CN106390941A - 一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106390941A
CN106390941A CN201610972806.6A CN201610972806A CN106390941A CN 106390941 A CN106390941 A CN 106390941A CN 201610972806 A CN201610972806 A CN 201610972806A CN 106390941 A CN106390941 A CN 106390941A
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金福兴
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料及其制备方法。由以下步骤制备而成:(1)将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻烘干粉碎,清洗过滤烘干,得混合粉末;(2)将氢氧化钠和去离子水混合搅拌,加入混合粉末搅拌反应;(3)降至室温,加入去离子水和双氧水搅拌;(4)加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应后洗涤,烘干得混合粉末A;(5)将高岭土和钾长石混合研磨,过筛得混合粉末B;(6)将混合粉末A和去离子水混合搅拌,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉搅拌;(7)清洗后过滤,烘干即得。本发明的吸附材料对各重金属离子都有很好的去除效果,同时其原料主要为环境友好型成分,成本低且不对环境造成二次污染。

Description

一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料领域,具体涉及一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着经济的快速增长,城市和工农业的发展也极为迅速,从而大量具有潜在毒性的化合物被排放到生物圈,其中包括重金属,这些重金属通过食物链而生物富集,对生物和人体健康构成了严重的威胁。据粗略统计,在过去的五十年中,全球排放到水体中的铅、镉和铜分别达到了783000吨、22000吨和939000吨,已经严重污染到了我们的自然水体。若是继续将这些未处理或处理不达标的废水直接排放进自然水体,将会对人类健康和环境产生巨大的危害。因此,开发一种有效地、环保的重金属离子吸附剂,对于保护水体安全,人类健康都具有重要的意义。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题:本发明的目的是提供一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,对Cu2+、Hg2+、Cr2+和Pb2+都有很好的去除效果,同时采用的原料主要为环境友好型成分,成本低且不对环境造成二次污染。
技术方案:一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆10-20份、兰考泡桐叶5-10份、小球藻3-7份、高岭土4-8份、钾长石2-5份、海藻酸钠1-3份、羟丙基纤维素1-2份、脱脂大豆粉0.5-1份、次氯酸钠20-30份、氢氧化钠10-15份、双氧水5-8份、去离子水120-170份。
进一步优选的,所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆12-18份、兰考泡桐叶6-9份、小球藻4-6份、高岭土5-7份、钾长石3-4份、海藻酸钠1.5-2.5份、羟丙基纤维素1.3-1.8份、脱脂大豆粉0.6-0.9份、次氯酸钠22-28份、氢氧化钠11-14份、双氧水6-7份、去离子水130-160份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和20-40份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速100-130r/min下搅拌30-60分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度90-100℃下搅拌反应30-60分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入10-20份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌20-40分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应20-40分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨5-8小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌20-40分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度60-70℃下搅拌30-50分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
进一步优选的,步骤(2)中转速为110-120r/min,室温下搅拌时间为40-50分钟,水浴温度为95℃,反应时间为40-50分钟。
进一步优选的,步骤(3)中搅拌时间为25-35分钟。
进一步优选的,步骤(5)中研磨时间为6-7小时。
进一步优选的,步骤(6)中第一次搅拌时间为25-35分钟,水浴温度为65℃,第二次搅拌时间为35-45分钟。
有益效果:本发明的环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料对Cu2+、Hg2+、Cr2+和Pb2+都有很好的去除效果,其中,对Hg2+的去除效果最佳,去除率最高可达99.3%,对Cu2+、Cr2+和Pb2+的去除率也分别达到了98.6%、92.9%和95.7%,同时本发明采用的原料主要为环境友好型成分,成本低且不对环境造成二次污染。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆10份、兰考泡桐叶5份、小球藻3份、高岭土4份、钾长石2份、海藻酸钠1份、羟丙基纤维素1份、脱脂大豆粉0.5份、次氯酸钠20份、氢氧化钠10份、双氧水5份、去离子水120份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和20-40份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速100r/min下搅拌30分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度90℃下搅拌反应30分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入10份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌20分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应20分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨5小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌20分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度60℃下搅拌30分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
实施例2
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆12份、兰考泡桐叶6份、小球藻4份、高岭土5份、钾长石3份、海藻酸钠1.5份、羟丙基纤维素1.3份、脱脂大豆粉0.6份、次氯酸钠22份、氢氧化钠11份、双氧水6份、去离子水130份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和25份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速110r/min下搅拌40分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度95℃下搅拌反应40分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入15份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌25分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应25分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨6小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌25分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度65℃下搅拌35分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
实施例3
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆15份、兰考泡桐叶7.5份、小球藻5份、高岭土6份、钾长石3.5份、海藻酸钠2份、羟丙基纤维素1.5份、脱脂大豆粉0.75份、次氯酸钠25份、氢氧化钠12.5份、双氧水6.5份、去离子水145份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和30份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速115r/min下搅拌45分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度95℃下搅拌反应45分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入15份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌30分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应30分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨6.5小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌30分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度65℃下搅拌40分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
实施例4
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆18份、兰考泡桐叶9份、小球藻6份、高岭土7份、钾长石4份、海藻酸钠2.5份、羟丙基纤维素1.8份、脱脂大豆粉0.9份、次氯酸钠28份、氢氧化钠14份、双氧水7份、去离子水160份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和35份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速120r/min下搅拌50分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度95℃下搅拌反应50分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入15份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌35分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应35分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨7小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌35分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度65℃下搅拌45分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
实施例5
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆20份、兰考泡桐叶10份、小球藻7份、高岭土8份、钾长石5份、海藻酸钠3份、羟丙基纤维素2份、脱脂大豆粉1份、次氯酸钠30份、氢氧化钠15份、双氧水8份、去离子水170份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和40份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速130r/min下搅拌60分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度100℃下搅拌反应60分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入20份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌40分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应40分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨8小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌40分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度70℃下搅拌50分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
对比例1
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于不含有玉米秸秆,以兰考泡桐叶代替。具体地说是:
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:兰考泡桐叶15份、小球藻3份、高岭土4份、钾长石2份、海藻酸钠1份、羟丙基纤维素1份、脱脂大豆粉0.5份、次氯酸钠20份、氢氧化钠10份、双氧水5份、去离子水120份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和20-40份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速100r/min下搅拌30分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度90℃下搅拌反应30分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入10份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌20分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应20分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨5小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌20分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度60℃下搅拌30分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
对比例2
本实施例与实施例1的区别在于不含有海藻酸钠和羟丙基纤维素。具体地说是:
一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆10份、兰考泡桐叶5份、小球藻3份、高岭土4份、钾长石2份、脱脂大豆粉0.5份、次氯酸钠20份、氢氧化钠10份、双氧水5份、去离子水120份。
上述环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法为:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和20-40份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速100r/min下搅拌30分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度90℃下搅拌反应30分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入10份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌20分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应20分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨5小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌20分钟,加入混合粉末B和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度60℃下搅拌30分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
将本发明材料投入待处理废水中,投加量为8mg/L,搅拌吸附反应60分钟后对部分重金属离子的去除率进行测定,结果见下表,我们可以看到,本发明材料对Cu2+、Hg2+、Cr2+和Pb2+都有很好的去除效果,其中,对Hg2+的去除效果最佳,去除率最高可达99.3%,对Cu2+、Cr2+和Pb2+的去除率也分别达到了98.6%、92.9%和95.7%,同时本发明采用的原料主要为环境友好型成分,成本低且不对环境造成二次污染。对比例1和对比例2中分别不含有玉米秸秆及海藻酸钠和羟丙基纤维素,对于各重金属离子的去除率都有明显的下降,说明这几种成分对于重金属离子的去除效果都有较大的作用。
表1 环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料对部分重金属离子的去除率
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 对比例1 对比例2
Cu2+去除率(%) 97.3 97.7 98.1 98.6 98.2 90.4 91.2
Hg2+去除率(%) 98.4 98.7 98.9 99.3 99.1 93.6 94.7
Cr2+去除率(%) 92.1 92.4 92.6 92.9 92.6 87.9 87.3
Pb2+去除率(%) 94.7 94.9 95.3 95.7 95.4 91.8 91.6
注:所配置的模拟废水中Cu2+、Hg2+、Cr2+和Pb2+的初始浓度都为200mg/L。

Claims (7)

1.一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,其特征在于:由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆10-20份、兰考泡桐叶5-10份、小球藻3-7份、高岭土4-8份、钾长石2-5份、海藻酸钠1-3份、羟丙基纤维素1-2份、脱脂大豆粉0.5-1份、次氯酸钠20-30份、氢氧化钠10-15份、双氧水5-8份、去离子水120-170份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料,其特征在于:由以下成分以重量份制备而成:玉米秸秆12-18份、兰考泡桐叶6-9份、小球藻4-6份、高岭土5-7份、钾长石3-4份、海藻酸钠1.5-2.5份、羟丙基纤维素1.3-1.8份、脱脂大豆粉0.6-0.9份、次氯酸钠22-28份、氢氧化钠11-14份、双氧水6-7份、去离子水130-160份。
3.权利要求1至2任一项所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1) 将玉米秸秆、兰考泡桐叶和小球藻放入烘箱中烘干后用粉碎机进行粉碎,用水清洗,过滤后放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末;
(2) 将氢氧化钠和20-40份去离子水混合搅拌得溶液,加入混合粉末,室温下在转速100-130r/min下搅拌30-60分钟,放入水浴锅中,在温度90-100℃下搅拌反应30-60分钟;
(3) 降至室温,加入10-20份去离子水和双氧水,搅拌20-40分钟;
(4) 加入次氯酸钠搅拌反应20-40分钟后用蒸馏水洗涤,放入烘箱中烘干,得混合粉末A;
(5) 将高岭土和钾长石混合,放入研磨机中进行研磨5-8小时,过100目筛,去除大颗粒,得混合粉末B;
(6) 将混合粉末A和剩余去离子水混合搅拌20-40分钟,加入混合粉末B、海藻酸钠、羟丙基纤维素和脱脂大豆粉,放入水浴锅中,在温度60-70℃下搅拌30-50分钟;
(7) 用蒸馏水清洗后过滤,放入烘箱中烘干即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中转速为110-120r/min,室温下搅拌时间为40-50分钟,水浴温度为95℃,反应时间为40-50分钟。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)中搅拌时间为25-35分钟。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中研磨时间为6-7小时。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种环境友好型重金属离子吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中第一次搅拌时间为25-35分钟,水浴温度为65℃,第二次搅拌时间为35-45分钟。
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