CN106382913A - Hand-held electronic tree measuring instrument - Google Patents

Hand-held electronic tree measuring instrument Download PDF

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CN106382913A
CN106382913A CN201510441482.9A CN201510441482A CN106382913A CN 106382913 A CN106382913 A CN 106382913A CN 201510441482 A CN201510441482 A CN 201510441482A CN 106382913 A CN106382913 A CN 106382913A
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tree
height
measurement
angle gauge
stand
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潘远明
李昀
赵天忠
刘羽
陈名腾
邢浩
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明是一种手持式电子测树仪。它涉及了林学中的森林计测学、电子科学与技术、计算机科学与技术等多个学科,是多学科交叉研究的产物。该装置将MCU、SD存贮卡、LCD显示屏、锂电池及倾角传感器等电子元器件根据林木测高、角规检尺功能的要求进行设计并定制PCB形成装置电子硬件部分,配合定长连接缆线、角规片、辅助标尺,实现了林分调查中的树高、林木断面积等调查数据数字化采集及自动计算;实现三种测高算法与原有角规的林分断面积计数功能集成融合并将这些算法作为固件写入本装置的MCU片内存贮器;装置实现了测高及角规检尺数据的数字化存储。本发明主要用于农林业活立木蓄积调查,利用该装置进行活立木高度、林分平均断面积数的计测,并自动计算林分单位蓄积,通过配套的上位机软件将野外采集数据读取出来供内业处理使用。

The invention is a hand-held electronic dendrometer. It involves many disciplines such as forest measurement, electronic science and technology, computer science and technology in forestry, and is the product of multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research. The device designs electronic components such as MCU, SD memory card, LCD display, lithium battery and inclination sensor according to the requirements of tree height measurement and angle gauge detection function, and customizes the PCB to form the electronic hardware part of the device, and cooperates with the fixed-length connection Cables, angle gauges, and auxiliary scales realize the digital collection and automatic calculation of survey data such as tree height and tree sectional area in stand surveys; realize the integration of three altimetry algorithms and the stand sectional area counting function of the original angle gauge These algorithms are fused and written into the device's MCU on-chip memory as firmware; the device realizes the digital storage of height measurement and angle gauge measurement data. The present invention is mainly used for the investigation of the stock of standing trees in agriculture and forestry. The device is used to measure the height of standing trees and the average cross-sectional area of stands, and automatically calculates the stock of stand units, and reads the data collected in the field through the matching upper computer software. Comes out for office processing.

Description

一种手持式电子测树仪 A handheld electronic dendrometer

技术领域 technical field

本发明是应用于农林业野外活立木调查中测量活立木树高、检尺的一种电子计测装置,该装置采用不同的测高算法测量目标林分中所选样木的高度;实现角规样地调查中的绕测自动计数;并通过预先设置的树种形数,采用树高形数法自动计算所调查的林分单位面积活立木蓄积量;装置具有测量数据存储功能,可将外业调查数据存贮于该设备的存贮器上,通过上位机软件在图形化界面中进行野外调查数据查询、导出、以及设备参数的设置。该装置集成了测高、断面积计数、角规检尺时林分蓄积量计算、计测数据存贮的等多个功能的便携式野外调查设备。本装置涉及了林学中的森林计测学、电子信息科学与技术、计算机科学与技术等多个学科,是多学科交叉研究的产物。 The present invention is an electronic measurement device for measuring the height of standing trees and measuring rulers in the investigation of standing trees in the field of agriculture and forestry. The automatic counting of the surrounding survey in the survey of the standard land; and through the pre-set tree species shape number, the tree height shape number method is used to automatically calculate the standing tree volume per unit area of the surveyed forest stand; the device has a measurement data storage function, and the external The field survey data is stored in the memory of the device, and the field survey data query, export, and device parameter setting are performed in the graphical interface through the host computer software. The device is a portable field investigation device that integrates multiple functions such as height measurement, sectional area counting, stand volume calculation when angle gauge is checked, and measurement data storage. This device involves many disciplines such as forest measurement, electronic information science and technology, computer science and technology in forestry, and is the product of multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research.

背景技术 Background technique

当前农林业野外调查时,林分高、林分断面数分别由测高器、普通角规两种计测设备来分别完成计测。 During the current field investigation of agriculture and forestry, the stand height and the number of stand sections are respectively measured by two measuring devices, the altimeter and the common angle gauge.

一、 角规 1. Angle gauge

角规是1947年由奥地利林学家毕特利希发明的一种测树工具。用角规测定林分单位面积的胸高断面积总和时,无需进行面积测定的每木检尺,打破了在一定面积的标准地上测算林分断面积和林分蓄积的传统方法。 The angle gauge is a tree measuring tool invented by the Austrian forester Bittlich in 1947. When the angle gauge is used to measure the sum of the chest height basal area per unit area of a stand, there is no need to measure the area per tree, which breaks the traditional method of measuring the stand basal area and stand volume on a standard land with a certain area.

1. 角规测树原理 1. Angular gauge tree principle

1.1多重同心圆原理 1.1 The principle of multiple concentric circles

这种原理是以测点为中心,对每株树作一个圆形样地(样圆)。样圆的面积取决于林木胸径D的大小,因此样地的面积是可变地,故称不等概抽样。 This principle takes the measuring point as the center, and makes a circular plot (sample circle) for each tree. The area of the sample circle depends on the diameter D of the tree, so the area of the sample plot is variable, so it is called unequal sampling.

1)假设林内所有林木的胸径相等为Dj,如图1设P2为临界树(相切),则用角规绕测时,形成以Rj为半径,O为中心的假想扩大圆。令角规尺长(有时为绳子)为L,缺口宽为l,则: 1) Assuming that the DBH of all trees in the forest is equal to D j , as shown in Figure 1, P 2 is the critical tree (tangent), and when measuring with an angle compass, an imaginary enlarged circle with R j as the radius and O as the center is formed. Let the length of the square ruler (sometimes a rope) be L, and the width of the gap be l, then:

样圆面积SjSample circle area S j :

2)若假想圆样地内共有Zj株树时,即角规绕测计数为Zj ,则样圆内的树木断面积为gj2) If there are Z j trees in the imaginary circular sample plot, that is, the count of the corner gauge is Z j , then the cross-sectional area of the trees in the sample circle is g j :

3)将样圆面积换算为1公顷时,林木每公顷断面积Gj可表示为: 3) When the sample circle area is converted to 1 hectare, the cross-sectional area G j of forest trees per hectare can be expressed as:

令: make:

则: but:

4)在实际林分中,树木的直径并非相等,且有粗细、远近之分。如图2设林分中共有m个直径组Dj(j=1,2,3……m),按上述原理,用角规绕测时,实际上对每组直径Dj均形成一个以O为中心,以Rj为半径的m个假想样圆,从而形成m多重重叠的同心圆。凡落在相应同心圆内的则计数为1或0.5,反之不计数。显然林分的总断面积为: 4) In the actual forest stand, the diameters of trees are not equal, and there are differences in thickness and distance. As shown in Figure 2, there are m diameter groups D j (j=1, 2, 3...m) in the forest stand. According to the above principle, when measuring with a square gauge, in fact, each group of diameters D j will form a O as the center, m imaginary circles with R j as the radius, thus forming m multiple overlapping concentric circles. Those falling within the corresponding concentric circles are counted as 1 or 0.5, otherwise they are not counted. Obviously the total basal area of the stand is:

1.2扩大园原理 1.2 Expanding the principle of the garden

格罗森堡(Grosenbaugh L.R.,1952)以概率论为基础,从抽样的角度进一步阐明了角规样地的特点:一个林分中的林木可以将其横断面积大小按比例绘成圆面积图,如把方格网纸覆盖在此图上,按方格网点求面积的原理,数出落在树干断面积里的点数,即可求出断面积的估计值。由于树干横断面积总和与林地面积相比,数值相对很小,用这种方法估计树干总断面积将需要充分多的点,因此,可把树干断面积乘以一定常数,扩大成一定倍数,围绕树干中心点绘出较大的扩大圆以表示树干横断面积,令此扩大圆的半径与特定断面积系数的极限距离相对应。此时,样点落入扩大圆的概率就与树干断面积的大小成比例。扩大圆的半径R与树干直径d之比等于角规杆长L与角规缺口l之比 。把林地上的所有树木的扩大圆,作一投影图(图3),如样点(即样圆的中心)落入树木的扩大圆之中,该树即属于被计树木。根据扩大圆原理,同样可以推导出角规测定林分单位面积上的林木断面积公式为: Grosenbaugh (Grosenbaugh L.R., 1952) further clarified the characteristics of the square plot from the perspective of sampling based on probability theory: trees in a forest stand can be drawn in proportion to their cross-sectional area as a circle For the area diagram, if the grid paper is overlaid on the graph, the estimated value of the cross-sectional area can be obtained by counting the number of points falling in the cross-sectional area of the trunk according to the principle of calculating the area of the grid points. Since the sum of the cross-sectional area of the trunk is relatively small compared with the area of the woodland, using this method to estimate the total cross-sectional area of the trunk will require a sufficient number of points. Therefore, the cross-sectional area of the trunk can be multiplied by a certain constant and expanded to a certain multiple. A larger enlarged circle is drawn at the central point of the trunk to represent the cross-sectional area of the trunk, and the radius of the enlarged circle corresponds to the limit distance of a specific cross-sectional area coefficient. At this time, the probability of the sample point falling into the enlarged circle is proportional to the size of the cross-sectional area of the trunk. The ratio of the radius R of the enlarged circle to the diameter d of the tree trunk is equal to the ratio of the length L of the angle gauge bar to the gap l of the angle gauge . Make a projection map (Figure 3) of the enlarged circle of all trees on the forest land. If the sample point (that is, the center of the sample circle) falls into the enlarged circle of trees, the tree belongs to the counted tree. According to the enlarged circle principle, the formula for determining the sectional area of a forest per unit area of a forest stand with an angle gauge can also be deduced as:

2. 角规构造与使用 2. Construction and use of angle gauge

角规的构造和使用非常简单,现在常用的便于携带的多半是一段50cm长的小绳子加一个小金属片,小金属片上开有宽度不一的二至三个小缺口。使用时在林分内选一有代表性的点为圆心,绕测一周,树杆胸径与视角两条边相割都记1株,相切都记0.5株,相离者记为0株。这样在测点上对周围林木逐株观测,要求不重测不漏测,绕测一周后其计数的总株数Z,再将若干个测点的绕测结果取其计数株数的平均数(Z),按下式计算林分每公顷胸高断面积总和G: The structure and use of the angle gauge are very simple. Most of the commonly used ones that are easy to carry now are a small rope with a length of 50 cm and a small metal piece. There are two to three small gaps with different widths on the small metal piece. When using it, select a representative point in the forest stand as the center of the circle, and measure it around for a circle. If the diameter of the tree trunk is separated from the two sides of the angle of view, it will be recorded as 1 tree, if it is tangent, it will be recorded as 0.5 trees, and if it is separated, it will be recorded as 0 trees. In this way, the surrounding forest trees are observed one by one on the measuring point, and it is required not to repeat the measurement and not to miss the measurement. After a round of measurement, the total number of trees counted is Z, and then the number of counted trees is taken as the average of the number of counted trees from the results of several measurement points (Z ), and calculate the sum G of the chest height basal area per hectare of the forest stand according to the following formula:

式中:Z—每个测点的平均计数株数 In the formula: Z—the average number of counted plants at each measuring point

Fg—断面积系数 F g —coefficient of sectional area

目前各类角规,如角规片、杆式自动角规等,均没有带断面积计数器,也没有根据预设的树种形数自动计算林分单位蓄积量的功能。 At present, various angle gauges, such as angle gauge sheets, pole-type automatic angle gauges, etc., do not have a cross-sectional area counter, nor do they have the function of automatically calculating the stock volume of a stand unit according to the preset tree species shape number.

二、 测高器 2. Altimeter

树高指树木从地面上根茎到树梢之间的距离或高度。农林业所用的测高器一般情况下指测量树高的设备。 Tree height refers to the distance or height of a tree from the ground to the top of the tree. Altimeters used in agriculture and forestry generally refer to equipment for measuring tree heights.

目前通常采用树高测量设备主要有根据三角原理设计的勃鲁莱测高器、根据相似三角形原理设计克里斯屯测高器、经纬仪和超声波测高仪等。 At present, the tree height measurement equipment usually used mainly includes the Breulley altimeter designed according to the triangular principle, the Christian altimeter designed according to the similar triangle principle, theodolite and the ultrasonic altimeter.

1. 勃鲁莱测高器 1. Brulay altimeter

如图4所示勃鲁莱测高器原理图中,根据三角原理可得树木高度H为: As shown in Figure 4, in the schematic diagram of the Breulley altimeter, the tree height H can be obtained according to the triangular principle:

2. 克里斯屯测高器 2. Christon Altimeter

克里斯屯测高器工作原理是在贴近树干处竖一定长(一般2~3米)的标竿,再以一根定长直尺(一般30cm)捏住上端使其下垂。当视线上下观测树梢和树基,恰好通过直尺的上下两端(见图5)时,此时观测标竿顶端的视线与直尺相截的位置,即得图5中bc这一段。按公式: The working principle of the Christon altimeter is to erect a pole of a certain length (generally 2 to 3 meters) close to the trunk, and then pinch the upper end with a fixed length ruler (generally 30cm) to make it droop. When the line of sight observes the treetop and tree base up and down, and just passes through the upper and lower ends of the straightedge (see Figure 5), observe the position where the line of sight at the top of the pole intersects the straightedge, that is, the section bc in Figure 5. According to the formula:

可计算出树高AC,并刻数在 b点。当BC与ac为定长,给定5~40米各不相同的AC,可算出相应的 bc刻划在直尺上,供直接使用。 The height AC of the tree can be calculated, and the number of ticks is at point b. When BC and ac are fixed lengths, given the different AC of 5 to 40 meters, the corresponding bc can be calculated and marked on the ruler for direct use.

目前国内常见的角规、测高器为角规检尺、树高测量功能各自独立的半自动测量设备,无法实现电子化计数、存贮,同时携带、使用均不方便。 At present, the common angle gauges and height measuring devices in China are semi-automatic measuring devices with independent functions of angle gauge ruler and tree height measurement, which cannot realize electronic counting and storage, and are inconvenient to carry and use at the same time.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

一、 解决的主要问题 1. The main problems to be solved

为了解决现有的简易角规、测高器的角规检尺、测高功能分立、角规检尺中手工记录等问题,本发明在以下几方面的创新解决了上述问题: In order to solve the problems of the existing simple angle gauge, the angle gauge of the altimeter, the separation of the height measuring function, and the manual recording in the angle gauge, the invention solves the above-mentioned problems through the innovation of the following aspects:

1. 实现林分调查中的树高、林木断面积等调查数据的数字化采集及野外现场自动计算。 1. Realize the digital collection of survey data such as tree height and tree sectional area in stand survey and automatic calculation in the field.

本装置利用三角测高原理,采用倾角传感器测量样木不同观测点的倾角,通过选定的预置的三种树高测算方法自动现场计算出目标样木高度,改变原有人工测量树高手工记录的工作方式; This device uses the principle of triangular height measurement, uses the inclination sensor to measure the inclination angle of different observation points of the sample tree, and automatically calculates the height of the target sample tree on site through the selected preset three tree height measurement methods, changing the original manual measurement of tree height manually. how the records work;

采用电子计数方式记录角规检尺获得的断面积数,改变原有简易角规由人工用笔、纸记录的模式; Electronic counting is used to record the number of sectional areas obtained by measuring the square gauge, and the original simple angle gauge is manually recorded by pen and paper;

在预先设置了树种形数、角规常数的基础上,在进行角规控制检尺计数完毕后,可以在现场直接计算出林分的单位蓄积。 On the basis of pre-setting the tree species shape number and angle rule number, after the angle rule control check ruler counting is completed, the unit accumulation of the forest stand can be directly calculated on the spot.

2. 多种方法测量树高的功能与原有简单角规的林分断面积计数功能集成融合 2. The function of measuring tree height by multiple methods is integrated with the stand basal area counting function of the original simple angle gauge

树高测算上,提供了三种不同的测高方法,使用者可以根据实际情况选择合适的方法进行测量; In terms of tree height measurement, three different height measurement methods are provided, and users can choose the appropriate method for measurement according to the actual situation;

在进行角规控制检尺计数完毕以后,可以根据前一步骤所测得的树高,及预先设定好的树种形数、角规常数,综合计算出林分的单位蓄积。 After counting the angle gauge control check ruler, the unit volume of the stand can be calculated comprehensively according to the tree height measured in the previous step, and the preset tree species shape number and angle gauge number.

3. 测高及角规数据的数字化存储 3. Digital storage of height measurement and angle gauge data

本装置实现了野外林分调查数据的数字化,野外调查数据以数据文件形式保存在装置的存贮卡中,在内业处理时,可以直接在内业处理的计算机上导入该数据文件,解决了使用原有简易角规时只能在室内由人工录入计算机的问题。 This device realizes the digitalization of field forest survey data, and the field survey data is stored in the memory card of the device in the form of data files. When processing in the office, the data file can be directly imported into the computer for processing in the office, which solves the problem of When using the original simple angle gauge, it can only be manually entered into the computer indoors.

二、 采用的技术方案 2. The technical solution adopted

本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案是: The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:

整个装置由电子部分、角规片、辅助标尺、辅助观测镜、辅助连接线缆等几大部分构成。其中,电子部分主要由一个MCU、一块SD存贮卡、一片LCD显示屏、一块锂电池及一个倾角传感器构成。装置采用USB接口与上位机的通信、给装置本身供电及装置内置的可充电电池充电。连接缆线为定长50cm直径约0.3cm的软细线缆,连接装置的电子部分与角规片。角规片缺口有三个规格,缺口大小分别为0.71cm,1cm,1.41cm,对应的角规常数分别为0.5,1,2。使用时,选用其中一个规格的角规片,并在电子部件上设置相对应的角规常数即可。一般情况下,采用的角规片缺口为1cm,角规常数为1。辅助观测镜在测高过程中可以帮助调查人员瞄准目标,以提高测量精度。 The whole device is composed of several parts such as electronic part, angle gauge sheet, auxiliary scale, auxiliary observation mirror, auxiliary connecting cable and so on. Among them, the electronic part is mainly composed of an MCU, an SD memory card, an LCD display, a lithium battery and an inclination sensor. The device uses the USB interface to communicate with the upper computer, to supply power to the device itself and to charge the rechargeable battery built in the device. The connecting cable is a soft and thin cable with a fixed length of 50cm and a diameter of about 0.3cm, which connects the electronic part of the device and the angle gauge. There are three specifications for the gap of the angle gauge, the size of the gap is 0.71cm, 1cm, and 1.41cm, and the corresponding angle gauge numbers are 0.5, 1, and 2 respectively. When in use, select one of the angle gauges and set the corresponding angle gauge on the electronic components. In general, the notch of the angle gauge used is 1cm, and the angle gauge is 1. The auxiliary observation mirror can help investigators aim at the target during the altimetry process, so as to improve the measurement accuracy.

本装置除可人工设置林分高度外,还提供了三种活立木高度的测算方法,并将相应的树高值作为角规控制检尺过程的林分树高输入,用于计算林分单位蓄积量。 In addition to manually setting the stand height, this device also provides three methods for calculating the height of standing trees, and the corresponding tree height value is used as the input of the stand tree height in the process of controlling the ruler by the angle gauge, which is used to calculate the stand unit accumulation.

第一种方式为固定距离法测高。输入观测点地面到样木根部的距离S后,利用倾角传感器测出观测点人眼高度到样木根部的倾角θ0与观测点到样木顶端的倾角θ1,分别校正观测点的高度、坡度,原理如图6所示。 The first method is the fixed distance method for height measurement. After inputting the distance S from the ground of the observation point to the root of the sample tree, use the inclination sensor to measure the inclination angle θ 0 from the height of the human eye at the observation point to the root of the sample tree and the inclination angle θ 1 from the observation point to the top of the sample tree, and correct the height, Slope, the principle is shown in Figure 6.

当θ0<0为俯视角时,BF取正根,当θ0>0为仰视角时,BF取负根,树高为: When θ 0 <0 is the downward angle, BF takes the positive root, when θ 0 >0 is the upward angle, BF takes the negative root, and the tree height is:

当θ0=0时树高: Tree height when θ 0 =0:

第二种测高方式利用辅助标尺固定点测高,即将辅助标尺固定放置于样木根部,依次用倾角传感器测观测点到树基、辅助标尺上端、树顶端三点的倾角,辅助标尺长度为L,如图7所示,以三角原理计算得出树高: The second method of height measurement uses the auxiliary scale to measure the height at a fixed point, that is, the auxiliary scale is fixedly placed at the root of the sample tree, and the inclination sensor is used to measure the inclination angles from the observation point to the tree base, the upper end of the auxiliary scale, and the top of the tree in turn. The length of the auxiliary scale is L, as shown in Figure 7, calculates the tree height based on the trigonometric principle:

第三种测高方式利用辅助标尺不定点测高,即将辅助标尺放置于B点处,观测人员、辅助标尺、样木在同一直线上。观测人员在A点分别测到B点辅助标尺底端的倾角θ0,测到辅助标尺顶端的倾角θ1,同时,在A点测到树基的倾角θ2,到树顶端的倾角θ3,观测人员移到辅助标尺位置的B点,测到树基D倾角θ4,测到树顶端C倾角θ5,辅助标尺长度为L,如图8所示,树高为: The third method of height measurement uses the auxiliary scale to measure the height at an indeterminate point, that is, the auxiliary scale is placed at point B, and the observer, the auxiliary scale, and the sample are on the same straight line. At point A , the observer measures the inclination angle θ 0 at the bottom of the auxiliary scale at point B, and the inclination angle θ 1 at the top of the auxiliary scale. Observers move to point B at the position of the auxiliary scale, measure the inclination angle θ 4 of the tree base D, and measure the inclination angle θ 5 of the tree top. The length of the auxiliary scale is L, as shown in Figure 8, and the tree height is:

上述三种方式中的角度值由倾角传感器自动采集,本发明分别采用上述三种算法自动计算树高值。 The angle values in the above three methods are automatically collected by the inclination sensor, and the present invention uses the above three algorithms to automatically calculate the tree height value respectively.

手工输入或采用上述任一种测算方法得到的树高,作为下一步骤中角规检尺的参数输入。测角规检尺时,以一手拿角规片,另一手把握电子部分的手柄,眼,辅助瞄准镜、角规片缺口、被检活立木几点在一条直线上,手指分别按电子部分上的三个按键,其中1键开始检尺,2键为计1按键,3键为计0.5按键。绕测过程中,与角规片缺口相割的立木计1,按1按键;与角规片缺口相切的立木计0.5,按计按2键。绕测一周完毕后,按1键结束本轮绕测,按3键则结束本角规点的检尺。每次按键产生一个计数脉冲信号,由处理器进行计数处理。每个角规点检尺完毕后,本装置根据预设的树种、形数及前述步骤获得的树高按一般形数法计算该角规点的每公顷蓄积。野外数据采集完成后,数据文件可能通过USB接口传到内业处理的计算机。系统处理流程如图14所示。 The tree height obtained by manual input or using any of the above-mentioned measurement methods is used as the parameter input of the angle gauge in the next step. When inspecting the goniometer, use one hand to hold the goniometer, and the other hand to hold the handle of the electronic part. The eye, the auxiliary sight, the notch of the goniometer, and the points of the standing tree to be inspected are on a straight line, and the fingers are respectively pressed on the electronic part. There are three keys, among which, key 1 starts to measure the scale, key 2 is the key of counting 1, and key 3 is the key of counting 0.5. In the process of winding measurement, the standing tree that cuts the notch of the angle gauge sheet is counted as 1, press the 1 button; the standing tree that is tangent to the notch of the angle gauge sheet is counted as 0.5, press the button 2 for the count. After the round measurement is completed, press the 1 key to end the round measurement, and press the 3 key to end the measurement of the angle gauge point. Each key generates a count pulse signal, which is counted by the processor. After each square gauge checks the ruler, the device calculates the accumulation per hectare of the square gauge point according to the preset tree species, shape number and the tree height obtained in the aforementioned steps by the general shape number method. After the field data collection is completed, the data files may be transmitted to the computer for office processing through the USB interface. The system processing flow is shown in Figure 14.

本发明的有益效果是,本装置集成原有角规、测高器两种设备才具体的功能,提供了三种方法测算树高,自动计算树高与林分单位面积蓄积量,实现野外调查数据的数字化处理和存储,方便利用计算机、PDA等设备对调查数据进行批量导出和处理。装置体积小,结构简单,操作方便,便于携带。 The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the device integrates the functions of the original angle gauge and the altimeter, provides three methods to measure the tree height, automatically calculates the tree height and the stock volume per unit area of the forest stand, and realizes the field survey The digital processing and storage of data facilitate batch export and processing of survey data using computers, PDAs and other equipment. The device has small volume, simple structure, convenient operation and portability.

附图说明 Description of drawings

下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明: Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described:

图1是角规测样圆示意图; Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an angle gauge measuring sample circle;

图2是角规测树的同心样圆示意图; Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of concentric sample circles of angle gauge tree;

图3是角规测树的扩大圆原理图; Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the enlarged circle of the angle gauge tree;

图4是勃鲁莱测高器原理图; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the Breulley altimeter;

图5是克里斯屯测高器原理图; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of Christen altimeter;

图6是本发明人工输入地面距离测高原理图; Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the artificial input ground distance altimetry of the present invention;

图7是本发明利用辅助标尺固定点测高原理图; Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of height measurement using auxiliary scale fixed point in the present invention;

图8是本发明利用辅助标尺不定点测高原理图; Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the present invention utilizing auxiliary scales to measure height at uncertain points;

图9是本发明电子硬件结构示意图; Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the electronic hardware structure of the present invention;

图10是本发明PCB正面图; Figure 10 is a front view of the PCB of the present invention;

图11是本发明PCB背面图; Fig. 11 is the back view of the PCB of the present invention;

图12是本发明外观与主要构件示意图: Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the appearance and main components of the present invention:

图中1.辅助瞄准镜头,2. 按键1,3.按键2,4.按键3,5.LCD显示屏,6. USB接口,7.SD卡槽,8.开关,9.实体主体,10.连接缆线,11.角规片,12.辅助标尺; In the figure 1. Assisted aiming lens, 2. Button 1, 3. Button 2, 4. Button 3, 5. LCD display, 6. USB interface, 7. SD card slot, 8. Switch, 9. Entity body, 10 .Connecting cable, 11. Angle gauge, 12. Auxiliary ruler;

图13是本发明连接上位机的示意图; Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the present invention connecting the upper computer;

图14是本发明系统处理流程图。 Fig. 14 is a flow chart of the system processing of the present invention.

具体实施方式 detailed description

在图12所示,实体主体通过连接缆线连接角规片,辅助标尺依据使用的测高方法选择使用。辅助瞄准镜头可以视具体情况选用普通玻璃镜片或凹凸透镜组成的望远镜。实体主体所用的MCU可视具体生产批次采用不同型号的芯片。 As shown in Figure 12, the main body of the entity is connected to the angle gauge sheet through a connecting cable, and the auxiliary scale is selected and used according to the height measurement method used. Auxiliary aiming lens can choose ordinary glass lens or the telescope that concave-convex lens is made up of according to specific situation. The MCU used by the entity body may use different types of chips depending on the specific production batch.

在图13所示,实施例电子实体主体通过USB连接缆线连接到计算机上,由计算机上的本发明的上位机软件读取采集装置上SD卡中的数据。 As shown in FIG. 13 , the electronic entity body of the embodiment is connected to the computer through a USB connection cable, and the host computer software of the present invention on the computer reads the data in the SD card on the acquisition device.

图14所示,本发明的在具体应用过程中的系统处理流程,1.利用上位机软件进行参数配置,2将参数下载到装置上,3.在野外设置参数,主要是野外实地现场的树种等与现场环境相关的参数,4.在野外采集树高,5.进行角规检尺计算林分断面积,6.在室内或野外利用计算机或PDA等便携设备通过上位机软件读取相应的数据,7.在内业计算机上显示处理数据。以上流程中,第4步、第5步可以任选其一项功能使用,也可两者结合使用,但若要在野外现场计算林分蓄积,则必须先执行第4步,后执行第5步。 As shown in Figure 14, the system processing flow in the specific application process of the present invention, 1. Use the host computer software to configure parameters, 2. Download the parameters to the device, 3. Set parameters in the field, mainly the tree species on the field in the field 4. Collect the tree height in the field, 5. Calculate the sectional area of the stand with the angle gauge, 6. Use portable devices such as computers or PDAs to read the corresponding data through the host computer software indoors or in the field , 7. Display the processing data on the office computer. In the above process, step 4 and step 5 can be used with one of the functions, or both can be used in combination, but if you want to calculate forest stock in the field, you must first perform step 4, and then perform step 5 step.

Claims (3)

1.一种手持式电子测树仪,实现了角规调查中的绕测计数及树高测算功能,其特征是: 1. A hand-held electronic dendrometer, which realizes the functions of counting and tree height measurement in the survey of angle gauges, and is characterized in that: 实体主体包括MCU、倾角传感器、LCD显示屏、按键、SD卡、锂电池、USB控制器及接口、蜂鸣器、集成电路板、辅助瞄准镜头等,其中 The physical body includes MCU, tilt sensor, LCD display, buttons, SD card, lithium battery, USB controller and interface, buzzer, integrated circuit board, auxiliary aiming lens, etc. 所述MCU、倾角传感器、USB控制器及接口、蜂鸣器焊接在所述集成电路板上; The MCU, inclination sensor, USB controller and interface, and buzzer are welded on the integrated circuit board; 所述LCD显示屏、按键、SD卡、锂电池通过相应接口连接在所述集成电路板上; The LCD display, buttons, SD card, and lithium battery are connected to the integrated circuit board through corresponding interfaces; 所述主体通过定长50CM的线缆连接到角规片; The main body is connected to the angle gauge piece through a cable with a fixed length of 50CM; 所述主体辅助瞄准镜头位置、接键位置与功能定义、LCD位置、线缆所系位置及安装方式均已确定; The position of the auxiliary aiming lens of the main body, the position and function definition of the key, the position of the LCD, the position of the cable and the installation method have all been determined; 所述主体在应用过程中,通过辅助标尺测算树高。 During the application process, the main body measures the height of the tree through the auxiliary scale. 2.根据权利要求1所述的手持式电子测树仪,其特征是: 2. The handheld electronic dendrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述集成电路板实现了MCU相关电路、倾角传感器电路、LCD电路、按键电路、开关电路、电源管理电路、USB控制器相关电路、SD卡电路的集成,其中 The integrated circuit board realizes the integration of MCU related circuits, inclination sensor circuits, LCD circuits, button circuits, switch circuits, power management circuits, USB controller related circuits, and SD card circuits, wherein 所述MCU电路提供MCU处理数据的I/O接口;所述倾角传感器电路将倾角传感器测量值送给MCU;所述LCD电路控制LCD显示屏内容的显示;所述按键电路将按IO信号送给MCU;所述电源管理电路负责锂电池的充放电和电压监测。 Described MCU circuit provides the I/O interface of MCU processing data; Described inclination sensor circuit sends the measured value of inclination sensor to MCU; Described LCD circuit controls the display of LCD display screen content; MCU; the power management circuit is responsible for the charge and discharge and voltage monitoring of the lithium battery. 3.根据权利要求1所述的手持式电子测树仪,其特征是: 3. The handheld electronic dendrometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: 所述电子测树仪实现了固定距离法测高、利用辅助标尺固定点测高、利用辅助标尺不定点测高三种立木高度测量方法的算法集成;所述电子测树仪,利用角规片,在角规检尺过程中进行计测计数,通过预设的树种形数,自动计算所测目标林分单位蓄积量,所述电子测树仪实现了测量立木高度与角规检尺测算功能的集成 ;所述电子测树仪实现了树高、角规检尺计数的数字化采集;实现了对林分胸高断面积、林分蓄积量的自动计算,得到计算结果;所述电子测树仪实现了所述采集数据和所述计算结果在格式化存储;所述电子测树仪改进了传统的野外林分树高测量、角规检尺分别采用角规、测高器测量两种设备测量的方法,利用所述电子测树仪通过内业、外业中对林分树高、角规检尺处理流程的改进,提高了林分树高测量、角规检尺的效率。 The electronic dendrometer realizes the algorithm integration of the three standing tree height measurement methods of height measurement by fixed distance method, height measurement by fixed point using auxiliary scale, and height measurement by non-fixed point by auxiliary scale; the electronic dendrometer uses angle gauge sheet, Measurement and counting are carried out in the process of measuring and counting with the square gauge, and the unit volume of the measured target forest stand is automatically calculated through the preset tree species shape number. Integration; the electronic dendrometer realizes the digital acquisition of tree height and angle gauge counting; realizes the automatic calculation of the stand breast height sectional area and the stand volume, and obtains the calculation results; the electronic dendrometer realizes The collected data and the calculation results are formatted and stored; the electronic dendrometer improves the measurement of the traditional tree height in the field, and the angle gauge is measured by two kinds of equipment, the angle gauge and the altimeter. The method uses the electronic dendrometer to improve the efficiencies of stand tree height measurement and angle gauge measurement by improving the processing flow of stand tree height and angle gauge measurement in internal and field operations.
CN201510441482.9A 2015-07-26 2015-07-26 Hand-held electronic tree measuring instrument Pending CN106382913A (en)

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Application publication date: 20170208