CN106386590B - A kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model - Google Patents
A kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model Download PDFInfo
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- CN106386590B CN106386590B CN201610276358.6A CN201610276358A CN106386590B CN 106386590 B CN106386590 B CN 106386590B CN 201610276358 A CN201610276358 A CN 201610276358A CN 106386590 B CN106386590 B CN 106386590B
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- QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gossypol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(O)C(O)=C(C=O)C2=C(O)C(C=3C(O)=C4C(C=O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C4=CC=3C)C(C)C)=C(C)C=C21 QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thespesin Natural products CC(C)c1c(O)c(O)c2C(O)Oc3c(c(C)cc1c23)-c1c2OC(O)c3c(O)c(O)c(C(C)C)c(cc1C)c23 QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229930000755 gossypol Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229950005277 gossypol Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 206010009887 colitis Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940001941 soy protein Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 208000004232 Enteritis Diseases 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007119 pathological manifestation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000000981 epithelium Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 description 5
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000001842 enterocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 230000002477 vacuolizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000010824 fish disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000607528 Aeromonas hydrophila Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 206010020565 Hyperaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002490 intestinal epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000003750 lower gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003950 pathogenic mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2207/00—Modified animals
- A01K2207/20—Animals treated with compounds which are neither proteins nor nucleic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/40—Fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/035—Animal model for multifactorial diseases
- A01K2267/0368—Animal model for inflammation
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model, comprising the following steps: selects normally to cultivate fish as the object for establishing colitis model；Taking gossypol content is the experiment feed of 250mg/kg, feeds above-mentioned cultivation fish, obtains the fish colitis model of gossypol induction.The present invention production performance of fish, enteron aisle growth and development, immunocompetence and meat quality are influenced using the method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model it is minimum, but caused enteritis pathological manifestations be it is most suitable, model stability is reliable, favorable reproducibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for building up of animal model, and in particular to a kind of foundation side of gossypol induction fish colitis model
Method.
Background technique
Cotton dregs are the flour cakes that cottonseed obtains after squeezing, isolate most of Residual oil of the inside using extract technology
Come, obtained micro- red or yellow the granular article of one kind, it is the primary raw material for fabricating feed, the crude protein contained
It is equally matched with the gross protein value of dregs of beans up to 40%, or even up to 44%；The price of cotton dregs is cheap compared with dregs of beans simultaneously, comes
Source is extensive, and the cotton dregs yield in China is high, and annual output is 12,000,000 tons or more.Therefore, because the special physiological feature of fish, so that
Cotton dregs become the important high-quality cheap protein feed source of fish feed.And the gossypol contained in cotton dregs is to cultured fishes animal
Nocuousness seriously limits it and uses in fish feed.But gossypol to fish generate illeffects mechanism study at present it is non-
Often few, which toxic action unclear its has to fish.
Enteritis is cultured fishes, such as grass carp, one of most common disease.The lethality of fish enteritis is usually 50%, sometimes very
Up to 90%, it is to endanger cultured freshwater fish disease the most serious.This disease causes cultured fishes to be up to several hundred million RMB every year
Catastrophic loss.
According to the physilogical characteristics of cultured fishes, establish stable fish colitis model, be fish enteritis pathomechanism research and
The drug/of fish enteritis or the good tool of nutrition prescription screening are alleviated in novel prevention and treatment/.And how to establish and stablize suitable fish intestines
Scorching model is current urgent problem.In many cases, according to the fish colitis model for being not suitable for method foundation, it is easy
Cause fish enteritis to become excessively serious and then cause fish dead, the death rate is excessively high, and fish colitis model is unstable, makes fish enteritis mould
Type application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model, so that the fish enteritis established
Model stability, caused enteritis pathological manifestations be it is most suitable, both will not excessively slightly will not be excessively serious.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model, comprising the following steps:
Select normally to cultivate fish as the object for establishing colitis model；
Taking gossypol content is the experiment feed of 250mg/kg, feeds above-mentioned cultivation fish, obtains the fish enteritis mould of gossypol induction
Type.
It can be obtained within 60 days fish enteritis reason present invention only requires feeding and show suitable fish colitis model, and the fish obtained
Production performance, immunocompetence and the meat quality of colitis model are declined slightly, the growth without seriously hindering fish.
The present invention passes through research discovery: when gossypol content is lower than 250mg/kg, the production performance of fish, enteron aisle growth hair
Educate, the fall of immunocompetence and meat quality it is smaller, but the performance of fish enteritis reason is also excessively slight；When gossypol content height
When 250mg/kg, production performance, enteron aisle growth and development, immunocompetence and the meat quality of fish have significant decline, and
Fish enteritis reason performance is excessively serious, and vacuolation very serious occurs in gut epithelium, and the enterocyte on pleat top falls off very
Seriously, the structure and function of enteric epithelium has been badly damaged, and causes the raising of fish disease incidence or even fish dead；When gossypol content is
When 250mg/kg, gut epithelium is caused apparent vacuole occur, the enterocyte on pleat top falls off obviously, fish enteritis reason performance
It is most suitable, and its production performance, enteron aisle growth and development, immunocompetence and meat quality fall are smaller.
A kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model, comprising the following steps:
Weight is selected to cultivate fish as the object for establishing colitis model for the growth medium of 230-727g；
It is fish meal, soy protein concentrate, rice protein powder, cornstarch and alphalise starch that gossypol, which is mixed in main component,
In feed, it is configured to the experiment feed that gossypol content is 250mg/kg；
The amount that above-mentioned experiment feed presses 3wt% fish body weight daily is fed 60 days, the fish colitis model of gossypol induction is obtained.
Wherein, experiment feed obtained is placed in 4 DEG C of temperature and saves backup after pelletizing.
Wherein, the cultivation fish includes but is not limited to grass carp.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages and benefits: the present invention induces fish intestines using gossypol
The method for building up of scorching model influences minimum to the production performance of fish, enteron aisle growth and development, immunocompetence and meat quality, but draws
Rise enteritis pathological manifestations be it is most suitable, model stability is reliable, favorable reproducibility.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing described herein is used to provide to further understand the embodiment of the present invention, constitutes one of the application
Point, do not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is that the experiment fish enteron aisle application histotomy of the embodiment of the present invention 1 checks the microphoto of gut epithelium form,
Gossypol content is 0 mg/kg in the experiment feed of feeding；
Fig. 2 is that the experiment fish enteron aisle application histotomy of the embodiment of the present invention 2 checks the microphoto of gut epithelium form,
Gossypol content is 125 mg/kg in the experiment feed of feeding；
Fig. 3 is that the experiment fish enteron aisle application histotomy of the embodiment of the present invention 3 checks the microphoto of gut epithelium form,
Gossypol content is 250 mg/kg in the experiment feed of feeding；
Fig. 4 is that the experiment fish enteron aisle application histotomy of the embodiment of the present invention 4 checks the microphoto of gut epithelium form,
Gossypol content is 375 mg/kg in the experiment feed of feeding；
Fig. 5 is that the experiment fish enteron aisle application histotomy of the embodiment of the present invention 5 checks the microphoto of gut epithelium form,
Gossypol content is 775 mg/kg in the experiment feed of feeding；
Fig. 6 is that the experiment fish enteron aisle application histotomy of the embodiment of the present invention 6 checks the microphoto of gut epithelium form,
Gossypol content is 1175 mg/kg in the experiment feed of feeding.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below with reference to embodiment and attached drawing, to this
Invention is described in further detail, and exemplary embodiment of the invention and its explanation for explaining only the invention, are not made
For limitation of the invention.
A kind of embodiment l-6: method for building up of the fish colitis model of gossypol induction, comprising the following steps:
1, according to a conventional method using 540 tail of growth medium grass carp of 230-727g as the object for establishing colitis model, at random
It is divided into 6 processing groups, every group 3 repetition, each 30 tail fish of repetition.
2, the experiment feed containing gossypol is prepared
It is fish meal, soy protein concentrate, rice protein powder, cornstarch and α-shallow lake that gossypol is uniformly mixed in main component
In the feed of powder, it is configured to the experiment feed that gossypol content is 0,125,250,375,775 and 1175mg/kg respectively, granulation is set
It is saved backup in 4 DEG C of refrigerators；
3, the foundation of model
The grass carp that step 1 is selected is raised in 1 cubic metre of net cage, feeds respectively by the amount of 3wt% fish body weight daily
Experiment feed 60 days prepared by step 2 are stated, the fish colitis model of gossypol induction is obtained.
The fish colitis model product test that above-described embodiment l-6 is obtained is as follows:
Gossypol induction fish colitis model measurement production performance, enteron aisle growth and development and the muscle that 4.1 couples of embodiment l-6 are obtained
Quality, and result is recorded in the following table 1.
Table 1
Note: in upper table 1, FE is feed efficiency, can reflect the utilization efficiency of feed；SGR is specific rate, can be reflected
The speed of growth of fish；ISI and ILI is respectively intestines body ratio and index of the intestines length, can reflect the growth and development of enteron aisle；Shearing force and pH
It can reflect the quality of muscle；Subscript a, b, c, d, e are characterized between each group of data using the labelled notation of Multiple range test
The significance of difference, the labelled notation of the Multiple range test are whether those skilled in the art commonly mark between each data and have
The method of significant difference.
As can be seen that the production performance of fish is remarkably decreased, intestines after gossypol content is greater than 250mg/kg from upper table 1
Road growth and development is seriously obstructed, and meat quality is decreased obviously.When gossypol content is less than or equal to 250mg/kg, the production of fish
Performance, enteron aisle growth and development and meat quality are declined slightly, but are influenced smaller.
The gossypol induction fish colitis model that 4.2 couples of embodiment l-6 are obtained is by the way of being injected intraperitoneally Aeromonas hydrophila
It carries out attacking poison, fish enteron aisle, spleen and head-kidney be immune and germ resistivity to detect, shown in result table 2 specific as follows.
Table 2
Note: in upper table 2, subscript a, b, c, d, e are characterized between each group of data using the labelled notation of Multiple range test
The significance of difference.
From upper table 2 as can be seen that after gossypol content is greater than 250mg/kg, enteron aisle, spleen and the head-kidney of fish are immune
It is remarkably decreased with germ resistivity, the red and swollen congested incidence of anterior intestine, middle intestines and hindgut significantly increases, and spleen and head-kidney hyperemia are swollen
Big disease incidence also dramatically increases.And when gossypol content is less than or equal to 250mg/kg, enteron aisle, spleen and the head-kidney of fish are immune
It is declined slightly with germ resistivity.
The gossypol induction fish colitis model enteron aisle application histotomy that 4.3 couples of embodiment l-6 are obtained checks gut epithelium
Metamorphosis, result is as shown in figures 1 to 6.As it can be seen that as shown in Figure 1, when gossypol content be 0 mg/kg when, gut epithelium form
Structure is normal；As shown in Fig. 2, intestinal epithelial cell occurs slight when gossypol content is greater than 0 mg/kg and is less than 250mg/kg
Vacuolation, the appearance of pleat two sides epithelial cell slightly fall off, and part pleat top becomes flat-top, and fish enteritis reason performance is excessively light
It is micro-；As shown in figure 3, there is apparent vacuole and increases in gut epithelium, and the intestines on pleat top are thin when gossypol content is 250mg/kg
Born of the same parents fall off obviously, and fish enteritis reason performance is most suitable；As Figure 4-Figure 6, after gossypol content is greater than 250mg/kg, enteron aisle
There is vacuolation very serious in epithelium, and the enterocyte on pleat top falls off very seriously, and the structure and function of enteric epithelium is tight
It is damaged again, fish enteritis reason performance is excessively serious, causes disease incidence significantly to increase, or even fish death occur.
To sum up, the present invention induces the method for building up of fish colitis model to the productivity of fish using the gossypol of 250mg/kg
Energy, enteron aisle growth and development, immunocompetence and meat quality influence minimum, but caused enteritis pathological manifestations are most suitable, moulds
Type is reliable and stable, favorable reproducibility.And method of the present invention can be widely used in various cultivation fishes, including but not limited in fact
Apply grass carp cited by example.
Above-described specific embodiment has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It is described in detail, it should be understood that being not intended to limit the present invention the foregoing is merely a specific embodiment of the invention
Protection scope, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model, which comprises the following steps:
Weight is selected to cultivate fish as the object for establishing colitis model for the growth medium of 230-727g, the cultivation fish is grass
Fish；
Gossypol is mixed in the feed that main component is fish meal, soy protein concentrate, rice protein powder, cornstarch and alphalise starch
In, it is configured to the experiment feed that gossypol content is 250mg/kg；
The amount that above-mentioned experiment feed presses 3wt% fish body weight daily is fed 60 days, the fish colitis model of gossypol induction is obtained.
2. the method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model according to claim 1, which is characterized in that experiment obtained is raised
Material is placed in 4 DEG C of temperature and saves backup after pelletizing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610276358.6A CN106386590B (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | A kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model |
| FR1753666A FR3050614B1 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2017-04-27 | METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING A MODEL OF FISH ENTERITIS INDUCED BY GOSSYPOL. |
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| CN201610276358.6A CN106386590B (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2016-04-29 | A kind of method for building up of gossypol induction fish colitis model |
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| CN110447787B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2022-07-08 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Application of galanthamine in preventing and treating fish enteritis caused by bean pulp feed |
| CN113040070A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-06-29 | 苏州大学 | Method for establishing grass carp intestinal flora imbalance model |
| CN116369249B (en) * | 2023-01-13 | 2024-05-17 | 四川轻化工大学 | Construction method of zebra fish enteritis model |
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| CN102232963A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-09 | 郑萍 | Method for establishing ulcerative colitis chemically cancer-induced animal model |
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| CN102232963A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-11-09 | 郑萍 | Method for establishing ulcerative colitis chemically cancer-induced animal model |
| EP2880989A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-06-10 | Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. | Foodstuff for cultured fish and method for promoting growth of cultured fish using same |
| CN102813671A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2012-12-12 | 辉源生物科技（上海）有限公司 | Method for building dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced enteritis mouse model |
| CN103301162A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-09-18 | 苏州大学 | Method for establishing fish inflammatory bowel disease model and established model thereof |
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| 黄颡鱼和中华绒螯蟹胃肠道形态和功能对投饲的响应;宋霖;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 农业科技辑》;20131115(第11期);D052-18 |
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| CN106386590A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| FR3050614A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 |
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