pressure signal generator is arranged at the tail part of the fire probe tube, so that the function of monitoring the pressure change in the fire probe tube in real time is realized. The wireless signal generator is used for receiving the electric signal generated by the pressure signal generator and converting the corresponding electric signal into a wireless signal to be sent out. The control valve may receive command signals from a fire suppression controller. The wireless signal receiver may convert the remote wireless signal into an electrical signal for input to the fire suppression controller. The fire control system controller can receive the wireless signals generated by the wireless signal generator, realize the functions of identifying and judging fire signals transmitted from the energy storage unit, and can send the wireless signals to the wireless signal receiver so as to be transmitted to the fire extinguishing controller.
The fire control management system consists of a fire control system management host and a fire control system mobile terminal. The fire-fighting system management host is connected with the fire-fighting system controller to realize the function of monitoring and managing the fire-fighting systems of all the energy storage units of the energy storage system in real time. The fire control system management host is connected with the Internet, and transmits relevant data of the fire control system to the Internet in real time to realize remote sharing. The fire control system mobile terminal can receive the data provided by the fire control system management host in real time, and the functions of remotely monitoring and managing the fire control system in the energy storage station are realized.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing device of the fire extinguishing system has two starting modes, namely automatic starting and manual starting. The automatic starting is mainly realized by automatically releasing the fire extinguishing agent to the ignition area or the position of a battery (module) with thermal runaway by the heated rupture of the fire probe tube. When a person finds that fire occurs in the energy storage unit, the fire extinguishing system controller or the fire extinguishing system management host or an emergency starting button or key on the fire extinguishing system mobile terminal can be opened manually, so that the electromagnetic valve is opened quickly, and fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to a fire area through the spray head to extinguish the fire.
Furthermore, the fire extinguishing medium of the fire extinguishing system is high-efficiency gas fire extinguishing agents such as heptafluoropropane, novec1230 and the like. The fire extinguishing agent is filled in the fire extinguishing agent storage ball, and the storage capacity of the fire extinguishing agent meets the minimum fire extinguishing agent dosage required by the total flooding fire extinguishing mode. The amount of the fire extinguishing agent is calculated according to the volume of the closed space of the energy storage unit and the designed fire extinguishing concentration.
Further, the setting of the bursting temperature of the fire probe should be determined according to the type of lithium ion battery used and the thermal runaway temperature. The fire detecting pipes are sequentially fixed on the surface of the battery according to the arrangement mode of the battery (module) in the energy storage unit, and are arranged on the surface of the single battery in a U-shaped or other mode, so that the area of the detection area of the fire detecting pipes is increased.
Furthermore, the whole set of fire extinguishing system has wireless and remote monitoring management functions, and a pressure signal generator arranged at the tail end of the fire detection tube can transmit pressure change in the fire detection tube to a fire extinguishing system controller in a wireless signal form through a wireless signal transmitter; the fire-fighting system controller can send out wireless signals to the fire-extinguishing controller, and the battery valve is started to spray the fire-extinguishing agent through the spray head to extinguish fire. The signal instruction received and generated by the fire control system controller can be monitored and managed by the fire control system management host and the fire control system mobile control unit.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the fire extinguishing system has two fire extinguishing starting modes, namely automatic fire extinguishing mode and manual fire extinguishing mode, and when the energy storage battery is in fire disaster or thermal runaway, the temperature of the battery is abnormally increased, and the fire detecting tube is melted and ruptured to automatically spray the fire extinguishing agent to extinguish fire. When the fire condition or the failure of the fire extinguishing system of the fire detecting tube is found manually, the fire extinguishing agent storage ball can be opened manually, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed into the protection area through the spray head to extinguish fire and extinguish fire.
2. Compared with the traditional fire extinguishing system, the fire extinguishing system does not need to be provided with fire detection devices such as temperature sensing, smoke sensing and the like, the fire detection tube attached to the surface of the battery can be melted, broken and sprayed with fire extinguishing agent for point-to-point fire extinguishing protection in the initial stage of fire occurrence, the response time is quick, the fire can be extinguished in a sprouting state, the consumption of the fire extinguishing agent is small, and the energy storage unit of the adjacent battery is not influenced.
3. The fire detecting pipe in the fire extinguishing system is arranged on the surface of the battery in a U-shaped mode, the area of a detection area is increased, and the fire or thermal runaway position of the energy storage unit can be accurately positioned conveniently, so that quick and effective fire extinguishing is realized.
4. The fire extinguishing agent storage ball in the fire extinguishing system is hung at the top of the energy storage unit cabinet, a special storage space is not needed, the installation of the storage ball is simple, and the replacement of the fire extinguishing agent is convenient.
5. The fire extinguishing device in the fire extinguishing system is communicated with the fire extinguishing system controller through wireless signals, so that complex circuit connection is avoided.
6. The intelligent fire control system management host and the fire control system mobile terminal of the fire control system can realize the function of real-time and remote monitoring management of the fire control system of each energy storage unit of the energy storage system (station).
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a fire probe arrangement within a lithium ion battery energy storage unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of a fire suppression system in a lithium ion battery energy storage unit intelligent fire suppression system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a fire control management system in a lithium ion battery energy storage unit intelligent fire suppression system;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the intelligent fire suppression system for the lithium ion battery energy storage unit.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the intelligent fire fighting and saving system of the lithium ion battery energy storage unit in this embodiment includes: fire extinguishing system, fire control communication system, fire control management system.
The fire extinguishing system is installed in the lithium-ion battery energy storage unit and is located at the top of the lithium-ion battery energy storage unit, and comprises: fire extinguishing agent stores up ball 7, relief valve 8, fire probe 5, control valve 9, fire extinguishing agent transport pipeline 13 and shower nozzle 10, wherein:
the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 is used for filling and storing fire extinguishing agent, and the size of the fire extinguishing agent storage ball is determined according to the type and the amount of the fire extinguishing agent. The fire extinguishing agent in the invention is selected from high-efficiency gas fire extinguishing agents such as heptafluoropropane, novec1230 and the like. The filling amount of the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 should meet the minimum fire extinguishing agent dosage required by the total flooding fire extinguishing mode. The volume of the protection area and the fire extinguishing design concentration should be comprehensively considered in the calculation of the fire extinguishing agent dosage. According to national standard specifications and research results, when heptafluoropropane is used as a fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing design concentration is preferably 8% -10%; when Novec1230 is used as a fire extinguishing agent, the concentration of the fire extinguishing design is preferably 4% -6%.
As shown in fig. 2, the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 may have a semicircular structure, and for convenience of installation and space saving, a hook structure may be provided on the outer wall of the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7, through which the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 is suspended on the top of the battery energy storage unit;
two discharge ports on the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 can be positioned on two endpoints of the diameter of the hemispherical structure, the discharge ports are defined as a first discharge port and a second discharge port, and the two discharge ports are respectively used as fire extinguishing agent discharge ports under two conditions of automatic and manual fire extinguishing. One end of a release valve 8 is connected to the first release port of the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7, the other end of the release valve 8 is connected to the fire detecting tube 5, the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 is opened through the release valve 8, and the fire extinguishing agent is released through the fire detecting tube 5.
Since the lithium-ion battery energy storage unit comprises a battery cabinet 1 and a plurality of energy storage batteries 4 positioned in the battery cabinet 1, the energy storage batteries 4 are placed on a battery frame 3 and are separated by a separator 2. The fire probe tube 5 is sequentially fixed on the upper surface of the energy storage battery in a certain sequence; to increase the detection area of the fire detector tube 5, the fire detector tube 5 is arranged in a U-shape or other way on a single energy storage battery. The melting and cracking temperature of the fire probe tube 5 is determined according to the type of the lithium ion battery and the thermal runaway temperature, and researches show that the thermal runaway temperature of the lithium ion battery is between 65 and 130 ℃, and the temperature range can be used as a reference value for setting the melting temperature of the fire probe tube 5.
The second release port of the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 is connected with a control valve 9 through a fire extinguishing agent conveying pipeline 13, and is used for opening the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 under the condition of manual fire extinguishing; the fire extinguishing agent transporting pipeline 13 and the spray head 10 are connected behind the control valve 9; the fire extinguishing agent is transported through the control valve 9 via the fire extinguishing agent transporting conduit 13 and sprayed into the protected area by the spray head 10. The specification of the spray head 10 needs to be determined according to parameters such as the volume of the lithium ion battery energy storage unit.
The fire control communication system includes: the fire control management system module 11, the fire control controller 6 and the fire control system controller 14 are used for realizing real-time bidirectional transmission of fire control system starting signals and instructions by the whole fire control communication system. The fire control management system module 11 integrates a pressure signal generator, a wireless signal receiver and the like, wherein the pressure signal generator is arranged at the tail part of the fire detection tube 5 and is used for monitoring the pressure change in the fire detection tube 5; the wireless signal generator is connected with the pressure signal generator through a circuit, receives the electric signal generated by the pressure signal generator, converts the corresponding electric signal into a wireless signal and sends the wireless signal, and the wireless signal can be received, identified and judged by the fire extinguishing system controller 14 arranged in the monitoring room, so that the working state of the fire extinguishing system is obtained. The fire control system controller 14 may also send out a command signal to activate the fire extinguishing system, and the sent command signal is transmitted in the form of a wireless signal to a wireless signal receiver in the fire control management system module 11, where the wireless signal receiver converts the wireless signal into an electrical signal and transmits the electrical signal to the fire extinguishing controller 6. The wireless signal receiver is connected with the fire extinguishing controller through a wire 12. The control valve 9 is connected to the fire extinguishing controller 6 by a wire 12 and receives command signals from it. All components in the fire-fighting communication system are powered by an alternating current 220V power supply, and can be powered by a storage battery when power is off.
The fire control management system consists of a fire control system management host 15 and a fire control mobile terminal, and achieves the function of monitoring and managing the working state of the fire control system in the lithium-ion battery energy storage unit in real time. The fire-fighting system management host is installed in the monitoring room and is connected with the fire-fighting system controller 14 through a circuit for storing and managing the working data of the fire-fighting system of each energy storage unit. The personnel can send instructions to the fire extinguishing controller 6 via the fire management host 15 for switching on the fire extinguishing system. Meanwhile, the fire control system management host 15 is connected with the Internet, and transmits fire control system working data to the Internet in real time to realize remote sharing. The fire-fighting mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone, is provided with a corresponding management module (APP), can receive the data shared by the fire-fighting system management host 15 on the Internet in real time, and simultaneously, the fire-fighting mobile terminal and the fire-fighting management host 15 are synchronous in data in real time, so that the functions of remote mobile monitoring and management of the fire-fighting system in the energy storage station are realized.
The starting of the fire extinguishing system comprises two modes, namely a fire detecting tube 5 melting and breaking automatic fire extinguishing mode and a manual operation starting fire extinguishing mode. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
(1) The fire detecting tube 5 is melted and broken to automatically extinguish fire. When thermal runaway occurs or fire occurs in the energy storage battery 4 in the lithium ion battery energy storage unit, the surface temperature of the battery is rapidly increased, when the surface temperature of the energy storage battery 4 is higher than the breaking design temperature of the fire probe tube 5, the fire probe tube 5 attached to the surface of the energy storage battery 4 is melted and broken, so that the pressure in the fire probe tube 5 is rapidly reduced, and the release valve 8 is opened due to the pressure difference between the fire probe tube 5 and the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7, so that the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7 is rapidly sprayed out through the first release port and is released to the ignition area of the energy storage battery or the position of the battery where the thermal runaway occurs at the breaking position of the fire probe tube 5, and the fire is rapidly extinguished or the abnormal temperature rise caused by the thermal runaway of the battery is cooled. At the same time, a pressure signal generator mounted at the tail end of the fire detector tube 5 detects the drop of the pressure in the tube and outputs an electric signal to a wireless signal generator, which converts the electric signal into a wireless signal and sends the wireless signal to the fire control system controller 14. The fire protection system controller 14 recognizes and judges the received signals, sends out fire alarm information, and uploads the fire alarm information, the started fire protection system and other signals to the fire protection system management host 15 and the fire protection system mobile terminal, so that the fire protection system management host 15 operators and the personnel holding the mobile client can acquire the fire alarm information, such as the fire occurrence position and the like.
(2) The manual operation initiates the fire suppression mode. When a worker finds that a fire disaster or thermal runaway occurs in a certain energy storage battery unit 4, and when the fire extinguishing device of the fire detecting tube 5 is not started in time, a fire extinguishing system starting signal can be sent out through an emergency starting button/key on any device of the fire extinguishing system controller 14, the fire extinguishing system management host 15 and the fire extinguishing system mobile terminal, the sent fire extinguishing system starting signal is converted into a wireless signal through the fire extinguishing system controller 14 and is received by a corresponding wireless signal receiver, the wireless signal receiver converts the wireless signal into an electric signal to be transmitted to the fire extinguishing controller 6, at the moment, the fire extinguishing controller 6 opens a control valve 9 so as to open a fire extinguishing agent storage ball 7, and after the fire extinguishing agent passes through the control valve 9 and a conveying pipeline 13, the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to a fire area or a thermal runaway area by a spray head 10 to perform fire extinguishing or cooling treatment.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.