CN106386620A - Net cage anchoring foundation for providing large anchoring force and construction method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a net cage anchoring foundation for providing large anchoring force and a construction method thereof. The foundation comprises a barrel-shaped foundation body, a connection support and four umbrella-shaped pallets. A supporting base is arranged in the middle of the barrel top of the barrel-shaped foundation body, and a mooring hole is formed in the upper middle portion of the supporting base. A supporting base casing pipe is arranged in the center of the upper end face of the connection support. Four positioning columns are arranged on the outer side of the supporting base casing pipe. Sleeves are arranged in the centers of the bottoms of the umbrella-shaped pallets. During work, the supporting base casing pipe sleeve the supporting base on the barrel-shaped foundation body, and the mooring hole in the supporting base is fixed to one end of an anchor chain in a tying mode. The four positioning columns are sleeved with the umbrella-shaped pallets through the sleeves respectively. The barrel-shaped foundation body, the connection support and the four umbrella-shaped pallets form an anchoring foundation, the anchoring foundation sinks to the seabed of a preset sea area, gravel bags are put into openings of the umbrella-shaped pallets and press the umbrella-shaped pallets to form the net cage anchoring foundation, and mooring force is provided. The anchoring foundation is simple in structure, the four umbrella-shaped pallets and the barrel-shaped foundation body form the whole through the connection support, and large mooring force can be provided.

Description

Net cage anchor foundation and its construction method of larger anchor force are provided

Technical field：

The present invention relates to the anchor system of net cage for sea farming, more particularly, to a kind of net cage anchor providing larger anchor force Gu basis and its construction method.

Background technology：

About 16,000,000 hectares of oceanic area within China 20 m isobath, the oceanic area about 50,000,000 within 40 m isobaths Hectare, the development space of sea-farming is huge.But mariculture area of current China is concentrated mainly on shallow within 15 m isobaths In gulf, and more than the 20 m depth of waters marine site utilization rate still less than 1%, far below the water of the U.S., Japan and the developed country such as Norway Flat.Therefore, greatly develop the deep-water net cage culture of more than the 20 m depth of waters, be solve new way that China food supply ensures it One.

However, all suffering from the attack of several Super Typhoons, the seawater cage in typhoon track coverage China coast year Damage is serious, leads to seawater cage culture industry to be in the state of " living at the mercy of the elements " to a certain extent.

Anchor system is foundation in water for the mariculture net cage, plays the fixing, effect of mooring net cage system.Anchoring system System inefficacy in inclement weather can lead to net cage directly to be damaged.If the deep-water net cage culture industry in Hainan Province is at annual superpower In wind in succession the strike of going to wreck property, suffer heavy losses, the disaster-stricken deep water mesh cage of wherein most be because anchor foundation destroy and quilt Blow away damage.Although the cost of anchor foundation accounts for the proportion of whole net cage system total price less, lead to whole after its inefficacy Net cage system is annihilated, and has the important function controlling net cage Existence of Global Stable.

At present, domestic seawater cage anchoring foundation main will have three kinds of modes：Anchor, timber anchor and clump anchor.Wherein ferrum Anchor is referred from the anchoring method of ship, and anchor body uses cast member, and mooring forces are directly proportional to anchor body weight, will obtain enough anchorings Power need to increase investment, and the larger anchor of weight needs special workboat ability operation, and is difficult to be accurately positioned, and advantage is to be used for sea The complex marine site in bottom；Timber anchor price is relatively cheap, typically requires timber stake footpath to be more than 40 cm, embedded depth more than 4.5 M, anchor line are not more than 17 ° with horizontal sea bed angle, but it has construction quality and is difficult to ensure that and the timber corrosion-prone shortcoming of appearance, fits Together in the depth of water shallower and for silt substrate marine site；Clump anchor is moderate, and mooring forces are directly proportional to clump weight, cement Adsorption between pier bottom and sea bed is limited, is susceptible to the phenomena of drag of anchor under severe sea condition, is suitable for husky mud or sand The marine site of matter substrate.

Therefore, on the basis of absorbing existing all kinds of anchor foundation advantages it is necessary to development of Construction is easy, low cost, The big new anchor foundation form of mooring forces.

Content of the invention：

In order to make up the deficiency of prior art problem, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of net cage anchoring that larger anchor force is provided Basis and its construction method, its structure is simple, and flexible arrangement is provided that larger anchor force.

Technical scheme is as follows：

The net cage anchor foundation of larger anchor force is provided it is characterised in that include barrel base, one link support and four Individual umbrella pallet, is provided with bearing in the middle part of the bucket top of barrel base, bearing middle and upper part is provided with mooring hole；Described links pedestal upper end Face center is provided with bearing sleeve pipe, links pedestal upper end face and is additionally provided with four symmetrical two-by-two positioning centered on bearing sleeve pipe Post；Described umbrella pallet becomes umbrella by circumferential reinforcement with radial direction reinforcing bar uniform welding, and umbrella tray bottom center is provided with sleeve； During work, on the bearing on barrel base, fixation is tied with anchor chain one end in the mooring hole on bearing to bearing casing pipe sleeve, four umbrellas Shape pallet entangles in four locating dowels by sleeve respectively, barrel base, link support, four umbrella pallets constitute anchoring bases Plinth, anchor foundation sinks down into the sea bed of predetermined maritime area, throws in rubble bag towards in umbrella pallet mouth, and umbrella pallet structure pushed down by rubble bag Become net cage anchor foundation.

The net cage anchor foundation of the described larger anchor force of offer is it is characterised in that described barrel base is opened for bottom Mouth, the hollow cylindrical steel structure base of top seal, the Tong Ding center of barrel base is provided with bearing, and bearing middle and upper part is provided with and is Pool hole, barrel base side wall is provided with inlet/outlet valve at top.

The net cage anchor foundation of the larger anchor force of described offer is it is characterised in that every footpath of described umbrella pallet Constitute to reinforcing bar from the bottom margin bending that is inclined upwardly, every circumferential reinforcement is circular；Circumferential reinforcement is welded on radial direction steel The upside of muscle；Umbrella tray bottom center is provided with annular slab, and annular slab center is provided with sleeve upwards, and annular slab inside and outside wall is respectively Fix with sleeve outer wall, radial direction reinforcement welding.

The net cage anchor foundation of the described larger anchor force of offer is it is characterised in that described links in the overall edge of support Heart axial symmetry is distributed, and its main body is two orthogonal girder steels, links pedestal upper end face center and is provided with bearing sleeve pipe, two steel It is provided with the annular plate centered on bearing sleeve pipe between beam；It is provided with wing plate in each girder steel at two ends, wing plate and girder steel exist It is mutually perpendicular in horizontal plane, is provided with longitudinal register post in wing plate and girder steel point of intersection, locating dowel is hollow steel pipe, locating dowel top It is provided with construction hole.

The net cage anchor foundation of the described larger anchor force of offer is it is characterised in that described links circumferential rib on support In the same plane, and the internal diameter of annular plate and external diameter are all between the 1/2 ~ 3/4 of barrel base top board diameter for plate and girder steel Value.

The net cage anchor foundation of the larger anchor force of described offer is it is characterised in that the described bearing linking on support Casing inner diameter is more than barrel base upper bracket external diameter.

The net cage anchor foundation of the larger anchor force of described offer is it is characterised in that the described wing plate linking on support Length is not less than umbrella tray bottom diameter.

The net cage anchor foundation of the larger anchor force of described offer is it is characterised in that sleeve on described umbrella pallet Internal diameter is more than locating dowel external diameter.

The net cage anchor foundation of the larger anchor force of described offer it is characterised in that described rubble bag be fill block stone, The woven bag of rubble or gunny etc., and the minimum grain size size of filled block stone, rubble be more than umbrella pallet on circumferential reinforcement with Hole between radial direction reinforcing bar.

A kind of construction method of the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：

1）, barrel base injection sea bed：Entangle bearing on barrel base linking support based on bearing sleeve pipe, then anchor chain One end is tied, is fixed on the mooring hole of bearing, then four umbrella pallets is entangled respectively based on sleeve and links the four of support Individual locating dowel, and construction auxiliary iron wire is bound on the construction hole of locating dowel, then negative pressure is extracted barrel-shaped by inlet/outlet valve Basis is heavy to be passed through to projected depth；

2）, be thrown into rubble bag and push down umbrella pallet：Construction auxiliary iron wire is stretched and is in vertical line states, along construction auxiliary ferrum The position that silk guides uniformly is thrown into enough rubble bags to construction auxiliary iron wire surrounding, so that rubble bag is equably fallen in four umbrellas In pallet, push down umbrella pallet；

3）, anchor foundation attitude check：Check the sinking attitude of umbrella pallet, if find umbrella pallet run-off the straight, should be past Acclivitous side is thrown into certain rubble bag again, makes umbrella pallet be in horizontality as far as possible；Confirm enough rubbles When bag falls in umbrella pallet and umbrella pallet can undertake set mooring forces, that is, complete the construction operation of net cage anchor foundation.

The present invention compared with prior art, has the advantage that：

1st, barrel base of the present invention sinks and passes through to projected depth, and it can bear larger horizontal loading；There is the umbrella of enough ballasts Shape pallet can bear larger vertical load.By barrel base with have after the umbrella tray combination of ballast, can give full play to each From advantage, the wind wave action of horizontal loading and vertical load random combine can be resisted；

2nd, the present invention carried umbrella support holder structure is simple, and weight is relatively small, and umbrella pallet is mainly by circumferential reinforcement and radial direction steel Muscle is welded, and can make the net form umbrella of different area according to different mooring forces demands, can catch that quantity is more, cumulative weight Larger rubble bag；

3rd, the ballast of the present invention carried umbrella pallet derives from rubble bag, and rubble packed enter the block stone of certain particle diameter and rubble, Its draw materials conveniently, with low cost.

Brief description

Fig. 1 is the umbrella pallet top view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the umbrella pallet upward view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is the barrel base structural representation of the present invention.

Fig. 4 links support schematic diagram for the present invention's.

Fig. 5 be the present invention barrel base with link bracket assembled schematic diagram.

Fig. 6 is the top perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is the face upwarding stereogram of the present invention.

The use state figure that Fig. 8 is connected with net cage for the present invention.

Description of reference numerals：

1st, circumferential reinforcement；2nd, radial direction reinforcing bar；3rd, sleeve；4th, annular slab；5th, barrel base；6th, bearing；7th, mooring hole；8th, Inlet and outlet water Valve；9th, link support；10th, wing plate；11st, annular plate；12nd, bearing sleeve pipe；13rd, locating dowel；14th, construction hole；15th, rubble bag； 16th, anchor chain；17th, net cage.

Specific embodiment：

Referring to accompanying drawing：

Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of provide larger anchor force net cage anchor foundation, including a barrel base 5, One links support 9 and four umbrella pallets, is provided with bearing 6, links and set at support 9 axis of symmetry in the middle part of the bucket top of barrel base 5 There is bearing sleeve pipe 12, link and near two girder steel two ends of support 9, be provided with wing plate 10 and locating dowel 13；Umbrella pallet is by ring steel Muscle 1 and radial direction reinforcing bar 2 uniform welding form, entirety is axisymmetricly distributed, and are provided with sleeve 3 at umbrella pallet axis of symmetry；Linking Support 9 entangles the bearing 6 of barrel base 5 based on bearing sleeve pipe 12, then one end of anchor chain 16 is tied, be fixed on bearing 6 be On pool hole 7, then four umbrella pallets are entangled four locating dowels 13 linking support 9 respectively based on sleeve 3, and in locating dowel Construction auxiliary iron wire is bound on 13 construction hole 14, then barrel base 5 suction penetration to projected depth, auxiliary further along constructing Help the position that iron wire guides to be thrown into enough rubble bags 15 to construction auxiliary iron wire surrounding, make rubble bag 15 push down four umbrellas Pallet, thus form net cage anchor foundation.

Barrel base 5 is bottom opening, the hollow cylindrical steel structure base of top seal, in the bucket top of barrel base 5 Portion is provided with bearing 6, and the middle and upper part of bearing 6 is provided with mooring hole 7, and the near top side of barrel base 5 is provided with inlet/outlet valve 8；Logical Cross inlet/outlet valve 8 and extract negative pressure, barrel base 5 injection sea bed in the presence of negative pressure and deadweight can be made；Inlet/outlet valve 8 is arranged In bucket base side, it is in order that the support 9 that links on bucket top is touched less than inlet/outlet valve 8, in order to avoid causing the damage of inlet/outlet valve 8.

Umbrella pallet is integrally axisymmetricly distributed, and is formed with radial direction reinforcing bar 2 uniform welding by circumferential reinforcement 1, and profile is similar to In umbrella；Circumferential reinforcement 1 is rounded, and the shape of radial direction reinforcing bar 2 is followed successively by level and upper curved inclination.Circumferential reinforcement 1 is welded on footpath Top to reinforcing bar 2；After circumferential reinforcement 1 and radial direction reinforcing bar 2 uniform welding, form netted hole；Block stone, rubble in rubble bag 15 Grain size be more than the size of this netted hole, umbrella pallet can effectively catch block stone, rubble, form stable effectively joining Weight.

It is provided with the sleeve 3 of hollow, sleeve 3 bottom is provided with base circle plate 4 at umbrella pallet axis of symmetry；Base circle plate 4 Weld together with sleeve 3, radial direction reinforcing bar 2；The internal diameter of sleeve 3 is more than the external diameter of locating dowel 13.

The net form umbrella of different area can be made according to different mooring forces demands, that is, the area of umbrella pallet is bigger, its energy The quantity catching rubble bag is more, cumulative weight is larger, and the mooring forces that it is provided that are bigger.

Link support 9 entirety along distribution substantially symmetrical about its central axis, its main body is two orthogonal girder steels, the symmetrical axle position in middle part The place of putting is provided with bearing sleeve pipe 12, is provided with annular plate 11 with bearing sleeve pipe 12 for axis of symmetry between two girder steels；Annular plate 11 With girder steel in the same plane, and the internal diameter of annular plate 11 and external diameter are all between the 1/2 ~ 3/4 of barrel base 5 top board diameter Value；The effect of annular plate 11 is to make to link the contact having larger area between support 9 and barrel base 5 top board, it is to avoid even It is support 9 run-off the straight and distortion, favourable to the stability in the large of anchor foundation.

It is provided with wing plate 10 linking, wing plate 10 and girder steel are mutually perpendicular in the horizontal plane near each girder steel two ends of support 9, Wing plate 10 and girder steel point of intersection are provided with longitudinally perpendicular locating dowel 13, and the top of locating dowel 13 is provided with construction hole 14.

Barrel base 5, umbrella pallet are steel or ferrous material with each part linking support 9, and each part passes through weldering It is connected into entirety in succession；Barrel base 5, umbrella pallet and the intensity linking each part of support 9 and entirety, should be able to undertake all kinds of operating modes Mooring forces that Lower chains pass over and without flexing and inefficacy.

Rubble bag 15 is to fill block stone, the woven bag of rubble or gunny etc., and the minimum grain size chi of filled block stone, rubble Hole between circumferential reinforcement 1 and radial direction reinforcing bar 2 on the very little pallet more than umbrella；Rubble bag 15 weaves after sinking to marine a period of time Bag or gunny meeting burn into are aging and broken, and final block stone, rubble can freely be scattered and come；As long as the particle diameter chi of block stone, rubble Very little sufficiently large, it does not spill hole between circumferential reinforcement 1 and radial direction reinforcing bar 2, and the stability of umbrella pallet would not be subject to To impact.

Circumferential reinforcement 1 or radial direction reinforcing bar 2 on umbrella pallet, if occur certain under the differential pressure effect of rubble bag 15 Deformation, it does not typically interfere with the normal performance of anchor foundation mooring forces.

Umbrella pallet is in integrally flat axial symmetry umbrella, and its center of gravity is relatively low, and resistance to capsizing is stronger.Umbrella pallet surrounding Certain angle that is inclined upwardly so that the block stone in rubble bag 15, rubble not readily disengage under action of ocean current, umbrella of escaping support Disk body；Preferably, the acclivitous angle of umbrella pallet surrounding（Angle with horizontal plane）Between 10 ~ 30.

A kind of construction method of the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force, is described in detail as follows：

1）, barrel base injection sea bed

Entangle bearing 6 on barrel base 5 based on bearing sleeve pipe 12 linking support 9, then one end of anchor chain 16 is tied, fixing On the mooring hole 7 of bearing 6, then four umbrella pallets are entangled four locating dowels linking support 9 respectively based on sleeve 3 13, and construction auxiliary iron wire is bound on the construction hole 14 of locating dowel 13, then negative pressure is extracted barrel-shaped base by inlet/outlet valve 8 Plinth 5 sinks and passes through to projected depth.

The heavy of barrel base 5 passes through the distance for drum head to bucket top for the depth；Be simultaneously based on anchor chain 16, construction auxiliary iron wire with auxiliary Help rod member barrel base 5 and link support 9 vertical stand on predetermined sea bed, by extract negative pressure so that barrel base 5 is gradually passed through Enter sea bed；If barrel base 5 sinks during passing through, and the less inclination of amplitude occurs, it normally wields influence relatively to anchorage effect Little.

2）, be thrown into rubble bag and push down umbrella pallet

Construction auxiliary iron wire is stretched and is in vertical line states, assist the position of iron wire guide to construction auxiliary iron wire along construction Surrounding is uniformly thrown into enough rubble bags 15, so that rubble bag 15 is equably fallen in four umbrella pallets, push down umbrella pallet.

In construction, water scope should be entered according to what the diameter of umbrella pallet delimited rubble bag 15.Rubble bag 15 enter water scope, Should be slightly less than centered on vertical line states construction auxiliary iron wire, the circular scope as radius for the umbrella pallet；And rubble bag 15 sinks Put forward sequence, symmetrically, equably should be thrown in centered on the construction auxiliary iron wire of vertical line states, to avoid umbrella pallet in inequality Run-off the straight under even load action；Rubble bag 15 more reasonably stacks shape on umbrella pallet：With applying of vertical line states Symmetry distribution centered on work auxiliary iron wire, middle part is slightly higher, and surrounding is lower slightly, and Mass Distribution is uniform.

3）, anchor foundation attitude check

Check the sinking attitude of umbrella pallet, if find umbrella pallet run-off the straight, should be thrown into again toward acclivitous side Certain rubble bag 15, makes umbrella pallet be in horizontality as far as possible；Confirm that enough rubble bags 15 fall in umbrella pallet And umbrella pallet is when can undertake set mooring forces, that is, complete the construction operation of net cage anchor foundation.

Net cage relies primarily on anchor foundation and provides mooring forces, and the deformation to anchor foundation has no special requirements, if rubble bag 15 ballasts make umbrella pallet that the less inclination of amplitude to occur, and it is less to normally wielding influence of anchorage effect；Due to early stage anchor Chain 16 is connected with mooring hole 7, therefore is not required to send diver to carry out mooring operation under water again.

Barrel base of the present invention can bear larger horizontal loading, have enough ballasts umbrella pallet can bear larger Vertical load, barrel base with have after the umbrella tray combination of ballast, give full play to respective advantage, net cage can be enable to hold By larger random seas load；Umbrella support holder structure is simple, and weight is relatively small, and its ballast derives from rubble bag, and rubble Packed enter block stone and rubble, its draw materials conveniently, with low cost；Integral rigidity is big, resistance to plucking and resistance to capsizing are strong, is provided that relatively Big mooring forces.

The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific embodiment, according to the above, according to the ordinary technical knowledge of this area And customary means, under the premise of without departing from the present invention above-mentioned basic fundamental thought, the present invention can also make other various ways Equivalent modifications, replacement or change, be within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of net cage anchor foundation that larger anchor force is provided it is characterised in that include barrel base, one link Frame and four umbrella pallets, are provided with bearing in the middle part of the bucket top of barrel base, bearing middle and upper part is provided with mooring hole；Described linking is propped up Frame upper surface center is provided with bearing sleeve pipe, link pedestal upper end face be additionally provided with four symmetrical two-by-two centered on bearing sleeve pipe Locating dowel；Described umbrella pallet becomes umbrella by circumferential reinforcement with radial direction reinforcing bar uniform welding, and umbrella tray bottom center sets There is sleeve；During work, bearing casing pipe sleeve on the bearing on barrel base, tied admittedly with anchor chain one end by the mooring hole on bearing Fixed, four umbrella pallets entangle in four locating dowels by sleeve respectively, barrel base, link support, four umbrella pallet structures Become anchor foundation, anchor foundation sinks down into the sea bed of predetermined maritime area, throw in rubble bag towards in umbrella pallet mouth, umbrella pushed down by rubble bag Shape pallet constitutes net cage anchor foundation.

2. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described barrel-shaped base Plinth is bottom opening, the hollow cylindrical steel structure base of top seal, and the Tong Ding center of barrel base is provided with bearing, in bearing Top is provided with mooring hole, and barrel base side wall is provided with inlet/outlet valve at top.

3. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described umbrella support Every radial direction reinforcing bar of disk is constituted from the bottom margin bending that is inclined upwardly, and every circumferential reinforcement is circular；Circumferential reinforcement welds It is connected on the upside of radial direction reinforcing bar；Umbrella tray bottom center is provided with annular slab, and annular slab center is provided with sleeve upwards, annular slab Inside and outside wall is fixed with sleeve outer wall, radial direction reinforcement welding respectively.

4. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described linking is propped up Along distribution substantially symmetrical about its central axis, its main body is two orthogonal girder steels to frame entirety, links pedestal upper end face center and is provided with bearing Sleeve pipe, is provided with the annular plate centered on bearing sleeve pipe between two girder steels；It is provided with wing plate, the wing in each girder steel at two ends Plate is mutually perpendicular in the horizontal plane with girder steel, is provided with longitudinal register post in wing plate and girder steel point of intersection, and locating dowel is hollow steel pipe, Locating dowel top is provided with construction hole.

5. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described linking is propped up On frame annular plate and girder steel in the same plane, and the internal diameter of annular plate with external diameter all the 1/ of barrel base top board diameter Value between 2 ~ 3/4.

6. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described linking is propped up Bearing casing inner diameter on frame is more than barrel base upper bracket external diameter.

7. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described linking is propped up Wing plate length on frame is not less than umbrella tray bottom diameter.

8. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described umbrella support Sleeve diameter on disk is more than locating dowel external diameter.

9. the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described rubble bag For filling block stone, the woven bag of rubble or gunny etc., and the minimum grain size size of filled block stone, rubble is more than on umbrella pallet Hole between circumferential reinforcement and radial direction reinforcing bar.

10. a kind of construction method of the net cage anchor foundation providing larger anchor force is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：

1）, barrel base injection sea bed：Entangle bearing on barrel base linking support based on bearing sleeve pipe, then anchor chain One end is tied, is fixed on the mooring hole of bearing, then four umbrella pallets is entangled respectively based on sleeve and links the four of support Individual locating dowel, and construction auxiliary iron wire is bound on the construction hole of locating dowel, then negative pressure is extracted barrel-shaped by inlet/outlet valve Basis is heavy to be passed through to projected depth；

2）, be thrown into rubble bag and push down umbrella pallet：Construction auxiliary iron wire is stretched and is in vertical line states, along construction auxiliary ferrum The position that silk guides uniformly is thrown into enough rubble bags to construction auxiliary iron wire surrounding, so that rubble bag is equably fallen in four umbrellas In pallet, push down umbrella pallet；

3）, anchor foundation attitude check：Check the sinking attitude of umbrella pallet, if find umbrella pallet run-off the straight, should be past Acclivitous side is thrown into certain rubble bag again, makes umbrella pallet be in horizontality as far as possible；Confirm enough rubbles When bag falls in umbrella pallet and umbrella pallet can undertake set mooring forces, that is, complete the construction operation of net cage anchor foundation.