CN106353898B - Optical vortex generating system - Google Patents
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- CN106353898B CN106353898B CN201610932912.1A CN201610932912A CN106353898B CN 106353898 B CN106353898 B CN 106353898B CN 201610932912 A CN201610932912 A CN 201610932912A CN 106353898 B CN106353898 B CN 106353898B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0136—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour for the control of polarisation, e.g. state of polarisation [SOP] control, polarisation scrambling, TE-TM mode conversion or separation
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for light beam regulation and control, and provides an optical vortex generating system, which comprises: an excitation light source unit for generating a laser beam; a polarization modulation unit for modulating the laser beam into a circularly polarized laser beam; the optical modulation unit comprises a plurality of modulation groups, and each modulation group comprises a vortex wave plate and a half wave plate and is used for modulating the circularly polarized laser beam into optical vortex of a preset topological charge. The embodiment of the invention can modulate the laser beam into the circularly polarized laser beam, flexibly modulate the circularly polarized laser beam into the optical vortex of any topological charge, has high conversion efficiency, and simultaneously solves the problems of frequency spectrum broadening and other chromatic dispersion brought by the existing generation mode in the pulse optical vortex generation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of light beam regulation and control, and particularly relates to an optical vortex generating system.
Background
Optical vortices are a type of light beam with a helical phase distribution with a phase factor in the expression, each photon in the beam carryingWherein l is called topological charge number, < ->Is about the planck constant. In the transmission process, the beam center generates a singular point due to uncertain phase or abrupt change, and the light intensity at the singular point is zero, and the beam has no heating effect and no diffraction effect. Optical vortices and the characteristics of optical vortices, and their complexity and diversity, as well as their potential for use, have received great attention. The research subject based on the optical vortex has basic and prospective properties, has profound influence on the understanding of the nature of light, has very important scientific significance on the research of the optical vortex and the characteristics thereof, and is worthy of more extensive and intensive research.
Optical vortices have found wide and practical use due to their specificity in terms of optical angular momentum and dynamic behaviour. The optical vortex can be used not only to increase the mode volume of the laser cavity, the light guide of the light, the frequency shift, the change of angular momentum, but also as a dark soliton in the self-focusing medium. The orbital angular momentum possessed by the optical vortex is more useful for information decoding for free-space optical communications. Furthermore, optical vortices are most prominent and their use in the field of optical micromanipulation, such as optical trapping of particles and atoms, trapping and guiding particles, rotating absorbing particles, and the like.
There are a number of methods currently used to generate optical vortices, spiral bitting is the most obvious method of generating a spiral wavefront, by which plane waves can generate optical vortices with orbital angular momentum lh. Although the concept of a spiral bit photograph is simple, it requires processing ultra-precise helicoids of the order of nanometers in the optical band, and thus, other ways of generating a spiral wavefront have been proposed successively, such as a mode converter using a cylindrical mirror, a computational hologram, and the like. As refractive optics become more complex, diffractive optical elements become another option for generating optical vortices. The fork grating is capable of generating optical vortices in the first order diffraction direction, such diffractive optical elements being in fact holograms of the desired optical element, or so-called calculation holograms. The hologram that produces the spiral beam is a fork grating or spiral fresnel mirror, a technique widely implemented on commercial SLMs (Spatial Light Modulator, spatial light modulators). Compared to conventional hologram processing techniques, the SLM can simply and quickly generate holograms by dynamic modulation. In addition, there are other methods such as non-uniform anisotropic elements, sub-wavelength dielectric gratings, and metallic nanoantennas.
However, the above-described generation of optical vortices faces several common problems: firstly, the conversion efficiency is low, and the energy utilization rate of generating optical vortex is not more than 50%; secondly, the flexibility of the device-based adjustment method is not high enough, and the conversion between the optical vortexes of different topologies is generally difficult to realize; thirdly, because of the high time resolution of the pulse, in the process of modulating the femtosecond laser in the above way, the problem of dispersion such as beam spectrum broadening is caused because multiple optical devices are required to pass repeatedly in the generating process, thereby seriously affecting the peak value and time resolution of the femtosecond laser pulse.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low conversion efficiency and chromatic dispersion causing the spread of a light beam spectrum in the existing generation mode of optical vortex.
The invention is realized in that an optical vortex generating system comprises:
an excitation light source unit for generating a laser beam;
a polarization modulation unit for modulating the laser beam into a circularly polarized laser beam;
the optical modulation unit comprises a plurality of modulation groups, and each modulation group comprises a vortex wave plate and a half wave plate and is used for modulating the circularly polarized laser beam into optical vortex of a preset topological charge.
Further, the polarization modulation unit comprises a first polaroid and a quarter wave plate, wherein an included angle between the long axis direction of the quarter wave plate and the polarization direction of the first polaroid is pi/4.
Further, the generating system further comprises a light splitting unit, a light path compensation unit, a reflecting unit, a polarization unit and a beam combining unit;
the light splitting unit is used for splitting the laser beam generated by the excitation light source unit into a modulated beam and a detection beam;
the reflection unit is used for adjusting the path of the modulated light beam so that the modulated light beam is incident to the polarization modulation unit according to a preset path;
the polarization modulation unit is used for modulating the modulated light beam into a circularly polarized laser beam;
the optical modulation unit is used for modulating the circularly polarized laser beam into an optical vortex with a preset topological charge to be incident to the polarization unit;
the polarization unit is used for carrying out polarization modulation on the optical vortex and then making the optical vortex enter the beam combining unit;
the optical path compensation unit is used for carrying out optical path compensation on the detection light beam so that the detection light beam subjected to optical path compensation and the optical vortex synchronously enter the beam combining unit;
and the beam combining unit is used for combining the detection light beam subjected to optical path compensation with the optical vortex to obtain a combined light beam.
Further, the optical path compensation unit includes a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror, a fourth mirror, and a second polarizer;
the detection light beam is incident to the second polaroid after light path adjustment is carried out on the detection light beam by the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror in sequence;
and the detection light beam with the light path adjusted is subjected to polarization modulation by the second polaroid and then is incident to the beam combining unit.
Further, the fast axis direction of the vortex wave plate continuously rotates along the circumference of the vortex wave plate, and the change angle of the fast axis direction around the circumference is pi.
Further, the optical axis of the vortex wave plate coincides with the optical axis of the circularly polarized laser beam.
Further, the vortex wave plate is a liquid crystal half wave plate.
Further, when it is desired to generate an optical vortex with a phase that varies clockwise, the half-wave plates of the last group of modulation groups in the optical modulation unit are retained.
Further, when it is required to generate a femtosecond column vector beam with a phase changing counterclockwise, the half-wave plate of the last group of modulation groups in the optical modulation unit is removed.
Further, the light splitting unit is a polarization insensitive device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the embodiment of the invention, the laser beam generated by the excitation light source unit is modulated into the circularly polarized laser beam, and the circularly polarized laser beam is modulated into the optical vortex of the preset topological charge by the optical modulation unit. The embodiment of the invention can modulate the laser beam into the circularly polarized laser beam, flexibly modulate the circularly polarized laser beam into the optical vortex of any topological charge, has high conversion efficiency, and simultaneously solves the problems of frequency spectrum broadening and other chromatic dispersion brought by the existing generation mode in the pulse optical vortex generation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical vortex generating system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic diagram of an optical vortex generating system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical vortex generating system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic diagram of an optical vortex generating system according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic view of the fast axis direction of a vortex waveplate;
FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of the fast axis direction of the half wave plate;
FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of an optical vortex with a topology charge of 1;
FIG. 6b is a schematic diagram of the phase distribution of an optical vortex with a topology charge of 3;
FIG. 7a is a fork grating fringe produced by interference of a linearly polarized optical vortex with linearly polarized light with a topology charge of 1;
fig. 7b is a fork grating fringe resulting from interference of a linearly polarized optical vortex with linearly polarized light with a topological charge of 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The principle related to the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the jones matrix for a circularly polarized laser beam can be expressed as:
jones matrix M of clockwise varying vortex wave plate 1 Expressed as:
taking a right-handed circularly polarized laser beam as an example, the jones matrix of the beam generated after passing through the modulation group including the vortex plate and the half-wave plate can be expressed as:
that is, a topological charge in which the bit phase plane changes in the counterclockwise direction is-1 optical vortex. The jones matrix after half-wave plate insertion after the above described modulation group can be modulated as:
at this time, the incident right-handed circularly polarized laser beam is modulated as:
that is, a topology load in which the phase plane changes in the clockwise direction is generated as 1 optical vortex.
Likewise, to generate an optical vortex of topology charge l that varies counterclockwise (here we define the topology charge of the phase varying clockwise as positive and the topology charge of the phase varying counterclockwise as negative), the jones matrix M of the required modulation set is expressed as:
wherein, I is listed in tableShowing the topological charge that creates the optical vortex. To obtain a topology charge of l optical vortices with a phase plane varying in the clockwise direction, a jones matrix M of the modulation group is required l’ Expressed as:
wherein H is 0 A half-wave plate representing the fast axis in the horizontal direction, the jones matrix is expressed as:
to generate optical vortices of higher topology charge, the following relationship exists between the jones matrices of the modulation group:
M l ＝M l-1 H 0 M 1 (9)
from the above formula, it can be found that: for the optical vortex needing to generate any high-topology charge, the optical vortex of the bottom-topology charge can be generated by combining modulation of a modulation group; alternatively, the optical vortices for negative topological charges may be generated by modulating the optical vortices for positive topological charges with a half-wave plate.
Based on the above principle, the embodiment of the invention generates optical vortex of arbitrary topological charges by using the modulation group of the vortex wave plate and the half wave plate combination. As shown in fig. 1, an optical vortex generating system includes:
an excitation light source unit 101 for generating a laser beam;
a polarization modulation unit 102 for modulating the laser beam into a circularly polarized laser beam;
an optical modulation unit 103 for modulating the circularly polarized laser beam into an optical vortex of a preset topological charge.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the polarization modulation unit 102 includes a first polarizer 1021 and a quarter wave plate 1022, and an angle between a long axis direction of the quarter wave plate 1022 and a polarization direction of the first polarizer 1021 is pi/4. The laser beam generated by the excitation light source unit 101 is generally like elliptical polarization, and thus it is required to be modulated into circular polarization by the polarization modulation unit 102.
The optical modulation unit 103 comprises a plurality of modulation groups 1031, and each modulation group 1031 comprises a vortex wave plate and a half wave plate;
the modulation group 1031 is used for modulating the incident circularly polarized laser beam into an optical vortex of a preset topological charge.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the laser beam generated by the excitation light source unit 101 is modulated into a circularly polarized laser beam by the polarization modulation unit 102, and then the circularly polarized laser beam is modulated into an optical vortex of a preset topological charge after passing through a modulation group formed by the vortex wave plate and the half wave plate. In this embodiment, the vortex wave plate is a liquid crystal half wave plate that continuously rotates along the wave circumference in the fast axis direction, and the laser transmittance of the liquid crystal half wave plate is as high as 99%, so that the incident circularly polarized laser beam can be modulated into an optical vortex with high efficiency and high purity by the modulation group 1031.
The optical vortex generating system provided by the embodiment can be used for generating optical vortices of any topological charges and is also suitable for the field of pulse laser.
As shown in fig. 3, another optical vortex generating system provided by the present invention includes:
an excitation light source unit 201 for generating a laser beam;
a light-splitting unit 202 for splitting the laser beam generated by the excitation light source unit 201 into a modulated beam and a detection beam;
a reflection unit 203, configured to adjust a path of the modulated light beam, so that the modulated light beam is incident on the polarization modulation unit 204 according to a preset path;
a polarization modulation unit 204 for modulating the modulated light beam into a circularly polarized laser beam. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the polarization modulation unit 204 includes a first polarizer 2041 and a quarter-wave plate 2042, and an angle between the long axis direction of the quarter-wave plate 2041 and the polarization direction of the first polarizer 2041 is pi/4.
An optical modulation unit 205, configured to modulate the circularly polarized laser beam into an optical vortex with a preset topological charge, and make the optical vortex incident on a polarization unit 206. Specifically, the optical modulation unit 205 includes a plurality of modulation groups 2051, and each modulation group 2051 includes a vortex wave plate and a half wave plate, and in practical application, the starting directions of the vortex wave plate fast axes in all modulation groups are consistent.
A polarization unit 206, configured to polarize the optical vortex and make the polarized optical vortex incident on the beam combining unit 207;
the optical path compensation unit 208 is configured to perform optical path compensation on the detection beam, so that the detection beam after the optical path compensation and the optical vortex are incident on the beam combining unit 207 synchronously. As shown in fig. 4, the optical path compensation unit 208 includes a first mirror 2081, a second mirror 2082, a third mirror 2083, a fourth mirror 2084, and a second polarizer 2085, and the detection light beam is incident on the second polarizer 2085 after being sequentially subjected to optical path adjustment by the first mirror 2081, the second mirror 2082, the third mirror 2083, and the fourth mirror 2084, and is incident on the beam combining unit 207 after being subjected to polarization adjustment by the second polarizer 2085.
And a beam combining unit 207 configured to combine the optical vortex with the detection beam after the optical path compensation to obtain a combined beam. In this embodiment, in order to detect the topological load of the optical vortex, the beam combining unit 207 combines the optical vortex with the detection beam after optical path length compensation, and then enters an external detection system. Because the optical vortex and the detection beam are interfered, a fork grating is generated, and the fork number of the generated fork grating represents the topological charge number of the optical vortex. The beam-combined beam obtained after beam combination by the beam-combining unit 207 is incident to an external detection system, the external detection system compares the fork number of the obtained fork grating with the topological load of the expected design, if the two values are the same, the optical vortex is proved to be the expected optical vortex, and if the two values are inconsistent, the optical vortex can be judged to be the unexpected optical vortex.
The laser light source unit 201 is configured to generate a laser beam, and the polarization modulation unit 204 is configured to modulate an incident modulated beam into a circularly polarized laser beam. The excitation light source unit 201 employs a laser, which may be a continuous laser or a pulse laser, and the polarization modulation unit 204 includes a first polarizing plate 2041 and a quarter wave plate 2042.
In the specific implementation process, the circularly polarized laser beam is modulated into an optical vortex with a topology charge of 1 after passing through the first group modulation group of the optical adjustment unit 205, and the optical vortex with the topology charge of 1 is modulated into an optical vortex with the topology charge of m after passing through the (m-1) group modulation group; and removing the last half wave plate in the light path generated by the optical vortex with the topological charge of m, so that the optical vortex with the topological charge of-m can be modulated.
Taking a right-hand circularly polarized laser beam as an example, the right-hand circularly polarized laser beam enters the optical modulation unit 205, and is modulated into an optical vortex with the polarization direction opposite to that of the incident circularly polarized laser beam and the topological charge of m after being modulated by different numbers of (l=m) modulation groups; in the case of the half-wave plates of the last set of modulation groups being removed, the modulation generates an optical vortex of-m topology that maintains a uniform polarization with the incident circularly polarized light. The modulation result of the left-hand circularly polarized laser beam is opposite to that of the left-hand circularly polarized laser beam; by changing the angle (pi/2) of the quarter wave plate, conversion of the left-right circularly polarized laser beam can be achieved. Specifically, the positive and negative of the optical vortex topological charge is only related to the last half-wave plate of the last modulation group, and the half-wave plate in the last modulation group is reserved to obtain an optical vortex with the topological charge of l, the phase change of which changes clockwise; and removing the last half wave plate of the last group of modulation groups to obtain the optical vortex with the topological charge of-l, wherein the phase of the optical vortex changes anticlockwise.
The optical path compensation unit 208 in this embodiment is configured to perform optical path compensation on the detection beam, and the detection beam after optical path compensation is incident to the beam combining unit 207 in synchronization with the generated optical vortex, because in practical application, the optical vortex interferes with the linearly polarized light to generate a fork grating, and the generated fork number represents the topology sum of the optical vortex, so that the topology load of the optical vortex can be conveniently detected.
In this embodiment, the devices used in each unit are shown in fig. 4, in which the reflecting unit 203 adopts a reflecting mirror, the optical path compensating unit 208 adopts four reflecting mirrors and one polarizing plate to perform optical compensation, the beam combining unit 207 is a beam splitter, and the polarizing unit 206 is a polarizing plate, specifically, when the fast axis of the vortex wave plate rotates around the circumference of the wave plate, the angle of the fast axis changes by pi, which can be used to modulate the topological charge number change 1 of the optical vortex. The basic beam modulation structure of the present embodiment, i.e. how many modulation groups are needed to form the optical modulation unit 205, can be determined according to the topological charge number of the optical vortex that needs to be generated. The embodiment can also perform reduced order modulation on the topological charge of the optical vortex. For example: the l (l=m-n) order femtosecond column vector beam can be generated by optical vortex with the topological charge of m through n vortex wave plates modulation in sequence.
It should be noted that during the modulation process, each vortex wave plate needs to be modulated coaxially, wherein the starting direction of the vortex wave plate fast axis is kept consistent. It should be further noted that, since the half-wave plates of the modulation group in the optical modulation unit 205 are used for modulating the polarization direction of the output light beam, when it is required to generate an optical vortex whose polarization direction is consistent with that of the incident circularly polarized light, the last half-wave plate along the optical path should be removed; when the polarization direction of the optical vortex created by the desired modulation is opposite to the incident polarization, the last half-wave plate along the optical path should remain.
With the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a change in the direction of the phase change without changing the optical vortex topology charge by only rotationally adjusting the direction change pi/2 of the quarter wave plate. Fig. 5a and 5b are schematic diagrams of fast axis direction distribution of the vortex wave plate and the half wave plate, respectively. Fig. 6a and 6b are schematic diagrams of optical vortex phase distributions with topological charges of 1 and 3, respectively. Figures 7a and 7b are fork grating fringes produced by interference of linear polarization optical vortices with topological charges 1 and 3, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the vortex wave plate combination with the fast axis direction continuously changed along the circumference of the wave plate can generate optical vortex with high efficiency, high purity and high stability of any topological load by modulating circular polarized laser beams, so that the modulation of a light field is realized, and the technology has great significance in the front-edge fields of processing, communication, optical control, surface-enhanced Raman scattering research and the like.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A system for generating optical vortices, the system comprising:
an excitation light source unit for generating a laser beam;
a polarization modulation unit for modulating the laser beam into a circularly polarized laser beam;
the optical modulation unit comprises a plurality of modulation groups, each modulation group comprises a vortex wave plate and a half wave plate, the vortex wave plates are liquid crystal half wave plates which continuously rotate along the wave circumference in the fast axis direction and are used for modulating the circularly polarized laser beams into optical vortices with preset topological charges, and in the modulation process, the vortex wave plates are coaxially modulated, wherein the initial directions of the fast axes of the vortex wave plates are kept consistent.
2. The generating system of claim 1, wherein the polarization modulating unit comprises a first polarizer and a quarter wave plate, and an angle between a long axis direction of the quarter wave plate and a polarization direction of the first polarizer is pi/4.
3. The generating system according to claim 2, further comprising a light splitting unit, an optical path compensating unit, a reflecting unit, a polarizing unit, and a beam combining unit;
the light splitting unit is used for splitting the laser beam generated by the excitation light source unit into a modulated beam and a detection beam;
the reflection unit is used for adjusting the path of the modulated light beam so that the modulated light beam is incident to the polarization modulation unit according to a preset path;
the polarization modulation unit is used for modulating the modulated light beam into a circularly polarized laser beam;
the optical modulation unit is used for modulating the circularly polarized laser beam into an optical vortex with a preset topological charge to be incident to the polarization unit;
the polarization unit is used for carrying out polarization modulation on the optical vortex and then making the optical vortex enter the beam combining unit;
the optical path compensation unit is used for carrying out optical path compensation on the detection light beam so that the detection light beam subjected to optical path compensation and the optical vortex synchronously enter the beam combining unit;
and the beam combining unit is used for combining the detection light beam subjected to optical path compensation with the optical vortex to obtain a combined light beam.
4. The generating system according to claim 3, wherein the optical path compensating unit includes a first mirror, a second mirror, a third mirror, a fourth mirror, and a second polarizer;
the detection light beam is incident to the second polaroid after light path adjustment is carried out on the detection light beam by the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror in sequence;
and the detection light beam with the light path adjusted is subjected to polarization modulation by the second polaroid and then is incident to the beam combining unit.
5. The generating system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fast axis direction of the vortex waveplate continuously rotates around the circumference of the vortex waveplate, the fast axis direction varying by an angle pi around the circumference.
6. The generating system of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein an optical axis of the vortex waveplate coincides with an optical axis of the circularly polarized laser beam.
7. The generating system of claim 1, wherein the half-wave plates of the last set of modulation groups in the optical modulation unit remain when optical vortices whose phase varies clockwise are desired to be generated.
8. The generating system of claim 1, wherein the half-wave plates of the last set of modulation groups in the optical modulation unit are removed when it is desired to generate a femtosecond column vector beam whose phase varies counterclockwise.
9. The generating system of claim 4, wherein the spectroscopic unit is a polarization insensitive device.
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| CN107085309B (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2020-08-04 | 中国人民解放军陆军军官学院 | Method for generating various high-power column vector polarized light beams based on spiral wave plate |
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| CN107565352B (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2019-04-12 | 南京大学 | A kind of laser exporting the tunable Laguerre Gaussian beam of 1064nm |
| JP7199669B2 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2023-01-06 | 国立大学法人長岡技術科学大学 | Light-generating device, exposure apparatus provided with light-generating device, exposure system, light-generating method, and exposure photoresist manufacturing method |
| CN108089267B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2019-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of optical-fiber type broadband light vortex converter |
| WO2020133325A1 (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-07-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical transmission device and method |
| WO2021174476A1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-10 | 深圳大学 | Focusing vortex beam generator and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN111899907B (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2022-12-27 | 上海大学 | Conveying device |
| CN112859354A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-28 | 江苏科技大学 | Laser cleaning device based on light field regulation and control technology |
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