CN106380828A - 一种聚氨酯保温板的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚氨酯保温板的制备方法，属于保温板制备技术领域。本发明将膨胀珍珠岩粉碎过筛后，与生石灰等搅拌混合制得引发剂粉末，加入硅酸盐水泥等制得的混合粉末，再加入白乳胶等混合制得填料微球，再添加聚丙烯纤维提高板材抗裂性能，与自行制备的发泡聚氨酯搅拌反应后，于模具中静置发泡，再经恒温恒湿蒸养制得聚氨酯保温板。本发明的有益效果是：本发明制备步骤简单，所得聚氨酯保温板具有较好的尺寸稳定性，抗压强度≥306kPa；本发明聚氨酯保温板易施工，施工后面层无裂缝现象出现，保温性能好，使用寿命长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯保温板的制备方法，属于保温板制备技术领域。
背景技术
随着能源问题的日益突出及可持续发展战略的深化实施，新建建筑执行更高的节能设计标准，推动新建建筑向低碳、绿色、生态发展，这无疑对保温材料提出了更高的保温节能要求。目前常用的建筑保温材料主要分为有机材料和无机材料，有机材料包括聚氨酯、酚醛、发泡基苯乙烯等，无机材料包括发泡陶瓷、发泡水泥、岩棉和玻璃棉。聚氨酯是目前保温效果最好的有机材料，同时具有质轻、耐水耐溶剂性能好等特点。
聚氨酯保温板是由聚异氰脲酸酯和杂环类阻燃多元醇经特定条件反应制作而成的闭孔结构高分子板材。作为优良的防火保温隔热材料，主要用于建筑物节能和大型冷库、冷链保温领域。同时，可用于工业厂房、船舶、车辆、军工、水利建设等领域的防火保温隔热。聚氨酯保温板内为多孔性结构，热稳定性差，极易造成热量积聚而引发火灾，燃烧过程释放有害气体。近年来由聚氨酯泡沫材料引起的建筑火灾频繁发生，造成了严重的财产损失和人员伤亡。且由于聚氨酯复合保温板的尺寸稳定性相对较差，极限氧指数低，板材抗压能力差，施工后易出现质量问题，板材的板楞明显、面层易产生裂缝，导致保温性能降低等。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题：针对目前聚氨酯保温板尺寸稳定性差，板材抗压能力差，施工后，面层易产生裂缝，导致保温性能降低的弊端，提供了一种将膨胀珍珠岩粉碎过筛后，与生石灰等搅拌混合制得引发剂粉末，加入硅酸盐水泥等制得的混合粉末，再加入白乳胶等混合制得填料微球，再添加聚丙烯纤维提高板材抗裂性能，与自行制备的发泡聚氨酯搅拌反应后，于模具中静置发泡，再经恒温恒湿蒸养制得聚氨酯保温板的方法。本发明制备步骤简单，所得聚氨酯保温板尺寸稳定性好，抗压能力强，有效解决了施工后，面层易产生裂缝的问题，具有较高的保温性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用如下所述的技术方案是：
（1）称取60～80g膨胀珍珠岩，加入球磨机中，研磨后过600～800目筛，得珍珠岩细灰，按重量份数计，依次称取10～15份所得珍珠岩细灰，3～5份生石灰，2～4份石膏粉，倒入烧杯中，用玻璃棒搅拌混合10～15min，得引发剂粉末；
（2）依次称取200～300g硅酸盐水泥，800～900g粉煤灰，混合均匀后置于烘箱中，于105～110℃条件下干燥至恒重，得混合粉末，随后将所得混合粉末与上述所得引发剂粉末分别加入混料机，再加入40～60mL白乳胶，调节混料机搅拌转速至800～1000r/min，在高速搅拌状态下，通过喷头向混料机中物料喷洒200～260mL去离子水，调节喷头进水量为15～20mL/min，待喷水结束，继续搅拌混合10～15min，出料，得填料微球；
（3）按重量份数计，在反应釜中依次加入40～60份上述所得填料微球，10～15份长度为3～5mm聚丙烯纤维，80～90份苯酐聚酯多元醇，4～6份茶皂素，25～30份二氯一氟乙烷，4～6份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯，0.8～1.2份去离子水，于温度为20～25℃，转速为1600～1800r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合15～20s，再加入苯酐聚酯多元醇质量3倍的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应8～10s；
（4）待反应结束，将混料机中物料倒入模具中，静置发泡30～45min，随后将模具转入蒸养室，以20～25℃/min速率升温至95～100℃，调节蒸养室内相对湿度至95～100%，恒温恒湿蒸养14～16h，再以2～4℃/min速率逐步降温至45～50℃，出料，即得聚氨酯保温板。
本发明制得的聚氨酯保温板极限氧指数为34.6～36.8%，拉伸强度为42.3～48.6MPa，弯曲强度为36.5～39.2MPa，冲击强度为6.82～7.16kJ/m2，热传导系数为0.017～0.019W/（m·K），加热后尺寸变化率为0.16～0.18%，高低温尺寸变化率为-1.8～2.1%，吸水率为1.3～1.5%。
本发明与其他方法相比，有益技术效果是：
（1）本发明制备步骤简单，所得聚氨酯保温板具有较好的尺寸稳定性，抗压强度≥306kPa；
（2）本发明聚氨酯保温板易施工，施工后面层无开裂现象出现，保温性能好，使用寿命长。
具体实施方式
首先称取60～80g膨胀珍珠岩，加入球磨机中，研磨后过600～800目筛，得珍珠岩细灰，按重量份数计，依次称取10～15份所得珍珠岩细灰，3～5份生石灰，2～4份石膏粉，倒入烧杯中，用玻璃棒搅拌混合10～15min，得引发剂粉末；然后依次称取200～300g硅酸盐水泥，800～900g粉煤灰，混合均匀后置于烘箱中，于105～110℃条件下干燥至恒重，得混合粉末，随后将所得混合粉末与上述所得引发剂粉末分别加入混料机，再加入40～60mL白乳胶，调节混料机搅拌转速至800～1000r/min，在高速搅拌状态下，通过喷头向混料机中物料喷洒200～260mL去离子水，调节喷头进水量为15～20mL/min，待喷水结束，继续搅拌混合10～15min，出料，得填料微球；再按重量份数计，在反应釜中依次加入40～60份上述所得填料微球，10～15份长度为3～5mm聚丙烯纤维，80～90份苯酐聚酯多元醇，4～6份茶皂素，25～30份二氯一氟乙烷，4～6份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯，0.8～1.2份去离子水，于温度为20～25℃，转速为1600～1800r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合15～20s，再加入苯酐聚酯多元醇质量3倍的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应8～10s；最后待反应结束，将混料机中物料倒入模具中，静置发泡30～45min，随后将模具转入蒸养室，以20～25℃/min速率升温至95～100℃，调节蒸养室内相对湿度至95～100%，恒温恒湿蒸养14～16h，再以2～4℃/min速率逐步降温至45～50℃，出料，即得聚氨酯保温板。
实例1
首先称取60g膨胀珍珠岩，加入球磨机中，研磨后过600目筛，得珍珠岩细灰，按重量份数计，依次称取10份所得珍珠岩细灰，3份生石灰，2份石膏粉，倒入烧杯中，用玻璃棒搅拌混合10min，得引发剂粉末；然后依次称取200g硅酸盐水泥，800g粉煤灰，混合均匀后置于烘箱中，于105℃条件下干燥至恒重，得混合粉末，随后将所得混合粉末与上述所得引发剂粉末分别加入混料机，再加入40mL白乳胶，调节混料机搅拌转速至800r/min，在高速搅拌状态下，通过喷头向混料机中物料喷洒200mL去离子水，调节喷头进水量为15mL/min，待喷水结束，继续搅拌混合10min，出料，得填料微球；再按重量份数计，在反应釜中依次加入40份上述所得填料微球，10份长度为3mm聚丙烯纤维，80份苯酐聚酯多元醇，4份茶皂素，25份二氯一氟乙烷，4份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯，0.8份去离子水，于温度为20℃，转速为1600r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合15s，再加入苯酐聚酯多元醇质量3倍的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应8s；最后待反应结束，将混料机中物料倒入模具中，静置发泡30min，随后将模具转入蒸养室，以20℃/min速率升温至95℃，调节蒸养室内相对湿度至95%，恒温恒湿蒸养14h，再以2℃/min速率逐步降温至45℃，出料，即得聚氨酯保温板。本发明制得的聚氨酯保温板极限氧指数为34.6%，拉伸强度为42.3MPa，弯曲强度为36.5MPa，冲击强度为6.82kJ/m2，热传导系数为0.017W/（m·K），加热后尺寸变化率为0.16%，高低温尺寸变化率为-1.8%，吸水率为1.3%。
实例2
首先称取70g膨胀珍珠岩，加入球磨机中，研磨后过700目筛，得珍珠岩细灰，按重量份数计，依次称取13份所得珍珠岩细灰，4份生石灰，3份石膏粉，倒入烧杯中，用玻璃棒搅拌混合13min，得引发剂粉末；然后依次称取250g硅酸盐水泥，850g粉煤灰，混合均匀后置于烘箱中，于108℃条件下干燥至恒重，得混合粉末，随后将所得混合粉末与上述所得引发剂粉末分别加入混料机，再加入50mL白乳胶，调节混料机搅拌转速至900r/min，在高速搅拌状态下，通过喷头向混料机中物料喷洒230mL去离子水，调节喷头进水量为18mL/min，待喷水结束，继续搅拌混合13min，出料，得填料微球；再按重量份数计，在反应釜中依次加入50份上述所得填料微球，13份长度为4mm聚丙烯纤维，85份苯酐聚酯多元醇，5份茶皂素，28份二氯一氟乙烷，5份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯，1.0份去离子水，于温度为23℃，转速为1700r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合18s，再加入苯酐聚酯多元醇质量3倍的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应9s；最后待反应结束，将混料机中物料倒入模具中，静置发泡38min，随后将模具转入蒸养室，以23℃/min速率升温至98℃，调节蒸养室内相对湿度至98%，恒温恒湿蒸养15h，再以3℃/min速率逐步降温至48℃，出料，即得聚氨酯保温板。本发明制得的聚氨酯保温板极限氧指数为35.7%，拉伸强度为45.4MPa，弯曲强度为37.8MPa，冲击强度为6.99kJ/m2，热传导系数为0.018W/（m·K），加热后尺寸变化率为0.17%，高低温尺寸变化率为0.2%，吸水率为1.4%。
实例3
首先称取70g膨胀珍珠岩，加入球磨机中，研磨后过800目筛，得珍珠岩细灰，按重量份数计，依次称取15份所得珍珠岩细灰，5份生石灰，4份石膏粉，倒入烧杯中，用玻璃棒搅拌混合15min，得引发剂粉末；然后依次称取300g硅酸盐水泥，900g粉煤灰，混合均匀后置于烘箱中，于110℃条件下干燥至恒重，得混合粉末，随后将所得混合粉末与上述所得引发剂粉末分别加入混料机，再加入60mL白乳胶，调节混料机搅拌转速至1000r/min，在高速搅拌状态下，通过喷头向混料机中物料喷洒260mL去离子水，调节喷头进水量为20mL/min，待喷水结束，继续搅拌混合15min，出料，得填料微球；再按重量份数计，在反应釜中依次加入60份上述所得填料微球，15份长度为5mm聚丙烯纤维，90份苯酐聚酯多元醇，6份茶皂素，30份二氯一氟乙烷，6份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯，1.2份去离子水，于温度为25℃，转速为1800r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合20s，再加入苯酐聚酯多元醇质量3倍的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应10s；最后待反应结束，将混料机中物料倒入模具中，静置发泡45min，随后将模具转入蒸养室，以25℃/min速率升温至100℃，调节蒸养室内相对湿度至100%，恒温恒湿蒸养16h，再以4℃/min速率逐步降温至50℃，出料，即得聚氨酯保温板。本发明制得的聚氨酯保温板极限氧指数为36.8%，拉伸强度为48.6MPa，弯曲强度为39.2MPa，冲击强度为7.16kJ/m2，热传导系数为0.019W/（m·K），加热后尺寸变化率为0.18%，高低温尺寸变化率为2.1%，吸水率为1.5%。
Claims (1)
1.一种聚氨酯保温板的制备方法，其特征在于具体制备步骤为：
（1）称取60～80g膨胀珍珠岩，加入球磨机中，研磨后过600～800目筛，得珍珠岩细灰，按重量份数计，依次称取10～15份所得珍珠岩细灰，3～5份生石灰，2～4份石膏粉，倒入烧杯中，用玻璃棒搅拌混合10～15min，得引发剂粉末；
（2）依次称取200～300g硅酸盐水泥，800～900g粉煤灰，混合均匀后置于烘箱中，于105～110℃条件下干燥至恒重，得混合粉末，随后将所得混合粉末与上述所得引发剂粉末分别加入混料机，再加入40～60mL白乳胶，调节混料机搅拌转速至800～1000r/min，在高速搅拌状态下，通过喷头向混料机中物料喷洒200～260mL去离子水，调节喷头进水量为15～20mL/min，待喷水结束，继续搅拌混合10～15min，出料，得填料微球；
（3）按重量份数计，在反应釜中依次加入40～60份上述所得填料微球，10～15份长度为3～5mm聚丙烯纤维，80～90份苯酐聚酯多元醇，4～6份茶皂素，25～30份二氯一氟乙烷，4～6份二丁基锡二月桂酸酯，0.8～1.2份去离子水，于温度为20～25℃，转速为1600～1800r/min条件下，恒温搅拌混合15～20s，再加入苯酐聚酯多元醇质量3倍的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯，继续搅拌反应8～10s；
（4）待反应结束，将混料机中物料倒入模具中，静置发泡30～45min，随后将模具转入蒸养室，以20～25℃/min速率升温至95～100℃，调节蒸养室内相对湿度至95～100%，恒温恒湿蒸养14～16h，再以2～4℃/min速率逐步降温至45～50℃，出料，即得聚氨酯保温板。
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108929095A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-04 | 定远县双远新型建筑材料厂 | 一种高强度外墙保温板及其制备工艺 |
| CN110684341A (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-14 | 马贵其 | 一种抗冲击型保温板的制备方法 |
| CN113291027A (zh) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-24 | 陕西罗德建设科技有限公司 | 一种保温装饰一体板及其施工方法 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108929095A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-04 | 定远县双远新型建筑材料厂 | 一种高强度外墙保温板及其制备工艺 |
| CN110684341A (zh) * | 2019-10-10 | 2020-01-14 | 马贵其 | 一种抗冲击型保温板的制备方法 |
| CN113291027A (zh) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-24 | 陕西罗德建设科技有限公司 | 一种保温装饰一体板及其施工方法 |
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