CN106370400A - Integrated tester for low-light image intensifier and test method of tester - Google Patents
Integrated tester for low-light image intensifier and test method of tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN106370400A CN106370400A CN201611053042.7A CN201611053042A CN106370400A CN 106370400 A CN106370400 A CN 106370400A CN 201611053042 A CN201611053042 A CN 201611053042A CN 106370400 A CN106370400 A CN 106370400A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated tester for low-light image intensifier and a test method of the tester. The integrated tester comprises a light source, a neutral color filter, an integrating sphere, a diaphragm, a conjugate lens, a camera obscura, a parallel light pipe and a replaceable movable part; and parts except a resolution test assembly, a brightness gain assembly and a signal to noise ratio test assembly of the whole tester are shared. During parameter test, a corresponding parameter assembly is pushed into a guiding block of guide rails, so that the two guide rails are in seamless butt joint. According to the tester and test method, integrated design is used, and three technical indexes including the signal to noise ratio, the brightness gain and the resolution of the low-light image intensifier are tested in one set of instruments, namely the tester.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gleam image intensifier integration test field, specifically, it is that a kind of gleam image intensifier is comprehensively surveyed
Examination instrument and its method of testing.
Background technology
In Low-light Level Night Vision Technology, gleam image intensifier is the core devices of Low-light Level Night Vision Technology, and it is lll night vision device
The performance of material and the deciding factor of price, the performance parameter of image intensifier determines the performance of low-light night vision system.
GenerationⅢ image intensifier is the core devices constituting advanced Low-light Level Night Vision Technology, in order to characterize the property of image intensifier
Can, generally adopt the parameters such as signal to noise ratio, luminance gain and resolution.
Gleam image intensifier works under the conditions of night faint light, and the optical signal of input is very faint, and low-light picture increases
Strong device the factor such as can be inducted and be caused additional background noise due to photocathode heat emission and signal, and this additional noise makes fluorescent screen
Produce a background luminance, so that the contrast deterioration of image, serious made echo signal is submerged in this noise, therefore
Need to measure signal to noise ratio as the noise size of parameter characterization low-light image intensifying；
The major function of gleam image intensifier is to realize the faint light image of input is strengthened, and enough fluorescent screens are defeated
Going out brightness is the essential condition observing image.It is thus desirable to measurement luminance gain turns as the image of parameter characterization low-light image intensifying
Change efficiency.In incoming illumination one timing, the size that gleam image intensifier fluorescent screen exports brightness is determined by its luminance gain；
As image device, it necessarily has little image geometric distortion to gleam image intensifier, and resolution is as imager
One of aggregative indicator of part, for characterizing geometry amplification, distortion, contrast loss and modulation transfer function (MTF).
Therefore, test this three technical specifications the performance test of image intensifier and the research of assessment technology are had important
Meaning.The different instruments of the different parameter needs of existing gleam image intensifier tester test, this method complex operation, and
Three sets of test system totle drilling costs are higher.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester and its method of testing, using integration
Design, realizes the survey of three technical specifications such as the signal to noise ratio of gleam image intensifier, luminance gain, resolution in one set of instrument
Examination, therefore its system structure are all different from signal-to-noise ratio tester, luminance gain tester and the resolution tester of routine, ray machine
Structure, signal processing, test software are intended to take into account the test request of above three index.
The technical solution realizing the present invention is: a kind of gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester, including light source, neutral filter
Mating plate, integrating sphere, diaphragm, conjugated lens, camera bellows, collimator, resolution test assembly, luminance gain test suite and noise
Compare test suite；All component optical axis be located at same level plane in, the center of all devices all on this optical axis, light source, in
Property optical filter, integrating sphere, diaphragm, conjugated lens, camera bellows, collimator, rail guidance block and resolution test assembly are put successively
It is placed on the guide rail being fixed on optical table；During resolution test, resolution test assembly is pushed in rail guidance block；Survey
When examination luminance gain and signal to noise ratio, respectively resolution test assembly is replaced with luminance gain test suite or signal to noise ratio test group
Part, pushes it into guide rail and pushes in bootstrap block.
Described diaphragm adopts pinhole diaphragm, makes the luminous point projecting on gleam image intensifier cathode plane be ф 0.2mm, pin hole
Diaphragm is made up of the aperture of ф 0.2mm and two-dimentional precision adjusting mechanism, and the light from integrating sphere 3 is only limited to be in centrage by it
On the aperture of ф 0.2mm pass through；Two-dimentional precision range of accommodation is radial direction ± 4mm, and minimum scale is 0.01mm, and resolution is
0.002mm.
Described camera bellows is the light protected environment that be must provide for during measurement image intensifier signal to noise ratio parameter, due to testing signal to noise ratio
When, the signal light spot illumination being given by light supply apparatuses is 1.0 × 10-4lx, and the therefore lucifuge performance of camera bellows should be good enough, that is,
In camera bellows during capping, illumination should be 10-5lx, and camera bellows is made up of camera bellows top cover, fixture, adjustable support, planker, two before and after camera bellows
Have window on block bent plate, camera bellows is supported by the adjustable support of camera bellows bottom, by adjustable support in slide, in level
Direction adjusts camera bellows position, by lifting adjustable support, changes the height of camera bellows in vertical direction, in casing built with placement
The fixture of tested image intensifier, camera bellows inner bottom surface has the groove being available for fixture slip, adjusts the horizontal position of tested image intensifier
Put, and ensure image intensifier center height constant.
A kind of method of testing of gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester, during resolution test, resolution test assembly is pushed away
Enter rail guidance block, be allowed to be connected with collimator, change the aperture after integrating sphere into resolution test target simultaneously, beat
The source switch that opens the light adjusts optical system, observed by the eyepiece of resolution test assembly until occur clearly as；Luminance gain
During test, luminance gain test suite is pushed rail guidance block, be allowed to be connected with collimator, simultaneously will be little after integrating sphere
Hole diaphragm changes clouded glass into, opens light source switch, adjust make integrating sphere output illumination be ×-Lx, is tested by luminance meter
Luminance gain；Signal to noise ratio test when, signal to noise ratio test suite is pushed rail guidance block, be allowed to be connected with collimator it is ensured that
Be aperture after integrating sphere, open light source switch, adjust make integrating sphere output illumination be ×-Lx, adjusts optical system,
Make it possible to be able to observe that source light passes through aperture through little formed by image intensifier by the eyepiece of test suite
Bright hot spot, now measure signal to noise ratio with signal-to-noise ratio tester again.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage: (1) existing gleam image intensifier tester test different
Parameter needs different instruments, this method complex operation, and the present invention is by the test synthesiss of three kinds of technical specifications to set of system
Above it is only necessary to test purpose just can be completed by changing several parts, operation is relatively easy；(2) three sets of test system assemblies
This is higher, and testing cost is greatly reduced；(3) this device is compared with the tester testing three parameters respectively, is of moderate size；
(4) the whole series are designed with mature technology, for improving reliable realization resource-sharing.By using large scale integrated circuit and can compiling
Journey device, makes a device realize several functions, decreases intermediate link, to reduce hardware spending with software development, both can carry
High reliability increases intelligence degree again, reduces maintenance load, improves the reliability of system.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is integrated test system schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is camera bellows structure chart, wherein, 11: camera bellows top cover 12: tested image intensifier 13: fixture 14: adjustable support
15: planker 16: optics guide rail.
Specific embodiment:
Inventive principle
1st, light-source system design
The light source assembly of gleam image intensifier integrated test system is by light source 1, neutral colour filter 2, integrating sphere 3,4 groups of diaphragm
Become.In gleam image intensifier parameter measurement, the weak illumination light source of uniform diffusion is one of its critical component, because luminance gain is big
Little be directly proportional to photo cathode sensitivity, and cathode sensitivity is related to light source light spectrum composition, and therefore illuminating source adopts colour temperature
Standard a light source 1 for 2856k, and provide power supply by high precision high stability degree constant-current source.Bulb through neutral colour filter 2 dim light, then
Form uniform diffusing source after integrated ball 3, obtain illuminance scope 10-5Lx～10-1Uniform diffusion weak illumination light between lx
Source, the inhomogeneities of its light are less than 1%.
2nd, gleam image intensifier signal to noise ratio test philosophy
According to the national military standard of China regulation, during the signal to noise ratio of test image intensifier, in addition normal to light source and image intensifier
Running voltage, light source assembly produce uniform light after clouded glass, collimator again after the diaphragm of a diameter of 0.2mm
The photocathode center of image intensifier forms the luminous point of a diameter of 0.2mm, and the colour temperature of luminous point is (2856 ± 50) k, input
Illumination is 1.0 × 10-4lx.One round speck, the photoelectricity times of test suite low-dark current are formed on image intensifier fluorescent screen
Increase the brightness that pipe detects this round spot.It is mean square that the output signal of photomultiplier tube is input to mensure exchange by a low pass filter
In the test equipment of root component and DC component, the friendship of background luminance when image intensifier no input radiation is measured on same round spot
Flow component and DC component.During actual test, the incident flux of Uniform provisions standard.If deviation setting, should be repaiied
Just, the calculating of signal to noise ratio snr of image intensifier to be measured
In formula: s1For there being the DC component of continuouss photomultiplier tube output current during illumination；
n1For there being the AC compounent of continuouss photomultiplier tube output current during illumination；
s2DC component for continuouss photomultiplier tube output current during no light；
n2AC compounent for continuouss photomultiplier tube output current during no light；
E actually enters illumination for image intensifier；
A is continuouss photomultiplier tube photocathode aperture area；
K is the signal to noise ratio correction factor obtaining in 10hz equivalent bandwidth；
e0For image intensifier standard Input illumination 1.0 × 10-4lx.
3rd, resolution test principle
As image device, it necessarily has a little image geometric distortion to image intensifier, suitable geometry amplification, distortion,
Contrast loss and modulation transfer function (MTF), resolution is one of aggregative indicator of image device.The resolution of image intensifier refers to
The standard testing pattern with certain contrast is focused on the time of image tube on pole-face, with visual means from fluorescent screen every milli
Meter Shang Neng differentiates the logarithm of the chequered with black and white wide rectangle striped that must open, i.e. lp/mm.
Test process is as follows: the light irradiation usa1951 standard resolution card that light source sends, will be as becoming by collimator
Infinite point, the picture of resolution card is focused on image intensifier photocathode face object lens, will after opto-electronic conversion and enhancing
As exporting to fluorescent screen, every group of line on the picture of resolution card corresponds to one group of resolution, and constantly the picture on conversion resolution card is straight
To the limit differentiated to human eye, the now resolution of the as image tube of the corresponding resolution of picture on the fluorescent screen of image intensifier.Point
Resolution is calculated by formula (2):
In formula: r is the resolution of gleam image intensifier, unit is lp/mm；N is the highest space on corresponding resolving power test target
Frequency, unit is lp/mm；fcFor collimator focal length, unit is mm；fobImage-forming objective lens focal length, unit is mm.
4th, the test philosophy of luminance gain
Gleam image intensifier luminance gain (hereinafter referred to as luminance gain) is to evaluate gleam image intensifier image conversion efficiency
Parameter.The luminance gain of image intensifier is defined as: under standard light source illumination and gleam image intensifier rated operational voltage, glimmering
Input illumination e at the output brightness l of optical screen and photocathodevRatio.That is:
The national military standard regulation of China: during test brightness gain, clouded glass, collimator, light are passed through in the illumination that light source sends
Door screen, to image intensifier in addition normal working voltage, in the diameter of a regulation of the photocathode center of image intensifier, defeated
Entering illumination is 5.0 × 10-5The luminous point (light source is the tengsten lamp of colour temperature 2856 ± 50k) of left and right.One circle is formed on fluorescent screen
Speck, a diameter of input spot diameter of this round spot and the product of image intensifier amplification.Tested with luminance meter and detect this round spot
Brightness.Brightness gain values can be obtained by formula (3).The unit of fluoroscopic output brightness is: cd/m2, Input illumination
Unit is: lx.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further detail:
Gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester of the present invention, including light source, neutral colour filter, integrating sphere, diaphragm, conjugation thoroughly
Mirror, camera bellows, collimator and replaceable dynamic component composition.Gleam image intensifier is fixed in wedge base, and complete unit removes and divides
Distinguish outside power test suite, luminance gain assembly, signal to noise ratio test suite to be common part.By corresponding parameter group during parameter testing
Part pushes in rail guidance block, makes two guide rail slitless connections.
This low-light image intensifying integrated test system can achieve the resolving power to various model image tubes, luminance gain, signal to noise ratio
The test of three parameters.Three parameter testings are public in addition to resolution test assembly, luminance gain assembly, signal to noise ratio test suite
With part.
As shown in Figure 1-2, during parameter testing, corresponding parameter component is pushed in guide rail fixed block, make two guide rails seamless
Docking.(during such as measuring resolution, resolving power assembly 10 guide rail is pushed fixed block, realize with the common sparing of parameter testing
Dock)
Gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester is followed successively by light source 1, neutral colour filter 2, integrating sphere 3, diaphragm 4, conjugated lens
5th, camera bellows 6, collimator 7, resolution test assembly 8, luminance gain test suite 9, signal to noise ratio test suite 10, light source 1 He
Camera bellows 6 optical axis is located in same level plane, and the center of all devices is all on this optical axis；Wherein light source 1, neutral colour filter 2,
Integrating sphere 3, diaphragm 4 constitute the light-source system of test system；
Resolution measurement system test process is as follows: resolution test assembly 8 is installed to specified location, by resolution target
It is installed to specified location, 2 four gears of optical filter damper box are turned off, open light source 1 on and off switch, open camera bellows 6 lid,
The image tube fixture of respective diameters and image tube are installed, positive and negative for image tube polar curve correspondence are connected, adjust camera bellows about 6 and front and back position,
Make image tube center and conjugated lens center alignment, open optical filter damper box 2 ON/OFF gear, under dark room conditions, open image tube
Power supply, to image tube energising, observes image tube fluorescent screen, the image tube front and back position on alignment jig, makes, as the most clear, to close camera bellows box
Son；Adjust microscopical axial location, to the picture observed the most clear when.Adjust microscopical upper and lower and right position, make picture
In the centre position of visual field, observe, record, if being completed, closing image tube power supply, closing light source power, take out image tube.If continuing
Continuous test, then disconnect image tube power supply, takes out image tube, closes four gears of damper box, repeat step.
Luminance gain measuring system test process is as follows, and the target that resolution test is used is replaced by light hole；To survey
Examination unit replacement is luminance gain assembly 9, opens luminance meter switch, luminance meter serial ports is connected, open camera bellows lid, change institute
The image tube that need to test, image tube power line is connected, and shuts camera bellows lid, and optical filter damper box 2 gear is turned off, and closes room
Light, opens light source 1 on and off switch, opens the switch of optical filter damper box 2, open illumination meter battery main switch, and illumination
High-voltage switch gear on meter panel, clicks on the operation button on illumination meter panel；Adjust diaphragm make illumination meter test illumination be 5 ×
10-5lx；To electricity on image tube, after luminance meter test result shows, testing results software.
Snr measurement system test process is as follows: signal to noise ratio test suite 10 guide rail is pushed bootstrap block, surveys with parameter
The common sparing of examination achieves a butt joint, according to the national military standard regulation of China, during the signal to noise ratio of test image intensifier, by signal to noise ratio
Test suite 11 is installed to specified location；A diameter of 0.2mm aperture is installed to specified location；By optical filter damper box 2 gear
It is turned off, open light source 1 on and off switch, open illumination meter on and off switch, and high-voltage switch gear, open optical filter damper box switch
2, adjust diaphragm knob, observe illumination meter illumination and show, until illumination is shown as 1 × 10-4Lx, opens camera bellows 6 lid, installs phase
Answer image tube fixture and the image tube of diameter, positive and negative for image tube polar curve correspondence is connected, adjust camera bellows about 6 and front and back position, make image tube
Center and conjugated lens center alignment；Open all gears of optical filter damper box 2, open image tube power supply under dark room conditions, give
Image tube is energized；Mobile image tube so that image tube fluorescent screen present 1mm about luminous point, close camera bellows, adjust right side conjugated lens rotation
Button, observes luminous point by observation panel in the conjugated lens of left side, until luminous point is minimum, observation panel is flipped up 90 ° of insertions and is in the light
Piece；To photomultiplier tube plus 350v high pressure, open hv switch-mode regulation knob to 350v, open signal-to-noise ratio tester.Photomultiplier transit
The output signal of pipe is input to by a low pass filter in the test equipment measuring exchange root-mean-square component and DC component,
The AC compounent of background luminance and DC component when image intensifier no input radiation is measured on same round spot.During actual test,
Want the incident flux of Uniform provisions standard.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester it is characterised in that: include light source [1], neutral colour filter [2], integrating sphere
[3], diaphragm [4], conjugated lens [5], camera bellows [6], collimator [7], resolution test assembly [8], luminance gain test group
Part [9] and signal to noise ratio test suite [10]；All component optical axis is located in same level plane, center all heres of all devices
On optical axis, light source [1], neutral colour filter [2], integrating sphere [3], diaphragm [4], conjugated lens [5], camera bellows [6], collimator
[7], rail guidance block and resolution test assembly [8] are sequentially placed on the guide rail being fixed on optical table；Resolution is surveyed
During examination, resolution test assembly [8] is pushed in rail guidance block；When test brightness gain and signal to noise ratio, respectively by resolution
Test suite [8] replaces with luminance gain test suite [9] or signal to noise ratio test suite [10], pushes it into guide rail and pushes guiding
In block.
2. gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described diaphragm [4] adopts pin
Hole diaphragm, making to project the luminous point on gleam image intensifier cathode plane is ф 0.2mm, pinhole diaphragm by ф 0.2mm aperture and
Two-dimentional precision adjusting mechanism composition, the aperture of its ф 0.2mm on centerline by the light place of being only limited to from integrating sphere [3] leads to
Cross；Two-dimentional precision range of accommodation is radial direction ± 4mm, and minimum scale is 0.01mm, and resolution is 0.002mm.
3. gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described camera bellows [6] is by camera bellows
Top cover [11], fixture [13], adjustable support [14], planker [15] composition, have window on two blocks of bent plates before and after camera bellows [6],
Camera bellows is supported by the adjustable support [14] of camera bellows [6] bottom, by adjustable support [14] in slide, adjusts in the horizontal direction
Section camera bellows [6] position, by lift adjustable support [14], vertical direction change camera bellows [6] height, casing built with
Place the fixture [13] of tested image intensifier, camera bellows [6] inner bottom surface has the groove being available for fixture slip, adjust tested image intensifying
The horizontal level of device, and ensure image intensifier center height constant.
4. a kind of method of testing of gleam image intensifier comprehensive tester it is characterised in that: during resolution test, resolution is surveyed
Examination assembly [8] pushes rail guidance block, is allowed to be connected with collimator [7], changes the aperture [4] after integrating sphere into simultaneously
Resolution test target, opens light source switch and adjusts optical system, is observed by the eyepiece of resolution test assembly until occurring
Clearly as；During luminance gain test, luminance gain test suite [9] is pushed rail guidance block, be allowed to and collimator [7]
Connect, change the aperture [4] after integrating sphere into clouded glass simultaneously, open light source switch, adjust and make the defeated of integrating sphere [3]
Going out illumination is 5 × 10-5Lx, by luminance meter test brightness gain；During signal to noise ratio test, signal to noise ratio test suite [10] is pushed
Rail guidance block, being allowed to be connected with collimator [7] it is ensured that being aperture [4] after integrating sphere, opening light source switch, adjusting
The output illumination making integrating sphere [3] is 1 × 10-4Lx, adjusts optical system, enabling can by the eyepiece of test suite
Observe that source light passes through aperture [4] through little bright hot spot formed by image intensifier, now surveyed with signal to noise ratio again
Examination instrument measurement signal to noise ratio.
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