CN106380173B - 一种用于激光烧结3d打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备 - Google Patents
一种用于激光烧结3d打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,首先将黑陶陶土进行造粒制备成粒径在30~100µm范围内造粒黑陶分体;然后,在搅拌机中,按质量百分比加入,造粒黑陶粉体:88%~95%,硬脂酸钙:0.5%~1.5%,二丙烯三胺:0.2%~1.0%,加热使温度达到120~140℃,在搅拌下,加入a‑氰基丙烯酸酯:2%~6%,热塑性环氧树脂:2%~6%,各组分之和为百分之百,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。该粉体材料采用激光烧结可可直接成型,球形度高,流动性好,成型精度高,而且具有制备工艺简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低,易于工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型粉体材料的制备方法,属于快速成型的材料领域,特别涉及一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法及3D打印成型。
背景技术
黑陶,诞生于中国新石器时代,古老的汉族制陶技艺,有黑如漆,声如罄,薄如纸,亮如镜,硬如瓷的美誉。黑色陶器。出现新石器时代晚期的滇藏文化,大汶口文化、龙山文化、屈家岭文化和良渚文化等遗址中。黑陶的烧成温度达1000度左右,黑陶有细泥、泥质和夹砂三种,其中以细泥薄壁黑陶制作水平最高,有“黑如漆、薄如纸”的美称。这种黑陶的陶土经过淘洗 ,轮制,胎壁厚仅0.5-1毫米,再经打磨,烧成漆黑光亮,有“蛋壳陶”之称,表现出惊人的技巧,饮誉中外。这时期的黑陶以素面磨光的最多,带纹饰的较少,有弦纹、划纹、镂孔等几种。黑陶采用轮制,器形浑圆工整,造型优美,装饰精巧,具有“黑,薄,光,纽”的艺术特点。
制作工艺,泥土取出后经晾干,后用纱布过滤制成泥坯,经过手工拉坯造型后,用贝壳反复压光,直到陶坯表面密度增加,光滑如镜。再以特制的雕刻工具运用线雕、浅雕、深雕、镂空等技法,手工雕刻出绚丽神秘的图案。然后给黑陶作品安装耳、环、鼻、腿等配件。制作工艺复杂,费时费力。采用3D打印成型省时省力,产品的精度高等优点。
3D打印(3D printing),是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用流体状、粉末状、丝(棒)状等可固化、粘合、熔合材料,通过逐层固化、粘合、熔合的方式来构造物体的技术。常在模具制造、工业设计等领域被用于制造模型,后逐渐用于一些产品的直接制造,已经有使用这种技术打印而成的零部件。该技术在珠宝、鞋类、工业设计、建筑、工程和施工(AEC)、汽车,航空航天、牙科和医疗产业、教育、地理信息系统、土木工程、枪支以及其他领域都有所应用。3D打印技术出现在20世纪90年代中期,实际上是利用光固化和纸层叠等技术的最新快速成型装置。它与普通打印工作原理基本相同,打印机内装有液体或粉末等“打印材料”,与电脑连接后,通过电脑控制把“打印材料”一层层叠加起来,最终把计算机上的蓝图变成实物。这打印技术称为 3D立体打印技术。传统制造业一般需要对原材料进行切割或钻孔,即减材制造,可大规模生产;3D打印是将材料一层层堆叠粘合、熔合,即增材制造;可实现快速个性化制造,可制造出传统制造业无法完成的形状。
激光烧结3D打印属于增材制造的一种方法。这种工艺也是以激光器为能量源,通过激光束使塑料、蜡、陶瓷、金属或其复合物的粉末均匀地烧结在加工平面上。在工作台上均匀铺上一层很薄的粉末作为原料,激光束在计算机的控制下,通过扫描器以一定的速度和能量密度按分层面的二维数据扫描。经过激光束扫描后,相应位置的粉末就烧结成一定厚度的实体片层,未扫描的地方仍然保持松散的粉末状。这一层扫描完毕后,随后需要对下一层进行扫描。先根据物体截层厚度即分层层厚而降低工作台,铺粉滚筒再一次将粉末铺平,可以开始新一层的扫描。如此反复,直至扫描完所有层面。去掉多余粉末,并经过后处理,即可获得产品。
在现有的成型材料领域中,由于SLS快速成型技术具有原料来源多样和零件的构建时间较短等优点,故在快速成型领域有着较广泛的应用。但大部分是有机材料和复合材料,中国发明专利CN1379061A中公开了一种用于激光烧结成型制品的尼龙粉末材料,通过化学合成和工艺的改进,对尼龙粉末材料的表面进行处理,得到了烧结性能优良,成型制品强度高,韧性好的产品,简化了激光烧结尼龙材料的制备工艺,降低了成本;中国发明专利CN103881371 中公开了一种激光烧结3D制造技术用石塑复合粉末及其制备方法。
本发明通过对黑陶粉体材料进行造粒,将高分子的胶粘剂涂层到造粒黑陶粉体材料表面,得到的涂层后黑陶粉体材料可以直接采用激光烧结快速成型。该粉体粒径均匀、球形度高、流动性好可以方便快捷地成形精密、异型、复杂的部件,不需要喷洒粘接剂,大大简化才做程序。所得到产品不仅强度高,也使薄壁微小零件的成型在3D快速成型机上的实现成为可能;此外,本专利提供的方法简单,成本低。
发明内容
本发明的目是提供一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法,快速成型粉末不需要喷洒粘结剂可直接激光扫描成型;
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现。
一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)黑陶陶土预处理:将黑陶陶土晾干,研磨,过筛,粒径控制在0.2~5μm范围内,得到预处理黑陶陶土;
(2)造粒黑陶粉体制备:在反应器中,按质量百分比加入,乙醇:48%~52%,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛:0.5%~1.0%,松香树脂: 0.5%~1.0%,柠檬酸三乙酯:0.1%~1.0%,搅拌溶解,再加入预处理黑陶陶土:46%~50%,各组分之和为百分之百,强力搅拌、反应80~100min,然后喷雾干燥,得到造粒黑陶粉体,其粒径在30~100µm范围内;
(3)用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体制备:在搅拌机中,按质量百分比加入,造粒黑陶粉体:88%~95%,硬脂酸钙:0.5%~1.5%,二丙烯三胺:0.2%~1.0%,开启搅拌机转速在300转/分钟,搅拌30min,加热使温度达到120~140℃,在搅拌下,加入a-氰基丙烯酸酯:2%~6%,热塑性环氧树脂:2%~6%,各组分之和为百分之百,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。
在步骤(2)中所述的喷雾干燥,进风口温度控制在70℃,出风口温度控制在55℃,进风流量210m3/h。
在步骤(2)中所述的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛与松香树脂的质量比在1:1之间最优。
在步骤(3)中所述的造粒黑陶粉体与a-氰基丙烯酸酯的质量比在1:0.05~0.10之间最优。
在步骤(3)中所述的a-氰基丙烯酸酯与热塑性环氧树脂的质量比在1:0.9~1.1之间最优。
在步骤(3)中所述的热塑性环氧树脂的环氧值为0.4~0.45mol/100g之间。
本发明所述的颗粒度测试方法是采用激光粒度仪测得的粒度当量直径尺寸。
本发明的另一目的是提供用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体材料在3D打印机上成型的应用,特点为:将用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体材料加入到选择性激光烧结成型机的供粉缸中,铺粉滚轮将粉末材料均匀地铺在加工平面上并被加热至加工温度,激光器发出激光,计算机控制激光器的开关及扫描器的角度,使得激光束在加工平面上根据对应的二维片层形状进行扫描,激光束扫过之后,工作台下移一个层厚,再铺粉,激光束扫描,如此反复,得到激光烧结件;其中激光束在加工平面上扫描的方式为分区域扫描,激光功率为40~50W,扫描速度为1500mm/s,扫描间距为0.1~0.15mm,分层厚度为0.10~0.2mm,预热温度:50℃,加工温度为130~150℃。
本发明与现有技术比较,具有如下优点及有益效果:
(1)本发明获得的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体材料,不需要喷洒粘结剂在激光烧结条件下可直接成型。
(2)本发明获得的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体材料,颗粒的粒径均匀,球形度高,流动性好的特点,性质稳定;由这种快速成型粉末材料可以制造薄壁模型或微小零部件,制造出产品具有表面光泽度高,强度好,精度高等特点。
(3)本发明获得的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体材料,具有制备工艺简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低,易于工业化生产,又具有低碳环保和节约能源等优势。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)黑陶陶土预处理:将黑陶陶土晾干,研磨,过筛,粒径控制在0.2~5μm范围内,得到预处理黑陶陶土;
(2)造粒黑陶粉体制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:6300mL,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛:50g,松香树脂:50g,柠檬酸三乙酯:10g,搅拌溶解,再加入预处理黑陶陶土:4900g,强力搅拌、反应90min,搅拌溶解,然后喷雾干燥,得到造粒黑陶粉体,其粒径在30~100µm范围内;
(3)用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体制备:在搅拌机中,分别加入,造粒黑陶粉体:90g,硬脂酸钙:1.0g,二丙烯三胺:1.0g,开启搅拌机转速在300转/分钟,搅拌30min,加热使温度达到130℃,在搅拌下,加入a-氰基丙烯酸酯:4.0g,热塑性环氧树脂:4.0g,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。
实施例2
(1)黑陶陶土预处理:将黑陶陶土晾干,研磨,过筛,粒径控制在0.2~5μm范围内,得到预处理黑陶陶土;
(2)造粒黑陶粉体制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:6500mL,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛:80g,松香树脂:80g,柠檬酸三乙酯:50g,搅拌溶解,再加入预处理黑陶陶土:4600g,强力搅拌、反应80min,搅拌溶解,然后喷雾干燥,得到造粒黑陶粉体,其粒径在30~100µm范围内;
(3)用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体制备:在搅拌机中,分别加入,造粒黑陶粉体:190g,硬脂酸钙:1.0g,二丙烯三胺:1.0g,开启搅拌机转速在300转/分钟,搅拌30min,加热使温度达到120℃,在搅拌下,加入a-氰基丙烯酸酯:4.0g,热塑性环氧树脂:4.0g,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。
实施例3
(1)黑陶陶土预处理:将黑陶陶土晾干,研磨,过筛,粒径控制在0.2~5μm范围内,得到预处理黑陶陶土;
(2)造粒黑陶粉体制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:6000mL,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛:60g,松香树脂:120g,柠檬酸三乙酯:20g,搅拌溶解,再加入预处理黑陶陶土:5000g,强力搅拌、反应100min,搅拌溶解,然后喷雾干燥,得到造粒黑陶粉体,其粒径在30~100µm范围内;
(3)用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体制备:在搅拌机中,分别加入,造粒黑陶粉体:880g,硬脂酸钙:15g,二丙烯三胺:2.0g,开启搅拌机转速在300转/分钟,搅拌30min,加热使温度达到140℃,在搅拌下,加入a-氰基丙烯酸酯:50g,热塑性环氧树脂:50g,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。
实施例4
(1)黑陶陶土预处理:将黑陶陶土晾干,研磨,过筛,粒径控制在0.2~5μm范围内,得到预处理黑陶陶土;
(2)造粒黑陶粉体制备:在反应器中,分别加入,乙醇:7000mL,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛:100g,松香树脂:120g,柠檬酸三乙酯:8g,搅拌溶解,再加入预处理黑陶陶土:5500g,强力搅拌、反应95min,搅拌溶解,然后喷雾干燥,得到造粒黑陶粉体,其粒径在30~100µm范围内;
(3)用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体制备:在搅拌机中,分别加入,造粒黑陶粉体:180g,硬脂酸钙:1.2g,二丙烯三胺:0.8g,开启搅拌机转速在300转/分钟,搅拌30min,加热使温度达到130℃,在搅拌下,加入a-氰基丙烯酸酯:8g,热塑性环氧树脂:12g,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。
使用方法:将用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体材料加入到选择性激光烧结成型机的供粉缸中,铺粉滚轮将粉末材料均匀地铺在加工平面上并被加热至加工温度,激光器发出激光,计算机控制激光器的开关及扫描器的角度,使得激光束在加工平面上根据对应的二维片层形状进行扫描,激光束扫过之后,工作台下移一个层厚,再铺粉,激光束扫描,如此反复,得到激光烧结件;其中激光束在加工平面上扫描的方式为分区域扫描,激光功率为40~50W,扫描速度为1500mm/s,扫描间距为0.1~0.15mm,分层厚度为0.10~0.2mm,预热温度:50℃,加工温度为130~150℃。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)黑陶陶土预处理:将黑陶陶土晾干,研磨,过筛,粒径控制在0.2~5μm范围内,得到预处理黑陶陶土;
(2)造粒黑陶粉体制备:在反应器中,按质量百分比加入,乙醇:48%~52%,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛:0.5%~1.0%,松香树脂:0.5%~1.0%,柠檬酸三乙酯:0.1%~1.0%,搅拌溶解,再加入预处理黑陶陶土:46%~50%,各组分之和为百分之百,强力搅拌、反应80~100min,然后喷雾干燥,得到造粒黑陶粉体,其粒径在30~100μm范围内;
(3)用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体制备:在搅拌机中,按质量百分比加入,造粒黑陶粉体:88%~95%,硬脂酸钙:0.5%~1.5%,二丙烯三胺:0.2%~1.0%,开启搅拌机转速在300转/分钟,搅拌30min,加热使温度达到120~140℃,在搅拌下,加入a-氰基丙烯酸酯:2%~6%,热塑性环氧树脂:2%~6%,各组分之和为百分之百,在300转/分钟的转速下继续搅拌至温度降到室温,得到用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体,所得到的用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的粒径为40~120μm的范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的喷雾干燥,进风口温度控制在70℃,出风口温度控制在55℃,进风流量210m3/h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的热塑性环氧树脂的环氧值为0.4~0.45mol/100g之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体的制备方法所制备的激光烧结3D打印快速成型黑陶粉体。
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