CN106410034B - A kind of perovskite solar battery and preparation method thereof with thermochromic properties - Google Patents
A kind of perovskite solar battery and preparation method thereof with thermochromic properties Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of perovskite solar battery and preparation method thereof with thermochromic properties, the solar battery by the non-conductive surfaces in transparent conductive substrate forms rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film and the conductive surface of the transparent conductive substrate sequentially forms electron transfer layer, perovskite absorbed layer, hole transmission layer and back electrode obtain, the vanadium dioxide film with a thickness of 500 nanometers~100 microns.Perovskite solar battery prepared by the present invention with thermochromic properties can effectively adjust indoor temperature while realizing photoelectric conversion, and economize on resources the energy, improves solar energy utilization ratio.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of inorganic nano material, and in particular to a kind of perovskite solar energy with thermochromic properties
Battery and its preparation method and application field.
Background technique
In recent years, gradually aggravate in energy crisis, under the background that environmental gradually deepens, global photoelectricity research neck
Domain achieves great progress, becomes one of the research hotspot of this century most prospect and strategic importance.In this area, due to
At low cost, simple process and excellent performance, perovskite solar battery become the research hotspot of field of photoelectric devices.The electricity
The sun light conversion efficiency that pond is put forward for the first time for 2009 is only 4%, and by development in 7 years, nowadays authentication efficiency was up to
22%, the incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency current more than non-crystal silicon solar cell and copper indium gallium selenium solar cell has the monocrystalline that matches in excellence or beauty
The potentiality of silicon and multi-junction gallium arsenide battery.Therefore, the research for perovskite battery is actively developed, battery structure and composition are optimized
Material, and innovation and development sustainable to national economy from now on have great meaning.Realize that battery has the base of high conversion efficiency
This approach is exactly to improve the extraction of photo-generated carrier, the ability of separation and transport.
Perovskite solar battery include 5 some materials, this 5 part be respectively be transparent conductive electrode first, commonly
It is FTO (mixing F stannic oxide) or ITO (tin indium oxide) electro-conductive glass；It is followed by electron transfer layer, for transporting photoproduction in time
Electronics and stop photohole, inhibits the compound of light induced electron and photohole；It is perovskite absorbing material, mainly calcium again
Titanium ore type Organic leadP halide (ABX3:A=CH3NH3, B=Pb, X=Cl, I, Br)；It is hole transmission layer again, for timely
It transports photohole and stops light induced electron, inhibit the compound of light induced electron and photohole；It is finally back electrode, the most commonly used is
Gold, silver and copper.Perovskite solar battery is a kind of novel solar battery based on organic amino group lead halide.Because it has both
Simple process and the high advantage of photoelectric conversion efficiency, the shortcomings that overcoming traditional silica-based solar cell complex process, same to timeliness
Much higher than organic solar batteries and dye-sensitized solar cells etc., be expected to realization with simple process preparation efficiency is more than rate
20% electrooptical device.
In addition, the intelligent power saving glass based on vanadium dioxide material, utilizes its special metal semiconductor temperature control phase transformation
Thermochromic properties have structure simple, completely dispense with switch or any artificial energy source can be achieved with temperature change of according with one's environment
The remarkable advantages such as full-automatic photo-thermal regulation, especially adapt to China's major part cold summer thermally area and various building demands, and
China has taken its place in the front ranks of the world in this regard, is expected to be broken through in a short time, takes the lead in realizing industrialization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention does not absorb infrared ray for perovskite solar battery in the prior art, keeps asking for high state thoroughly
Topic is intelligent compared to simple vanadium dioxide, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties
For window or perovskite solar battery, can effectively economize on resources the energy, improve solar energy utilization ratio.
Here, the present invention provides a kind of perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties, the solar battery
Rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film is formed by the non-conductive surfaces in transparent conductive substrate and in the transparent conductive substrate
Conductive surface sequentially forms electron transfer layer, perovskite absorbed layer, hole transmission layer and back electrode and obtains, the vanadium dioxide
Film with a thickness of 500 nanometers~100 microns, preferably 500 nanometers~50 microns, more preferable 20~50 microns.
The visible light in natural light is only absorbed for solar battery, present invention introduces thermochromic material-Rutile Types
Vanadium dioxide adjusts infrared part light.Rutile phase hypovanadic oxide material has excellent semiconductor-metal phase-change characteristic, when
When temperature rises to transformation temperature, since phonon-electronic vibration lead device structure changes inside vanadium dioxide, by monocline semiconductor phase
It is changed into quadratic metal phase, the thin-film material of preparation is visible high saturating, can be realized infrared adjusting.The present invention is proposed in perovskite
Rutile phase hypovanadic oxide material is introduced in solar battery, can be had in conjunction with perovskite solar battery and vanadium dioxide material
The energy that economizes on resources of effect, can intelligently adjust infrared light transmission, and effectively control the transmitting of heat.
Perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties of the invention can be used for smart window, mainly in can
Light-exposed transmitance region of less demanding.Available light first passes around perovskite solar battery, wherein 60% visible light quilt
Absorption is converted to electric energy.Since the band gap of perovskite absorbed layer is 1.5eV, infrared region is not absorbed.Therefore battery is penetrated
Some visible light and whole infrared lights pass through vanadium dioxide intelligence regulating course.When temperature is lower, the vanadium dioxide of semiconductor form
Infrared ray is not absorbed, high transmittance state is kept.As perovskite solar battery absorbs visible light, base reservoir temperature is increased,
When reaching phase transition temperature of vanadium dioxide, vanadium dioxide is undergone phase transition accordingly, is metal phase by semiconductor phase transition, to infrared region
The light in domain generates strong absorption, thus can effectively adjust room temperature.This calcium titanium with thermochromic properties
Mine solar battery is used as window-glass, not only can effectively absorb visible light and be converted to electric energy, but also can be with intelligent control
Heat is to indoor transmitting, to save the energy for indoor refrigeration.It can be seen that prepared by the present invention have thermal discoloration
The perovskite solar battery of energy can also carry out energy conversion while saving energy.
Preferably, the electron transfer layer (such as titanium deoxid film) with a thickness of 10 nanometers~100 nanometers.
It relative to conventional perovskite solar battery, needs to control the thickness of perovskite absorbed layer, controls it to visible light
Absorption, guarantee indoor certain visible light transmittance.But as visible absorption reduces, battery performance weakens.Pass through tune
Save perovskite absorber thickness, balancing battery performance and indoor transmitance.In the present invention, the perovskite absorbed layer with a thickness of
100 nanometers~1000 nanometers, preferably 100 nanometers~500 nanometers, more preferable 100~300.Vanadium dioxide film and perovskite are inhaled
The thickness ratio for receiving layer can be 200:1~50:1.
Preferably, the hole transmission layer with a thickness of 10 nanometers~100 nanometers.
Preferably, the back electrode with a thickness of 50 nanometers~500 nanometers.
The above-mentioned perovskite solar battery method with thermochromic properties is prepared the present invention also provides a kind of, comprising:
Non-conductive surfaces using spin-coating method in transparent conductive substrate deposit rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry, keep the temperature 1 in 80-100 DEG C
~2 hours formation rutile phase hypovanadic oxide films；Conductive surface using magnetron sputtering in the transparent conductive substrate deposits
Electron transfer layer, steamed altogether using double source method and spin-coating method be sequentially depositing on the electron transport layer perovskite absorb layer material and
Hole transport layer material prepares perovskite absorbed layer and hole transmission layer, is sunk on the hole transport layer by being evaporated in vacuo
Product back electrode obtains the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties.
Preferably, the rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry is mixed by the hypovanadic oxide powder and solvent of mass ratio 1:5~20
It closes and is made, the solvent is preferably ethyl alcohol.
Preferably, spin-coating method deposition rutile vanadium dioxide slurry during, revolving speed be 500 revs/min~2800 turns/
Minute, spin-coating time is 5 seconds~120 seconds.
Preferably, it is CH that the perovskite, which absorbs layer material,3NH3PbX3, wherein at least one in X Cl, Br, I.
Preferably, the hole transport layer material is Spiro-OMeTAD.
Preferably, the back electrode material is gold, silver or copper.
It, being capable of balancing battery performance and indoor transmitance by adjusting perovskite absorber thickness.At the same time, titanium dioxide
Vanadium material can intelligently adjust infrared transmittivity, and the corresponding heat that reduces is to indoor transmitting.Therefore, prepared by the present invention with thermotropic
The perovskite solar battery of discoloration can effectively adjust indoor temperature while realizing photoelectric conversion, save money
The source energy.In addition, preparation method preparation process of the invention is simple, it is practical.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: thermochromism perovskite solar battery structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2: 2 thermochromism perovskite solar battery efficiency of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3: 2 vanadium dioxide film thermochromic properties of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with attached drawing and following embodiments, it should be appreciated that attached drawing and following embodiments
The present invention is merely to illustrate to be not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention relates to one kind to have thermochromic properties perovskite solar battery, and the solar battery passes through saturating
Two surfaces of bright conductive substrates, i.e. front and back sides prepare perovskite solar battery (PSC) and vanadium dioxide nano thin film respectively
(VO2) and obtain.In conjunction with perovskite solar battery and vanadium dioxide material, this perovskite with thermochromic properties is too
Positive energy battery is used as window-glass, not only can effectively absorb visible light and be converted to electric energy, but also can be with intelligent control heat
To indoor transmitting, to save the energy for indoor refrigeration.
As shown in Figure 1, the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties of the invention includes being formed in transparent lead
The vanadium dioxide film of the non-conductive surfaces of electric substrate (such as FTO electro-conductive glass: FTO glass) and it is sequentially formed in institute
State the electron transfer layer of the conductive surface of transparent conductive substrate, perovskite absorbed layer (such as CH3NH3PbI 3), hole transmission layer
HTL and back electrode (such as Ag).In this implementation form, it is assumed that vanadium dioxide film is formed at the back side of transparent conductive substrate,
Each layer of perovskite solar battery is formed in the front of transparent conductive substrate.
In the present invention, the transparent conductive substrate is not particularly limited, such as can use FTO transparent conductive substrate, ITO
Transparent conductive substrate or AZO transparent conductive substrate etc..
Vanadium dioxide film in the present invention uses rutile phase hypovanadic oxide material, with excellent semiconductor-gold
Belong to phase-change characteristic, infrared transmittivity is higher when semiconductor phase, and infrared transmittivity is lower when metal phase, and the thin-film material of composition can
See that height thoroughly, can be realized infrared adjusting.
The rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film can be obtained using spin-coating method deposition rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry.Its
In, the rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry as spin coating liquid is mixed by the hypovanadic oxide powder and alcohol solvent of mass ratio 1:5~20
It closes and is made, hybrid mode, which can be, carries out 2800 revs/min for mixed slurry, sand mill 4 hours.In addition, solvent is not limited to second
Alcohol is also possible to isopropanol, normal propyl alcohol etc..
During spin-coating method deposits rutile vanadium dioxide slurry, revolving speed can be at 500 revs/min~2800 revs/min
Clock, spin-coating time are 5 seconds~120 seconds.The thickness of vanadium dioxide film can be at 500 nanometers to 100 microns, and preferably 500 nanometers
To 50 microns, more preferable 20~50 microns.The thickness of vanadium dioxide film has sunlight tune at 500 nanometers to 100 microns
The advantages of saving performance and visible light transmittance balance.
Rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film is formed by certain processing after spin coating.Specifically, as an example, can wrap
It includes: at the back side of transparent conducting glass, ethyl alcohol and hypovanadic oxide powder ratio being deposited as the Rutile Type of 20:1 by spin-coating method
Vanadium dioxide slurry, revolving speed are 2600 rpms, spin-coating time 40 seconds, are allowed to form a film, with a thickness of 500 nanometers, by 80-
100 DEG C form fine and close rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film in drying 1-2 hours.
In this embodiment, electron transfer layer, perovskite absorbed layer, sky are sequentially formed in the front of transparent conductive substrate
Cave transport layer HTL and back electrode, to obtain perovskite solar battery.In the present invention, to each of perovskite solar battery
Component part is not particularly limited, and is used as illustrates its structure and preparation method below.
Firstly, depositing one layer of fine and close titanium deoxid film as electron-transport in transparent conductive substrate front magnetron sputtering
Layer.
In the present invention, the thickness of titanium deoxid film can be at 10 nanometers -100 nanometers.Specifically, as an example,
Sputtering process includes: cavity air pressure 1.5Pa, argon gas and oxygen proportion 1:6, and sputtering power 700W is sputtered 15 minutes, forms thickness
30 nano-titanium dioxide compacted zones.
Then, it steams method and spin-coating method altogether by double source and is sequentially prepared perovskite absorbed layer and hole on titanium deoxid film
Transport layer.
The perovskite, which absorbs layer material, can use CH3NH3PbX3, wherein X is halogen (Cl, Br, I), be can be
Wherein some element is also possible to more than two element mixing.
It in the present invention, is controlled by the thickness to perovskite absorbed layer, controls its absorption to visible light, guarantee room
Interior certain visible light transmittance.As visible absorption reduces, battery performance weakens.Thickness is absorbed by adjusting perovskite
Degree, balancing battery performance and indoor transmitance.Perovskite absorbed layer of the invention with a thickness of 100 nanometers~1000 nanometers, it is excellent
100 nanometers~500 nanometers are selected, more preferable 100~300nm.The thickness of perovskite absorbed layer at 100 nanometers~1000 nanometers,
There is certain visible light transmittance.Specifically, as an example, the preparation process of perovskite absorbed layer includes: that double source steams altogether
PbI2And CH3NH3The perovskite absorbed layer that I is formed with a thickness of 100 nanometers.
Hole transport layer material can use Spiro-OMeTAD.
The thickness of hole transmission layer can be 10 nanometers -100 nanometers.Specifically, as an example, hole transmission layer
Spin coating process includes: spin coating configured solution, and the hole transmission layer with a thickness of 30 nanometers is formed after drying.
Finally, passing through vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode on the hole transport layer.In the present invention, back electrode material can be golden,
Silver or copper.
Back electrode thickness can be 50 nanometers -500 nanometers.Specifically, as an example, vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode
Process include: evaporation current selection 34A, evaporation time 15min, formed with a thickness of 50 nanometers of back electrode.
In the present invention, vanadium dioxide film is prepared on a surface of transparent conductive substrate by spin-coating method, and transparent
Another surface of conductive substrates, which forms perovskite solar battery, does not have specific sequencing, such as can first lead transparent
Electric substrate back prepares rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film, then prepares perovskite solar battery in the front FTO, can also be first
Perovskite solar battery is prepared, then prepares vanadium dioxide film.
As described above, the present invention introduces rutile phase hypovanadic oxide material in perovskite solar battery, energy-efficient
Energy conversion can also be carried out simultaneously.It is this that there is thermal discoloration in conjunction with perovskite solar battery and vanadium dioxide material
Can perovskite solar battery be used as window-glass, not only can effectively absorb visible light and be converted to electric energy, but also can be with
Infrared transmittivity intelligent control heat is adjusted to indoor transmitting, to save the energy for indoor refrigeration.
Advantages of the present invention:
Perovskite solar battery prepared by the present invention with thermochromic properties, can while realizing photoelectric conversion
Effectively to adjust indoor temperature, for simple vanadium dioxide smart window or perovskite solar battery, effectively
Economize on resources the energy, improves solar energy utilization ratio；
Preparation method preparation process of the invention is simple, practical.
Enumerate embodiment further below with the present invention will be described in detail.It will similarly be understood that following embodiment is served only for this
Invention is further described, and should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, those skilled in the art is according to this hair
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that bright above content is made all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.Following examples are specific
Technological parameter is also only an example in OK range, i.e. those skilled in the art can be done suitably by the explanation of this paper
Selection in range, and do not really want to be defined in hereafter exemplary specific value.
Embodiment 1
Firstly, depositing rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry, revolving speed by spin-coating method at the back side of transparent conducting glass
The vanadium dioxide film of 20 μm or so of thickness is made in 1600r/min, after 80 DEG C are handled 1 hour, forms fine and close rutile two
Vanadium oxide film.Secondly, preparing perovskite solar battery on transparent conducting glass.Pass through magnetron sputtering in conductive layer surface
The titanium deoxid film of deposition compact, air pressure keep 1.5Pa, argon oxygen ratio 6:1, sputtering power 700W, sputtering time 15min.With
Afterwards, double source steams method preparation altogether with a thickness of the perovskite absorbing material of 100nm, and spin-coating method is prepared with a thickness of 100nm hole transmission layer,
Finally by vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode, evaporation current 34A, evaporation time 15min.Final obtain has thermochromic properties
Perovskite solar battery.The perovskite with thermochromic properties is measured too by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer
The visible light transmittance of positive energy battery is 15%.Measuring this by standard perovskite solar cell test system has thermotropic change
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar battery of color performance is 2.16%.
Embodiment 2
Firstly, depositing rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry at the back side of transparent conducting glass by spin-coating method, thickness being made
20 μm or so of vanadium dioxide film forms fine and close rutile vanadium dioxide film after 80 DEG C are handled 1 hour.Secondly,
Perovskite solar battery is prepared on transparent conducting glass.Pass through the titanium dioxide of magnetron sputtering deposition compact in conductive layer surface
Film, then by double source steams method altogether and spin-coating method is sequentially prepared perovskite absorbed layer and hole transmission layer with a thickness of 300nm,
Finally by vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode (referring to embodiment 1).It is final to obtain the perovskite sun with thermochromic properties
It can battery.The visible light transmittance for measuring the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 13.7%.Measure this
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 3.34%.
Embodiment 3
Firstly, depositing rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry at the back side of transparent conducting glass by spin-coating method, thickness being made
20 μm or so of vanadium dioxide film forms fine and close rutile vanadium dioxide film after 80 DEG C are handled 1 hour.Secondly,
Perovskite solar battery is prepared on transparent conducting glass.Pass through the titanium dioxide of magnetron sputtering deposition compact in conductive layer surface
Film, then by double source steams method altogether and spin-coating method is sequentially prepared perovskite absorbed layer and hole transmission layer with a thickness of 500nm,
Finally by vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode (referring to embodiment 1).It is final to obtain the perovskite sun with thermochromic properties
It can battery.The visible light transmittance for measuring the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 9.26%.Measure this
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 3.86%.
Embodiment 4
Firstly, depositing rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry at the back side of transparent conducting glass by spin-coating method, thickness being made
50 μm or so of vanadium dioxide film forms fine and close rutile vanadium dioxide film after 80 DEG C are handled 1 hour.Secondly,
Perovskite solar battery is prepared on transparent conducting glass.Pass through the titanium dioxide of magnetron sputtering deposition compact in conductive layer surface
Film, then by double source steams method altogether and spin-coating method is sequentially prepared perovskite absorbed layer and hole transmission layer with a thickness of 200nm,
Finally by vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode (referring to embodiment 1).It is final to obtain the perovskite sun with thermochromic properties
It can battery.The visible light transmittance for measuring the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 11.54%.Measure this
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 3.19%.
Embodiment 5
Firstly, depositing rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry at the back side of transparent conducting glass by spin-coating method, thickness being made
100 μm or so of vanadium dioxide film forms fine and close rutile vanadium dioxide film after 80 DEG C are handled 1 hour.Secondly,
Perovskite solar battery is prepared on transparent conducting glass.One layer of fine and close titanium dioxide is deposited in conductive layer surface magnetron sputtering
Titanium film, then by double source steams method altogether and spin-coating method is sequentially prepared perovskite absorbed layer and hole transport with a thickness of 100nm
Layer, finally by vacuum evaporation deposition back electrode (referring to embodiment 1).It is final to obtain the perovskite with thermochromic properties too
Positive energy battery.The visible light transmittance for measuring the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 5.19%.It measures
The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties is 1.86%.
Fig. 2 shows 2 thermochromism perovskite solar battery efficiency of the embodiment of the present invention, PSC/VO2Indicate sunlight from
Perovskite solar battery face enters, and vanadium dioxide thermochromic layer enters as shown in Figure 2, and what Fig. 2 was indicated is both differences
In the case of, the transfer efficiency of solar battery.Fig. 3 shows 2 vanadium dioxide film thermochromic properties of the embodiment of the present invention, by scheming
Vanadium dioxide film of the invention known to 3 has good infrared regulatory function.Compare different-thickness perovskite absorbed layer and
Vanadium dioxide film can balance perovskite solar battery visible light transmittance and photoelectric conversion with thermochromic properties
Efficiency.It for different demands, biases toward photoelectric conversion performance or biases toward room brilliancy, to make corresponding adjusting.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of perovskite solar battery with thermochromic properties, which is characterized in that the solar battery by
The non-conductive surfaces of transparent conductive substrate form rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film and in the conductivity meters of the transparent conductive substrate
Face sequentially forms electron transfer layer, perovskite absorbed layer, hole transmission layer and back electrode and obtains, the vanadium dioxide film
With a thickness of 20~50 microns, the perovskite absorbed layer with a thickness of 100~300 nm.
2. solar battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electron transfer layer with a thickness of 10 nanometers~
100 nanometers.
3. solar battery according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the hole transmission layer with a thickness of 10 nanometers~
100 nanometers.
4. solar battery according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that the back electrode with a thickness of
50 nanometers~500 nanometers.
5. a kind of prepare the perovskite solar battery side described in any one of Claims 1-4 with thermochromic properties
Method, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Non-conductive surfaces using spin-coating method in transparent conductive substrate deposit rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry, in 80~100 DEG C
Keep the temperature 1~2 hour formation rutile phase hypovanadic oxide film；
Conductive surface using magnetron sputtering in the transparent conductive substrate deposits electron transfer layer, steams method and rotation altogether using double source
Coating is sequentially depositing perovskite on the electron transport layer and absorbs layer material and hole transport layer material, prepares perovskite absorption
Layer and hole transmission layer deposit back electrode by being evaporated in vacuo on the hole transport layer, obtain described with thermochromism
The perovskite solar battery of performance.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the rutile phase hypovanadic oxide slurry is by mass ratio 1:5
~20 hypovanadic oxide powder and solvent is mixed to prepare.
7. according to the method described in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the solvent is ethyl alcohol.
8. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the process of spin-coating method deposition rutile vanadium dioxide slurry
In, revolving speed is 500 revs/min~2800 revs/min, and spin-coating time is 5 seconds~120 seconds.
9. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, it is CH that the perovskite, which absorbs layer material,3NH3PbX3,
In, at least one in X Cl, Br, I.
10. a kind of perovskite solar battery described in any one of Claims 1-4 with thermochromic properties is used for intelligence
The purposes of energy window.
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| CN112687805B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2023-06-02 | 华侨大学 | Preparation method of perovskite solar cell electron transport layer |
| CN115268160A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-11-01 | 安徽华菱汽车有限公司 | Automobile and color-changing glass |
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| CN104836519A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-08-12 | 东南大学 | Integrated intelligent glass window based on perovskite solar cell power supply and method for manufacturing same |
| CN104979037A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-10-14 | 上海电力学院 | Transparent conducting thin film with enhanced thermal stability and preparation method and application thereof |
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| US6297900B1 (en) * | 1997-07-22 | 2001-10-02 | Sustainable Technologies Australia Limited | Electrophotochromic smart windows and methods |
| CN102757184A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Vanadium dioxide-based composite film with adjustable radiance as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104836519A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-08-12 | 东南大学 | Integrated intelligent glass window based on perovskite solar cell power supply and method for manufacturing same |
| CN104979037A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-10-14 | 上海电力学院 | Transparent conducting thin film with enhanced thermal stability and preparation method and application thereof |
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