CN106392077B - A kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN106392077B CN106392077B CN201610880718.3A CN201610880718A CN106392077B CN 106392077 B CN106392077 B CN 106392077B CN 201610880718 A CN201610880718 A CN 201610880718A CN 106392077 B CN106392077 B CN 106392077B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of high-boron stainless steel plate, encapsulate including powder: the high boron stainless steel alloy powder for meeting chemical component requirement being fitted into jolt ramming in frame box and is filled up, cover board is covered and carries out welding encapsulation；Free forging: packaged frame box is put into high temperature furnace, is freely forged into slab after heated, heating, heat preservation；Hot rolling: the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, and the thin plate of required thickness is rolled into after heated, heating, heat preservation；Shape extrusion: hot rolled plate is gone into frame, solution treatment and alignment, obtains the finished product plate that boride is uniformly distributed in austenite, density is 97~99%T.D.The finished product plate manufactured according to present invention process, performance is same as the plate property that the technique of the prior art manufactures excellent, and the requirement for equipment is lower, and manufacturing cost is also lower.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technologies of preparing of nuclear material and ceramic material, and in particular to a kind of preparation side of high-boron stainless steel plate
Method.
Background technique
After boron absorbs neutron, the α particle for only generating soft γ photon (about 0.5MeV) and being easier to be absorbed by, without big
Remaining artificial radioactivity.Therefore, boron, which is added to the boron stainless steel prepared in stainless steel, can be used as neutron absorber material, be mounted on
The neutron leaked out from reactor core can be absorbed around nuclear reactor, to ensure the safety of Job Operations personnel around it；?
In the storage and transport of nuclear fuel, boron stainless steel may insure that nuclear fuel depth is in subcritical safety as neutron absorber material
Under threshold degree, guarantee the safety of nuclear fuel storage or transport.
In ASTM A887-89 standard, according to mechanical property, high boron stainless steel can be divided into A grades and B grades, and A grades not only
It may be used as shielding and absorb nuclear material, can also double as structural material, be qualified structure-shielding integrated material；And B
Grade can only be used as neutron absorber material, and when use generally requires structural material and assists.Currently, preparing for high boron stainless steel is main
It is also classified into two methods --- founding/forging method and powder metallurgic method.Production practices confirm that founding/forging method can only produce
B grades high boron stainless steel out, and powder metallurgic method can produce A grades of boron stainless steels (C.V.ROBINO and M.J.CIESLAK,
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A.V(26A),July 1995:1673-1685).For manufacture
A grades of boron stainless steels, current technology scheme have: (1) atomization boronated stainless steel powder being fitted into progress HIP (hot isostatic pressing) in cylinder of steel
Processing, the thick steel plate with clad is made, reroll later be made sheet metal (JP06207207, JP2002022891 (A),
JPH0347946(A))；(2) band cladding can also be made other than HIP processing in atomization powder cylinder of steel by the way of hot extrusion
The thick steel plate of layer, rerolls sheet metal (JPH0499806 (A)) is made later.Hot isostatic pressing or hot extrusion are used in above scheme
Mode, for these processing modes although available nearly fully dense slab, required the device is complicated, high operation requirements, causes whole
A manufacturing cost it is higher.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation methods of high-boron stainless steel plate, solve the mode of current hot extrusion
The thick steel plate with clad is made, reroll the method equipment requirement height that sheet metal is made, problem complicated for operation later.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(a) powder encapsulates: the high boron stainless steel alloy powder for meeting chemical component requirement is fitted into jolt ramming in frame box
It fills up, covers cover board and carry out welding encapsulation；
(b) free forging: packaged frame box is put into high temperature furnace, free forging after heated, heating, heat preservation
At slab；
(c) hot rolling: the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, is rolled into required thickness after heated, heating, heat preservation
The thin plate of degree；
(d) shape extrusion: hot rolled plate is gone into frame, solution treatment and alignment, it is uniform in austenite to obtain boride
Distribution, the finished product plate that density is 97~99%T.D.
In the prior art, the preparation process of high boron stainless steel is not largely the processing technology of powder metallurgy, such side
Method is all largely to prevent the measure method of cracking in the process segment, simultaneously different from the powder metallurgy of the application；In addition to this, also
It is the high boron stainless steel preparation process of some powder metallurgy, preparation method is roughly the same, it may be assumed that atomized powder is packed into cylinder of steel
Middle progress HIP (hot isostatic pressing) is hot extruded into the thick steel plate with clad, is rolled into the steel plate with clad later, these sides
Method needs more equipment and more complex operating procedure for the more demanding of equipment；And the technical solution of the application is Shen
It asks someone that the application has finally been determined by experiment and theoretical research repeatedly in the high boron stainless steel processing experiment of powder metallurgy
Scheme, after being encapsulated by using powder, heated in high temperature furnace, directly forging processing mode be forged into slab, then will
Slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, and the thin plate of required thickness is rolled into after heated, heating, heat preservation, then will be hot
Thin plate after rolling go frame, solution treatment and alignment, obtain boride be uniformly distributed in austenite, density be 97~
The technique of the finished product plate of 99%T.D, the finished product plate manufactured according to present invention process, performance and the prior art manufactures
Plate property out is equally excellent, and still, equipment is less, and operating procedure is also simpler, and the requirement for equipment is lower, manufacture
Cost is also lower, overcomes the technology prejudice of steel making stainless for high boron in this field, and it is stainless to open a completely new high boron
Steel overcomes the manufacturing technology bottleneck of high boron stainless steel for process line, is conducive to the popularization and application of high boron stainless steel.
In step (a) the powder encapsulation, each composition by weight percent of high boron stainless steel alloy powder are as follows: C:0.01
~0.08%, B:0.5~1.5%, Si≤1.0%, Mn≤2.0%, P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%, Ni:12.0~
15.0%, Cr:18.0~20.0%, N≤0.10%, O≤0.005%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity, and high boron is stainless
The partial size of steel alloy powder is 10~80 μm.
Welding encapsulation is completed using manual argon arc welding.Using the frame box forging of powder, boracic is effectively overcome
The problem of stainless steel material plasticity is poor, difficult forming, the size for the plate finished product for forming the present invention, thickness are controllable, operability
The problem of stronger, boronated stainless steel material is processed in frame box, effectively overcomes boron volatile loss, makes the present invention
The plate boron content of formation is more controllable.
In the free forging of (b), high temperature furnace heating temperature is 1150~1200 DEG C, 5~10 DEG C/min of heating rate,
Keep the temperature 60~90min；Dan Huoci forging, initial forging temperature are no more than 1150 DEG C, and final forging temperature is not less than 950 DEG C, forging drafts
Not less than 50%.Research discovery through inventor: if heating temperature is excessively high, such as more than 1200 DEG C, one side material thermoplastic
Property reduce rapidly, another aspect boride is precipitated agglomeration in crystal boundary and is more obvious, and it is free that these are unfavorable for high boron stainless steel
The integrality of forging processing；Heating temperature is too low, for example is lower than 1150 DEG C, and powder metallurgy soldering is difficult, and densification difficulty increases,
The mechanical property that forging processing also seriously affects final material is influenced, based on same reason, and considers material when forging
Temperature rise, initial forging temperature should be no more than 1150 DEG C, and final forging temperature is not less than the other Dan Huoci forging drafts of 950 DEG C of in this technique
In it is also critically important, through repetition test research confirm: drafts be lower than 50%, the consistency of material is not high after forging, after easily causing
Continuous hot rolling cracking, and the mechanical property of final material is influenced, therefore forging processing drafts should be not less than 50%.
In step (c) hot rolling, high temperature furnace heating temperature is 1000~1150 DEG C, 5~10 DEG C/min of heating rate,
Keep the temperature 40~60min；More fire time hot rollings, amount is no more than 40% under Dan Huoci maximum hot rolling.Further, heating temperature is to most
The Effect on Mechanical Properties of whole hot rolled plate is larger, through test of many times research it has been verified that heating temperature is lower than 1000 DEG C or is higher than
Hot rolled plate of the mechanical property of 1150 DEG C of hot rolled plate than 1000 DEG C~1150 DEG C is very different.
In step (d) shape extrusion, solid solubility temperature is 1050~1150 DEG C, solution time t=(2~4) × h, t
Unit min, h are plate thickness, unit mm.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits:
1, a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, after being encapsulated using powder, is heated, directly in high temperature furnace
The mode of forging processing is forged into slab, and then the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, heated, heating, heat preservation
It is rolled into the thin plate of required thickness afterwards, the thin plate after hot rolling is then gone into frame, solution treatment and alignment, obtains boride
It is uniformly distributed in austenite, the finished product plate that density is 97~99%T.D, the production board manufactured according to present invention process
Material, performance is same as the plate property that the technique of the prior art manufactures excellent, and still, equipment is less, operating procedure
Simpler, the requirement for equipment is lower, and manufacturing cost is also lower, overcomes the skill of steel making stainless for high boron in this field
Art prejudice opens a completely new high boron stainless steel preparation process route, overcomes the manufacturing technology bottleneck of high boron stainless steel, have
Conducive to the popularization and application of high boron stainless steel；
2, a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention effectively overcomes using the frame box forging of powder
The problem of boronated stainless steel material plasticity is poor, difficult forming, the size for the plate finished product for forming the present invention, thickness are controllable, behaviour
The problem of property made is stronger, and boronated stainless steel material is processed in frame box, effectively overcomes boron volatile loss, makes this
It is more controllable to invent the plate boron content formed；
3, a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, substitutes the prior art in such a way that powder directly forges and presses
In hot isostatic pressing or hot extrusion mode, the cost input of hot isostatic press or heat extruder has been used in process route, into
And the manufacturing cost of high boron stainless steel in current powder metallurgy preparation is effectively reduced；
4, a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, the high-boron stainless steel plate material prepared in the method
In, the boride is tiny and is evenly distributed in austenitic matrix, and comprehensive performance is better than the high boron of traditional fusion casting preparation not
Become rusty steel, can be used as structure-shielding integrated material, effect is very significant；
5, a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, required process equipment is simple, advantage of lower cost, plate
Material excellent combination property, boride is tiny and distributing homogeneity is good, meets nuclear radiation protection, Nuclear Power Station's Exhausted Fuels store and transport critical control
System etc. is to structure-shielding integrated material design requirement.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the micro-organization chart for the high-boron stainless steel plate material that the embodiment of the present invention one obtains；
Fig. 2 is the micro-organization chart for the high-boron stainless steel plate material that the embodiment of the present invention two obtains；
Fig. 3 is the micro-organization chart for the high-boron stainless steel plate material that the embodiment of the present invention three obtains.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
Embodiment one
A kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, sequentially carries out in accordance with the following steps:
(a) powder encapsulates: be C:0.03%, B:0.5%, Si:0.75%, Mn:1.2%, P by chemical component:
0.015%, S:0.010%, Ni:13.5%, Cr:18.9%, N:0.050%, O:0.001%, remaining is for Fe and unavoidably
Impurity, 10 μm of granularity of high boron stainless steel alloy powder is fitted into jolt ramming in frame box and fills up, and cover board is covered, using manual argon
Arc-welding or other equivalent ways carry out welding encapsulation；
(b) free forging: packaged frame box is put into high temperature furnace, be heated to 1150 DEG C, 10 DEG C of heating rate/
It is freely forged into slab after min, heat preservation 90min, using Dan Huoci forging, 950 DEG C of final forging temperature, forging drafts is not less than
50%.
(c) hot rolling: the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, is heated to 1150 DEG C, 10 DEG C/min of heating rate,
It is rolled into the plate of required thickness after heat preservation 60min, using more fire time hot rollings, measures and is no more than under Dan Huoci maximum hot rolling
40%.
(d) shape extrusion: hot rolled plate is gone after frame to carry out 1050 DEG C of solution treatment, solution time t=30min is passed through again
Alignment, obtains boride and is uniformly distributed in austenite, and density is the finished product plate of 98%T.D.
The plate obtained according to the present embodiment, micro-organization chart is as shown in Figure 1, can be seen that material from the organization chart of Fig. 1
Material is uniformly distributed in austenitic matrix, has close to full densification, fine particle shape Dark grey boride of the size no more than 3 μm
The tissue characteristics of A grades of boron stainless steels of high-performance.
Embodiment two
A kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, sequentially carries out in accordance with the following steps:
(a) powder encapsulates: be C:0.026%, B:1.0%, Si:0.65%, Mn:1.3%, P by chemical component:
0.018%, S:0.010%, Ni:14.0%, Cr:18.5%, N:0.030%, O:0.001%, remaining is for Fe and unavoidably
Impurity, 40 μm of granularity of high boron stainless steel alloy powder is fitted into jolt ramming in frame box and fills up, and cover board is covered, using manual argon
Arc-welding or other equivalent ways carry out welding encapsulation；
(b) free forging: packaged frame box is put into high temperature furnace, be heated to 1200 DEG C, 10 DEG C of heating rate/
It is freely forged into slab after min, heat preservation 90min, using Dan Huoci forging, 950 DEG C of final forging temperature, forging drafts is not less than
50%.
(c) hot rolling: the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, is heated to 1000 DEG C, 10 DEG C/min of heating rate,
The plate of required thickness is rolled into after heat preservation 60min.Using more fire time hot rollings, measures and be no more than under Dan Huoci maximum hot rolling
40%.
(d) shape extrusion: hot rolled plate is gone after frame to carry out 1150 DEG C of solution treatment, solution time t=25min is passed through again
Alignment, obtains boride and is uniformly distributed in austenite, the finished product plate of density 98%T.D, Akv2=62J.
The plate obtained according to the present embodiment, micro-organization chart is as shown in Fig. 2, can be seen that material from the organization chart of Fig. 2
For material equally close to full densification, fine particle shape Dark grey boride even dispersion of the size no more than 3 μm is distributed in austenite base
In body, equally with the tissue characteristics of high-performance A grades of boron stainless steel.
Embodiment three
A kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate of the present invention, sequentially carries out in accordance with the following steps:
(a) powder encapsulates: be C:0.025%, B:1.5%, Si:0.85%, Mn:1.1%, P by chemical component:
0.014%, S:0.010%, Ni:13.8%, Cr:19.0%, N:0.040%, O:0.001%, remaining is for Fe and unavoidably
Impurity, 80 μm of granularity of high boron stainless steel alloy powder is fitted into jolt ramming in frame box and fills up, and cover board is covered, using manual argon
Arc-welding or other equivalent ways carry out welding encapsulation；
(b) free forging: packaged frame box is put into high temperature furnace, be heated to 1050 DEG C, 5 DEG C of heating rate/
It is freely forged into slab after min, heat preservation 90min, using Dan Huoci forging, 950 DEG C of final forging temperature, forging drafts is not less than
50%.
(c) hot rolling: the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, is heated to 1050 DEG C, 5 DEG C/min of heating rate,
The plate of required thickness is rolled into after heat preservation 60min.Using more fire time hot rollings, measures and be no more than under Dan Huoci maximum hot rolling
40%.
(d) hot rolled plate: being gone after frame to carry out 1100 DEG C of solution treatment by shape extrusion, solution time t=20min, then
It is straightened, obtains boride and be uniformly distributed in austenite, density is 99%T.D finished product plate.
The plate obtained according to the present embodiment, micro-organization chart is as shown in figure 3, can be seen that material from the organization chart of Fig. 3
For material equally close to full densification, fine particle shape Dark grey boride even dispersion of the size no more than 4 μm is distributed in austenite base
In body, equally with the tissue characteristics of high-performance A grades of boron stainless steel.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
(a) powder encapsulates: the high boron stainless steel alloy powder for meeting chemical component requirement is fitted into jolt ramming in frame box and is filled up,
It covers cover board and carries out welding encapsulation；
(b) free forging: packaged frame box is put into high temperature furnace, is freely forged into thickness after heated, heating, heat preservation
Plate；
(c) hot rolling: the slab after forging is placed again into high temperature furnace, is rolled into required thickness after heated, heating, heat preservation
Thin plate；
(d) shape extrusion: hot rolled plate is gone into frame, solution treatment and alignment, boride is obtained and uniformly divides in austenite
Cloth, the finished product plate that density is 97~99%T.D；
In the free forging of (b), high temperature furnace heating temperature is 1150~1200 DEG C, 5~10 DEG C/min of heating rate, heat preservation
60~90min；Dan Huoci forging, initial forging temperature are no more than 1150 DEG C, and final forging temperature is not less than 950 DEG C, and forging drafts is not low
In 50%.
2. a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (a) powder
In material encapsulation, each composition by weight percent of high boron stainless steel alloy powder are as follows: C:0.01~0.08%, B:0.5~1.5%,
Si≤1.0%, Mn≤2.0%, P≤0.035%, S≤0.030%, Ni:12.0~15.0%, Cr:18.0~20.0%, N≤
0.10%, O≤0.005%, remaining is Fe and inevitable impurity, and the partial size of high boron stainless steel alloy powder is 10~80 μ
m。
3. a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (a) powder
In material encapsulation, welding encapsulation is completed using manual argon arc welding.
4. a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (c) heat
In rolling, high temperature furnace heating temperature is 1000~1150 DEG C, 5~10 DEG C/min of heating rate, keeps the temperature 40~60min；More fire time heat
It rolls, amount is no more than 40% under Dan Huoci maximum hot rolling.
5. a kind of preparation method of high-boron stainless steel plate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (d) type
In material processing, solid solubility temperature is 1050~1150 DEG C, solution time t=(2~4) × h, t unit min, h are plate thickness, unit mm.
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| CN110527929B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 东北大学 | Boron-containing stainless steel thick plate with excellent plasticity and toughness and preparation method thereof |
| CN110541122A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-06 | 东莞市中瑞金属材料有限公司 | novel alloy steel and manufacturing process thereof |
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