CN104482845A - Roadway section measuring instrument and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

A roadway section measuring instrument and a measuring method. It is suitable for underground use in coal mines. It includes a full-circle protractor, a telescopic bracket and a drawable ruler. The drawable ruler is fixed with an angle indicator needle near the end of the rotating shaft. When the drawable ruler rotates around the rotating shaft, the current drawable ruler can be read through the pointer and the protractor. For the included angle, pull out the extractable ruler section by section from the top until it touches the inner wall of the roadway, and you can read the current length of the ruler through the end section of the ruler. The bottom end of the telescopic bracket is equipped with a pedal base to fix the instrument. Rotate the extractable ruler in the section of the roadway under test to obtain multiple pairs of lengths and angles, and then substitute the pairs of lengths and angles into the formula to calculate the perimeter and area of the section of the roadway under test.

Description

Roadway Section Measuring Instrument and Measuring Method

technical field

The invention relates to a roadway section measuring instrument and a measuring method, which are especially suitable for measuring the perimeter and area of the roadway section in the process of measuring mine ventilation resistance.

Background technique

When measuring the ventilation resistance of coal mines, it is necessary to measure the perimeter and area of the roadway section, which will be used as parameters for later calculation of resistance. At present, the commonly used method of measuring the perimeter section of the roadway at the coal mine site is to use a soft ruler to measure the middle width and height of the roadway, and then use the corresponding formula to estimate according to different roadway shapes. This measurement method is simple to implement, but there are two defects. 1) When the roadway is high and wide, the surveyor needs to use a long pole or two people to work together to complete the measurement, so it is inconvenient to operate; The roadway usually produces different degrees of deformation, or the roadway cross-section is not a standard shape. When the formula of medium width and medium height is used for estimation, large errors will occur, making the measurement results inaccurate.

There are also many instruments and equipment on the market that directly measure the perimeter area, but most of them are optical and electrical equipment, such as laser distance measuring, area measuring and other instruments. Such instruments usually require a power supply and are not intrinsically safe coal mine equipment. The underground working environment of coal mines is very harsh and requires high safety requirements for equipment. It is necessary to apply for coal safety certification and make expensive improvements, so it cannot be directly applied to coal mine field measurement.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing technology, it provides a safe and reliable roadway section measuring instrument and measuring method with simple structure, convenient use, no need for power supply

In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the roadway section measuring instrument of the present invention includes a full circle protractor, a telescopic bracket and a drawable ruler. Withdrawable ruler, the full-circle protractor is coaxial with the telescopic bracket and the withdrawable ruler through the rotating shaft. The protractor cannot be rotated, and the withdrawable ruler can rotate around the top of the telescopic support through the rotating shaft. The full-circle protractor adopts the structure of two front and rear pieces. Convenient reading, the drawable ruler is fixed with an angle indicator needle near the end of the rotating shaft. When the drawable ruler rotates around the rotating shaft, the current angle of the drawable ruler can be read through the pointer and protractor. The bottom of the telescopic bracket There is a pedal base, the extractable ruler is a multi-section telescopic structure, each section is marked with a scale, the extractable ruler is drawn out from the top section by section when in use, and the scale on it indicates the length from the top of the ruler to the end shaft.

The full-circle protractor is coaxial with the telescopic bracket and the extractable ruler through the rotating shaft, the protractor is non-rotatable, and the extractable ruler can rotate around the top of the telescopic bracket through the rotating shaft; the extractable ruler is detachable or convenient Extended structure.

A method for measuring roadway section according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps are as follows:

a. First select the roadway section to be measured, determine the upright position of the bottom plate of the selected roadway section, mark this position as point A ₀ , and then mark the measurement point set { A ₁ ,A ₂ ,…,A _n } on the inner wall of the roadway section , where the number n of measuring points is determined according to the actual shape of the roadway section and the accuracy required for measurement, the larger n is, the higher the measurement accuracy is;

b. Use the pedal base of the roadway section measuring instrument to vertically fix the telescopic bracket at point A ₀ , adjust the telescopic bracket so that the height of the protractor is level with the line of sight of the measurer, and the position of the rotating shaft at this time is recorded as point O. Rotate the extractable ruler clockwise around the axis of rotation in the cross-section, and stretch the extractable ruler from the top of the ruler to A ₁ point at the lower corner of the roadway section by section;

c. Read and record the length value L at this position from the end of the movable section of the extractable ruler. At the same time, read and record the angle between the retractable bracket and the extractable ruler marked by the angle indicator needle on the full-circle protractor. Angle α , so as to obtain a set of length and angle value pairs ( L ₁ , α ₁ );

d. Keep the telescopic support still, rotate the drawable ruler and adjust the length of the ruler, so that the top of the ruler touches the marked measurement points at point A2 on the inner wall of the roadway, _and record the length and angle value pairs of the drawable ruler at this time ( L ₂ , α ₂ ), repeat this step until the measurement point set { A ₁ ,A ₂ ,…,A _n } marked on the inner wall of the roadway section has been measured;

e. All measured length and angle value pairs Substitute into the law of cosines formula: Get the approximate edge of any measured roadway section The length of , where when i=0 , ;

f. By formula: Obtain the perimeter L of the roadway section, where , where L ₀ is the height of the telescopic support (2);

g. Extend the triangle area formula using the law of sines Calculate the area of each triangle enclosed by the measurement point set { A ₁ ,A ₂ ,…,A _n } and the point O where the rotation axis (6) is located, where ;

h. Use the formula: The cross-sectional area S of the roadway is calculated, where , L ₀ is the current height of the telescopic support.

When the roadway is higher and wider, it can be guaranteed that it can always be stretched to contact the wall by replacing a longer extractable ruler.

Beneficial effects: 1. The device and method are safe and reliable to use, do not need a power supply, and are convenient for one person to complete the measurement and collection of basic data of the roadway section, saving manpower, and the measurement accuracy can be improved by increasing the number of measuring points, so as to achieve accurate calculation of the mine roadway The purpose of perimeter and area; 2. The purely mechanical structure can be safely used in the mine roadway, and the device is light and small in size and simple in structure, so it is easy to carry and measure in the mine roadway for a long distance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of measuring roadway section of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the roadway section measuring device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the partially enlarged view of the angle indicating part of part I in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the length indication part of part II in Fig. 2.

In the figure: 1-Pedal base, 2-Telescopic bracket, 3-Full circle protractor, 4-Angle indicating needle, 5-Extractable ruler, 6-Rotating shaft, I: Angle indicating part, II: Length indicating part.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described according to specific embodiments below:

As shown in Figure 1, the roadway section measuring instrument of the present invention includes a full-circle protractor 3, a telescopic support 2 and a drawable ruler 5, the full-circle protractor 3 is a front and rear two-piece protractor structure, and is fixed on the top of the telescopic support 2 through a rotating shaft 6 , the extractable ruler 5 is also fixed on the rotating shaft 6, the full circle protractor 3 is coaxial with the telescopic bracket 2 and the extractable ruler 5 through the rotating shaft 6, the protractor 3 is non-rotatable, and the extractable ruler 5 can surround the top of the telescopic bracket 2 Rotating through the rotating shaft 6, the full-circle protractor 3 adopts the structure of two front and rear pieces, which is convenient for reading. The drawable ruler 5 is fixed with an angle indicator needle 4 near the end of the rotating shaft 6. When the drawable ruler 5 rotates around the rotating shaft 6, it can be Read out the current included angle of the extractable ruler 5 through the pointer 4 and the protractor 3. The bottom end of the telescopic bracket 2 is provided with a pedal base 1. The extractable ruler 5 is a multi-section telescopic structure, and each section is marked with a scale. , the extractable ruler 5 is extracted section by section from the top when in use, and the upper scale indicates the length of the ruler top from the end shaft. The extractable ruler 5 is a detachable or convenient lengthening structure.

As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of roadway section measurement method using claim 1, its steps are as follows:

a. First select the roadway section to be measured, determine the upright position of the bottom plate of the selected roadway section, mark this position as point A ₀ , and then mark the measurement point set { A ₁ ,A ₂ ,…,A _n } on the inner wall of the roadway section , where the number n of measuring points is determined according to the actual shape of the roadway section and the accuracy required for measurement, the larger n is, the higher the measurement accuracy is;

b. Use the pedal base 1 of the roadway section measuring instrument to vertically fix the telescopic bracket 2 at point A ₀ , adjust the telescopic bracket 2 so that the height of the protractor 3 is level with the line of sight of the measurer, and the position of the rotating shaft 6 at this time is recorded as At point O , rotate the extractable ruler 5 clockwise around the rotating shaft 6 in the section of the roadway, and stretch the withdrawable ruler 5 from the top of the ruler to point A at the lower corner of the roadway section _by section;

c. Read and record the length value L at this position from the end of the movable joint of the extractable ruler 5. At the same time, read and record the telescopic bracket 2 marked on the full circle protractor 3 by the angle indicator needle 4 and the extractable ruler 5. The included angle α between them, so as to obtain a set of length and angle value pairs ( L ₁ , α ₁ );

d. Keep the telescopic support 2 still, rotate the drawable ruler 5 and adjust the length of the ruler, so that the top of the ruler touches the marked measurement points at ₂ points on the inner wall of the roadway, and record the length and angle value pairs of the drawable ruler 5 at this time ( L ₂ , α ₂ ), repeat this step until the measurement point set { A ₁ ,A ₂ ,…,A _n } marked on the inner wall of the roadway section has been measured;

e. All measured length and angle value pairs Substitute into the law of cosines formula: Get the approximate edge of any measured roadway section The length of , where when i=0 , ;

f. By formula: Obtain the perimeter L of the roadway section, where , where L ₀ is the height of the telescopic support 2;

g. Extend the triangle area formula using the law of sines Calculate the area of each triangle enclosed by the measurement point set { A ₁ , A ₂ ,…,A _n } and the point O where the rotating shaft 6 is located, where ;

h. Use the formula: The cross-sectional area S of the roadway is calculated, where , L ₀ is the current height of the telescopic support 2.

When the described roadway is higher and wider, it can be ensured that it can always be stretched to contact the wall by changing a longer extractable ruler 5 . the

Figure 3 shows a partial enlarged view of part I in Figure 2: the angle indication part. This part consists of a 360-degree full-circle protractor 3 and an angle indicating needle 4 fixed on a drawable ruler 5 . The extractable ruler 5 can rotate around the rotating shaft 6 . The full circle protractor 3 is fixed in position relative to the rotating shaft 6 and cannot rotate. Rotate the extractable ruler 5 to a specific orientation, that is, the angle at the position of the ruler can be read through the angle indicating needle 4 and the full-circle protractor 3 .

Fig. 4 shows part II in Fig. 2: a partially enlarged view of the drawable ruler 5 which is the length indicating part. The extractable ruler 5 is made up of several sections, and the tip is taken out section by section for measurement, and finally the scale displayed at the end of the movable section is the length of the top of the ruler from the rotating shaft 6 .

Claims (5)

1. a drift section measuring instrument, it is characterized in that: it comprises wholecircle protractor (3), telescope support (2) and withdrawable ruler (5), wholecircle protractor (3) is front and back two panels angle gage structure, interfixed by rotating shaft (6) and telescope support (2) top, rotating shaft (6) is also connected with withdrawable ruler (5), before and after wholecircle protractor (3) adopts, the structure of two panels facilitates reading, withdrawable ruler (5) is fixed with angle pointer (4) near rotating shaft (6) end, when withdrawable ruler (5) rotates around rotating shaft (6), namely the angle number of degrees residing for current withdrawable ruler (5) are read by pointer (4) and protractor (3), telescope support (2) bottom is provided with pedal base (1), described withdrawable ruler (5) is multi-joint telescoping structure, every feast-brand mark has scale, withdrawable ruler (5) is extracted out section by section by top in use, the length of its high scale instruction ruler top distance end rotating shaft.

2. drift section measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described wholecircle protractor (3) and telescope support (2) and withdrawable ruler (5) coaxial by rotating shaft (6), protractor (3) is not rotatable, and withdrawable ruler (5) can around the top of telescope support (2) by (rotating shaft (6) rotates.

3. drift section measuring instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described withdrawable ruler (5) is detachable or facilitates elongate structure.

4. exercise of power requires the tunnel section measurement method described in 1, it is characterized in that step is as follows:

A. first choose measured drift section, determine the position that the base plate of selected drift section is erect, marking this position is A ₀point, afterwards drift section inwall mark measure point set a ₁ , A ₂ ..., A _n , wherein the number n of measuring point determines according to drift section true form and the required degree of accuracy of measurement, and n is larger, then measuring accuracy is higher;

B. the pedal base (1) of drift section measuring instrument is used vertically to be fixed on by telescope support (2) a ₀ point place, adjustment telescope support (2), make protractor (3) height to flushing with gauger's sight line, now rotating shaft (6) present position is designated as opoint, rotates withdrawable ruler (5) by clockwise (6) around the shaft, and withdrawable ruler (5) is stretched to corner A tunnel section by section from ruler top in drift section ₁point place;

C. read from withdrawable ruler (5) active section end and record the length value of this position lread simultaneously and record the angle angle between telescope support (2) and withdrawable ruler (5) that now angle pointer (4) marks out on wholecircle protractor (3) α, thus draw one group of length, angular values to ( l ₁ , α ₁ );

D. keep telescope support (2) motionless, rotate withdrawable ruler (5) and adjust ruler length, make ruler tip contact mark measurement point and concentrate tunnel inwall a ₂ point, record now the length of withdrawable ruler (5), angular values to ( l ₂ , α ₂ ), repeat this step until drift section inwall marks measurement point set a ₁ , A ₂ ..., A _n all measuredly to complete;

E. all length, the angular values pair that obtain will be measured substitute into cosine law formula: obtain arbitrarily survey drift section approximate edges length, in formula when i=0time, ;

F. formula is passed through: try to achieve drift section girth l, wherein , in formula l ₀ for the height of telescope support (2);

G. sine extended triangular shape area formula is used computation and measurement point set a ₁ , A ₂ ..., A _n with residing for rotating shaft (6) oeach triangle area that point surrounds, wherein ;

H. formula is used: calculate drift section area s, in formula , l ₀ for the present level of telescope support (2).

5. according to the tunnel section measurement method shown in claim 3, its feature exists: described when tunnel is higher, wider, can ensure its contact metope that can always stretch by changing longer withdrawable ruler (5).