CN106399109B - 一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻 - Google Patents
一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及废水废烟气污染控制和微藻生物柴油生产领域,尤其涉及一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻。具体是一株用于处理市政污水和火电厂烟道气并同步实现油脂积累的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2。为微藻技术用于废水废处理并联产生物柴油的工艺提供藻种。本发明小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)命名为DH2,于2016年9月28日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),登记入册编号为CGMCC13056。本发明具有抗污染能力强,可在实际污水中生长繁殖并积累油脂,可有效去除高含氮市政污水中的氮、磷等污染物,实现废水废气资源转化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及废水废烟气污染控制和微藻生物柴油生产领域,尤其涉及一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻。具体涉及一株用于处理市政污水和火电厂烟道气并同步实现油脂积累的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2。拟为微藻技术用于废水废处理并联产生物柴油的工艺提供功能藻种。
背景技术
现有的能源体系中,煤炭约占能源总需求的 3/4,在煤炭消耗中,我国火力发电煤炭消耗占比为60%左右。煤炭燃烧后产生大量CO2(含量约为15%),同时还产生SO2 (100-300mg/m3)、CO、悬浮颗粒物、NOx (100-300mg/m3)等一次大气污染物。由于NOx是雾霾等大气环境问题的重要成因之一,其温室效应也是CO2的300倍,而火电厂是主要的大气氮氧化物排放源,因此必需严格控制燃煤火电厂烟道气的氮排量。我国在2012年推行《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(BG13223-2011)中规定重点地区NOx的排放限值不可高于100mg/m3。而由于近年来北方地区大气污染严重,雾霾问题日益恶化,2014年5月,发改委、环保部和国家能源局联合印发《煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划(2014-2020年)》,进一步规定严控大气污染物排放,氮氧化物NOx的排放浓度不得高于50mg/m3,并鼓励支持同步开展大气污染物联合协同脱除。而传统的化学脱硝法在应用于超低排放时,不仅脱硝效率有限,运行成本也较高,且容易造成二次污染。
微藻是一种可以通过光合作用利用CO2合成自身营养物质如油脂等的生物。有报道称某些微藻细胞可以直接吸收气态NO分子(YOSHIHARA K,NAGASE H,EGUCHI K,et al.Miyamoto,biological elimination of nitric oxide and carbon dioxide from fluegas by marine microalga NOA113 cultivated in a long tubular photobioreactor[J] . J Ferment Bioeng,1996, 82( 4) :351 -354.),尤其是在吸收低浓度(浓度小于100ppm)的NO时具有明显优势;而利用微藻进行废水脱氮除磷的报道已经屡见不鲜。因此,如果将微藻技术应用于废水废烟气联合处理,则可同时实现CO2固定、NOx脱除、废水除磷脱氮,还有可能同时实现生物柴油联产。而微藻技术用于废水废气联合处理的基础是获得具有特殊功能的微藻藻种。因此,获得能在废水废烟气的环境中快速生长、具有良好的脱硝固碳能力,具有一定的油脂积累能力的微藻,对于烟气污染物超低排放、废水脱氮处理、生物质能源联产都具有潜在意义。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,提供了一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻。目的是实现分离筛选获得小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2,使该株小球藻可以在不灭菌的市政污水和模拟烟道气(只要含CO2和NOx)中快速稳定生长,并有效的固定烟道气中的CO2和去除烟道气中NOx及废水中的TN同时积累油脂的发明目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻,小球藻(Chlorellavulgaris)命名为DH2,于2016年9月28日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),登记入册编号为CGMCC13056。
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2是单细胞个体或双细胞群体。
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2细胞为圆形或纺锤形。
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2的活细胞一侧饱满一侧偏平。
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2的活细胞直径为1.5-3μm。
将所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到装有市政污水的反应器,初始接种量为1×105-1×106个/ml;市政污水的pH为7.0-8.0、COD含量为0-500mg/L、TN含量 50-150 mg/L、TP 含量2.5-8.0 mg/L;向反应器中曝模拟烟道气,模拟烟道气成分5-20% CO2和50-100ppm NO,其他成分为N2;微藻在反应系统中在自然光或者人工光源照射下利用模拟烟道气和市政污水中的碳源氮源和其他营养物质生长;培养条件为:光暗比18h:6h,光强1000-1800lux,曝气速度0.05-0.15vvm,温度15-30℃;培养5-15天后,采用离心或者电混凝的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水,收集的微藻用于生物柴油生产或用于其他微藻产品的生产加工,也可以回流到新的处理系统中进行污水废气联合处理。
将所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到pH为8.0、化学需氧量COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)含量为310mg/L、总氮TN含量 33 mg/L、总磷TP 含量3.6 mg/L的未经灭菌的市政污水中,初始接种量为5×105个/ml,在人工光源照射下使藻种利用污水中的养分生长,培养条件为:光强3000lux,曝气成分:5% CO2、75ppmNO、N2平衡,曝气速率0.1vvm,温度25℃;反应器运行一天后,反应器出口气体成分平均浓度稳定在2.5%CO2、35ppmNO(氮气平衡),培养5天后,小球藻DH2藻密度可达2.0g/L;采用离心的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水;处理后污水的COD、TN、TP的去除率分别为50.0%、65%、99.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB8978-2002)二级排放标准,收集的微藻油脂含量为22.8%。
将所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到pH为8.0、化学需氧量COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)含量为310mg/L、总氮TN含量 33 mg/L、总磷TP 含量3.6 mg/L的未经灭菌的市政污水中,初始接种量为5×105个/ml,在人工光源照射下使藻种利用污水中的养分生长,培养条件为:光强3000lux,曝气成分:15% CO2、50ppmNO、N2平衡,曝气速率0.1vvm,温度25℃;反应器运行一天后,反应器出口气体成分平均浓度稳定在13%CO2、19.8ppmNO(氮气平衡),培养5天后,小球藻DH2藻密度可达2.8g/L;采用离心的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水;处理后污水的COD、总氮TN、总磷TP的去除率分别为52.1%、67.0%、99.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB8978-2002)二级排放标准,收集的微藻油脂含量为23.5%。
本发明的有益效果及优点是:
本发明分离筛选获得的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2,具有抗污染能力强,可以在实际污水,即不灭菌的一般城市污水和模拟烟道气中生长繁殖并能积累油脂的优点。市政污水经小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2处理后,可有效去除高含氮市政污水中的氮、磷等污染物,2日氮、磷等污染物去除率分别可达60%和99%以上。小球藻DH2可以固定烟气中的CO2和吸收NOx,实现同时固碳脱硝;小球藻DH2可以固定模拟烟道气中2.5%体积浓度的CO2,模拟烟道气经过微藻反应系统后,2-3%体积的烟气被吸收(CO2),NO去除率可达50%以上,NO初始浓度在100ppm以下时, 反应器出口浓度可达50ppm以下,符合发改委、环保部和国家能源局联合印发的《煤电节能减排升级与改造行动计划(2014-2020年)》 ;同时,在市政废水和模拟烟道气联合培养下, 小球藻DH2藻密度可达2-2.8g/L,藻细胞的油脂含量高达23.5%,实现了废水废气资源转化。
下面结合本发明的具体实施例和附图,对本发明加以详细描述。
附图说明
图1是本发明小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2在光学显微镜下的形态表征;
图2是本发明小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2在荧光显微镜下的形态表征;
图3是本发明小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2在电镜下5000倍放大时的形态表征;
图4是本发明小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2在电镜下20000倍放大时形态的形态表征;
图5是本发明小球藻DH2接种到装有市政污水的反应器中的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明是一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻,申请人从江苏省宜兴市太湖岸泥中分离得到一株小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2,已于2016年9月28日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),登记入册编号为CGMCC13056,2016年10月26日签发受理通知书、存活性报告书。(CGMCC的地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮政编码:100101,电话010-64807355)
小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2是单细胞个体或双细胞群体;细胞圆形或纺锤形;活细胞一侧饱满一侧偏平,细胞直径1.5-3μm。如图1-图4所示。
将小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到装有市政污水的反应器,如图5所示,初始接种量为1×105-1×106个/ml。市政污水的pH为7.0-8.0、COD含量为0-500mg/L、TN含量 50-150 mg/L、TP 含量2.5-8.0 mg/L;向反应器中曝模拟烟道气,模拟烟道气成分5-20%CO2和50-100ppm NO,其他成分为N2;微藻在反应系统中在自然光或者人工光源照射下利用模拟烟道气和市政污水中的碳源氮源和其他营养物质生长。培养条件为:光暗比18h:6h,光强1000-1800lux,曝气速度0.05-0.15vvm,温度15-30℃。培养5-15天后,采用离心或者电混凝的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水。收集的微藻用于生物柴油生产或用于其他微藻产品的生产加工,也可以回流到新的处理系统中进行污水废气联合处理。
实施例1:
将小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到pH为8.0、化学需氧量COD(ChemicalOxygen Demand)含量为310mg/L、总氮TN含量 33 mg/L、总磷TP 含量3.6 mg/L的未经灭菌的市政污水中,初始接种量为5×105个/ml,在人工光源照射下使藻种利用污水中的养分生长,培养条件为:光强3000lux,曝气成分:5% CO2、75ppmNO、N2平衡,曝气速率0.1vvm,温度25℃。反应器运行一天后,反应器出口气体成分平均浓度稳定在2.5%CO2、35ppmNO(氮气平衡),培养5天后,小球藻DH2藻密度可达2.0g/L。采用离心的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水。处理后污水的COD、TN、TP的去除率分别为50.0%、65%、99.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB8978-2002)二级排放标准,收集的微藻油脂含量为22.8%。
实施例2:
将小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到pH为8.0、化学需氧量COD(ChemicalOxygen Demand)含量为310mg/L、总氮TN含量 33 mg/L、总磷TP 含量3.6 mg/L的未经灭菌的市政污水中,初始接种量为5×105个/ml,在人工光源照射下使藻种利用污水中的养分生长,培养条件为:光强3000lux,曝气成分:15% CO2、50ppmNO、N2平衡,曝气速率0.1vvm,温度25℃。反应器运行一天后,反应器出口气体成分平均浓度稳定在13%CO2、19.8ppmNO(氮气平衡),培养5天后,小球藻DH2藻密度可达2.8g/L。采用离心的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水。处理后污水的COD、总氮TN、总磷TP的去除率分别为52.1%、67.0%、99.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB8978-2002)二级排放标准。收集的微藻油脂含量为23.5%。
Claims (3)
1.一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻,其特征是:小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)命名为DH2,于2016年9月28日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),登记入册编号为CGMCC13056;
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2是单细胞个体或双细胞群体;
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2细胞为圆形或纺锤形;
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2的活细胞一侧饱满一侧偏平;
所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2的活细胞直径为1.5-3μm;
将所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到装有市政污水的反应器,初始接种量为1×105-1×106个/ml;市政污水的pH为7.0-8.0、COD含量为0-500mg/L、TN含量 50-150mg/L、TP 含量2.5-8.0 mg/L;向反应器中曝模拟烟道气,模拟烟道气成分5-20% CO2和50-100ppm NO,其他成分为N2;微藻在反应系统中在自然光或者人工光源照射下利用模拟烟道气和市政污水中的碳源氮源和其他营养物质生长;培养条件为:光暗比18h:6h,光强1000-1800lux,曝气速度0.05-0.15vvm,温度15-30℃;培养5-15天后,采用离心或者电混凝的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水,收集的微藻用于生物柴油生产或用于其他微藻产品的生产加工,也可以回流到新的处理系统中进行污水废气联合处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻,其特征是:将所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到pH为8.0、化学需氧量COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)含量为310mg/L、总氮TN含量 33 mg/L、总磷TP 含量3.6 mg/L的未经灭菌的市政污水中,初始接种量为5×105个/ml,在人工光源照射下使藻种利用污水中的养分生长,培养条件为:光强3000lux,曝气成分:5% CO2、75ppmNO、N2平衡,曝气速率0.1vvm,温度25℃;反应器运行一天后,反应器出口气体成分平均浓度稳定在2.5%CO2、35ppmNO(氮气平衡),培养5天后,小球藻DH2藻密度可达2.0g/L;采用离心的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水;处理后污水的COD、TN、TP的去除率分别为50.0%、65%、99.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB8978-2002)二级排放标准,收集的微藻油脂含量为22.8%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一株用于废水废气联合处理同步实现固碳脱硝的小球藻,其特征是:将所述小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)DH2接种到pH为8.0、化学需氧量COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)含量为310mg/L、总氮TN含量 33 mg/L、总磷TP 含量3.6 mg/L的未经灭菌的市政污水中,初始接种量为5×105个/ml,在人工光源照射下使藻种利用污水中的养分生长,培养条件为:光强3000lux,曝气成分:15% CO2、50ppmNO、N2平衡,曝气速率0.1vvm,温度25℃;反应器运行一天后,反应器出口气体成分平均浓度稳定在13%CO2、19.8ppmNO(氮气平衡),培养5天后,小球藻DH2藻密度可达2.8g/L;采用离心的方法收集微藻,排出处理后水;处理后污水的COD、总氮TN、总磷TP的去除率分别为52.1%、67.0%、99.2%,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB8978-2002)二级排放标准,收集的微藻油脂含量为23.5%。
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