CN106353206B - Quick closing device for air cannon - Google Patents
Quick closing device for air cannon Download PDFInfo
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- CN106353206B CN106353206B CN201610945391.3A CN201610945391A CN106353206B CN 106353206 B CN106353206 B CN 106353206B CN 201610945391 A CN201610945391 A CN 201610945391A CN 106353206 B CN106353206 B CN 106353206B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quick closing device for an air cannon, which comprises a high-pressure air chamber and a transmitting pipe, wherein the quick closing device comprises a quick closing air chamber, an auxiliary air chamber, an I-shaped piston and a membrane breaker, the quick closing air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are separated by a high-pressure diaphragm, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are separated by a baffle, two ends of the I-shaped piston are respectively arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber, and the membrane breaker is arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and fixedly connected with the I-shaped piston; according to the quick closing device for the air cannon, the high-pressure diaphragm between the auxiliary air chamber and the quick closing air chamber is triggered through the membrane breaker, so that the piston can quickly close a channel between the high-pressure air chamber and the transmitting pipe, the positive pressure action time of shock waves loaded on a test piece is shortened, the positive pressure action time of the shock waves can be adjusted by adjusting parameters of the quick closing device, and series of tests of different positive pressure action times under the same overpressure peak loading condition of the shock waves are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shock wave simulation loading tests, in particular to a quick closing device for an air cannon.
Background
In the fields of national defense and industrial production, it is often necessary to perform a shock wave simulation loading test on a test object, such as an impact test of an explosion-proof building and structure, a shock wave loading test of a protection device, and the like. The general explosion shock wave loading method comprises direct field explosion and loading by adopting an explosion wave simulation device.
The blast wave simulation device is a test device capable of carrying out blast wave loading test on engineering structures and weaponry, and the driving mode can adopt explosive driving and high-pressure gas driving. Considering that the explosive wave simulation device driven by explosive has complex safety approval program, the requirement on the system safety design is higher, and the method for realizing the shock wave loading by adopting high-pressure gas driving is a good test method in the civil structure shock resistance and protection research field.
The explosion wave simulator adopting a high-pressure gas driving mode has the same implementation principle, structure and triggering mechanism as those of a primary air cannon, and the primary air cannon consists of a transmitting tube, a high-pressure air chamber and a release mechanism (triggering mechanism), wherein the two are different in that: when the device is used for blast simulation, no projectile is filled between a high-pressure air chamber and a transmitting tube of the blast simulation device. During the experiment, firstly, the high-pressure air chamber is filled with air, after the air pressure in the air chamber reaches a certain value, the high-pressure air chamber is quickly communicated with the transmitting tube through the release mechanism, the high-pressure air is loaded onto a tested piece in a designated test area after passing through the transmitting tube, and a shock wave with a certain overpressure peak value and a certain positive pressure action time is loaded on the surface of the tested piece, so that the explosion wave loading test is completed.
However, the technology of using the primary air cannon structure for blast wave simulation still has a significant problem in application: the blast wave simulation device based on the air cannon technology can realize the controllability of the overpressure peak value P of the shock wave by adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure air chamber; however, once the device structure is set, the positive pressure action time t of the shock wave in the test is not controllable, and the shock wave waveform chart acting on the test piece is shown in fig. 1.
In order to make the overpressure of the shock wave acting on the test piece reach a certain peak value P, the blast wave simulator based on the primary air cannon structure needs to be based on the volume V of the high-pressure air chamber 0 Volume V of the emitter tube 1 Determining the inflation pressure P of the high-pressure air chamber according to a gas state equation 0 The gas state equation is:
P 0 V 0 γ ＝P(V 0 +V 1 ) γ
where γ is the gas insulation coefficient. When the air cannon structure is fixed, in order to reach the overpressure peak value P, the pressure P of the high-pressure air chamber can be calculated 0 。
Volume V of high pressure air chamber after air cannon is manufactured and assembled 0 Fixed, and the caliber of the gas flowing out of the high-pressure gas chamber is fixed, so that a certain pressure P is achieved 0 The time of the high-pressure gas passing through the transmitting tube is determined, namely the positive pressure action time t of the shock wave is fixed. For common primary air cannons, a larger overpressure peak value P of shock waves is not obtained, and the pressure P in a high-pressure air chamber is not obtained 0 The time to release the gas in the high pressure gas, i.e. the positive pressure application time, is typically in the order of seconds. The positive pressure acting time generated by the conventional explosive is generally in the order of tens of milliseconds, which makes the blast wave simulation device based on the primary air cannon structure difficult to be used for simulating the shock wave generated by the explosion of the conventional explosive.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above problems by providing a quick closing device for an air cannon.
The invention realizes the above purpose through the following technical scheme:
the quick closing device comprises a quick closing air chamber, an auxiliary air chamber, an I-shaped piston and a membrane breaker, wherein the quick closing air chamber, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are sequentially connected, the quick closing air chamber is separated from the auxiliary air chamber through a high-pressure membrane, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are separated through a baffle, a through hole is formed in the center of the baffle, the I-shaped piston penetrates through the through hole, two ends of the I-shaped piston are respectively arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber, and the membrane breaker is arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and fixedly connected with the I-shaped piston;
the 'I' -shaped piston comprises a pressure regulating piston, a piston rod and a sealing piston, wherein the pressure regulating piston is arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and divides the auxiliary air chamber into a pressure regulating cavity and a damping cavity, the membrane breaker is positioned in the pressure regulating cavity and fixedly connected with the pressure regulating piston, the sealing piston is arranged in the high pressure air chamber and coaxially arranged with an air inlet of the transmitting tube, a first end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the pressure regulating piston, and a second end of the piston rod penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the sealing piston;
specifically, the diameter of the pressure regulating piston is equal to the inner diameter of the auxiliary air chamber, the pressure regulating piston is in sealing and sliding connection with the inner side wall of the auxiliary air chamber, the diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the through hole, the piston rod is in sealing and sliding connection with the inner side wall of the through hole, and the diameter of the sealing piston is larger than the inner diameter of the air inlet of the transmitting tube.
Preferably, the air pipes connected with the quick closing air chamber, the pressure regulating cavity, the damping cavity and the high-pressure air chamber are respectively provided with a quick closing air valve, a pressure regulating air valve, a damping air valve and a high-pressure air valve.
Further, the membrane breaker is connected with the pressure regulating piston through an adjustable screw.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the quick closing device for the air cannon, the high-pressure diaphragm between the auxiliary air chamber and the quick closing air chamber is triggered through the membrane breaker, so that the piston can quickly close a channel between the high-pressure air chamber and the transmitting pipe, the positive pressure action time of shock waves loaded on a test piece is shortened, the positive pressure action time of the shock waves can be adjusted by adjusting parameters of the quick closing device, and series of tests of different positive pressure action times under the same overpressure peak loading condition of the shock waves are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a waveform of a shock wave of an air cannon acting on a test piece for a quick closure for an air cannon in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a quick closing apparatus for an air cannon according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the air cannon of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figures 2 and 3, the quick closing device for the air cannon comprises a high-pressure air chamber and a transmitting pipe, wherein the quick closing device, the high-pressure air chamber and the transmitting pipe are communicated in series, the quick closing device comprises a quick closing air chamber, an auxiliary air chamber, an 'I' -shaped piston and a membrane breaker, the quick closing air chamber, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are sequentially connected, the quick closing air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are separated by a high-pressure membrane, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are separated by a baffle, a through hole is formed in the center of the baffle, an 'I' -shaped piston penetrates through the through hole, two ends of the 'I' -shaped piston are respectively arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber, and the membrane breaker is arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and fixedly connected with the 'I' -shaped piston;
the I-shaped piston comprises a pressure regulating piston, a piston rod and a sealing piston, wherein the pressure regulating piston is arranged in an auxiliary air chamber and divides the auxiliary air chamber into a pressure regulating cavity and a damping cavity, the membrane breaker is positioned in the pressure regulating cavity and is fixedly connected with the pressure regulating piston, the sealing piston is arranged in a high-pressure air chamber and is coaxially arranged with an air inlet of the transmitting tube, a first end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the pressure regulating piston, and a second end of the piston rod penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the sealing piston;
the diameter of the pressure regulating piston is equal to the inner diameter of the auxiliary air chamber, the pressure regulating piston is in sealing sliding connection with the inner side wall of the auxiliary air chamber, the diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the through hole, the piston rod is in sealing sliding connection with the inner side wall of the through hole, the diameter of the sealing piston is larger than the inner diameter of the air inlet of the transmitting pipe, the air pipes connected with the quick closing air chamber, the pressure regulating cavity, the damping cavity and the high-pressure air chamber are respectively provided with a quick closing air valve, a pressure regulating air valve, a damping air valve and a high-pressure air valve, and the membrane breaker is connected with the pressure regulating piston through an adjustable screw.
The invention relates to a quick closing device for an air cannon, which has the following working principle:
step 1): filling gas into the pressure regulating cavity through the pressure regulating air valve to enable the pressure P of the pressure regulating cavity to be the same as the pressure P 2 Is greater than the air pressure P in the damping cavity 1 And:
P 2 ×S 2 >P 1 ×S 1
at this time, the pressure-regulating piston is pressed by the air pressureMoving forward until the sealing piston compresses and blocks the air inlet of the emission tube, closing the high-pressure air chamber, S 2 S is the contact area between the pressure regulating piston and the pressure regulating cavity 1 The contact area between the pressure regulating piston and the damping cavity is;
step 2): the high-pressure air valve is used for filling air into the high-pressure air chamber, so that the air pressure in the high-pressure air chamber reaches the pressure P required by the test 0 ；
Step 3): high-pressure gas is filled into the quick closing gas chamber through the quick closing gas valve, so that the gas pressure in the quick closing gas chamber reaches P 3 And P is 3 The burst pressure is smaller than that of the high-pressure diaphragm;
step 4): the gas in the pressure regulating cavity is rapidly discharged through the pressure regulating air valve, so that the high-pressure gas in the pressure regulating cavity is rapidly discharged, and the pressure P in the pressure regulating cavity is realized 2 Rapidly drop to P 2 ' the pressure difference between the left and right sides of the piston is reversed and there is
P 2 ′×S 2 <P 1 ×S 1
At this time, the piston moves backward rapidly, the sealing piston leaves the air inlet of the transmitting tube, and the air in the high-pressure air chamber enters the transmitting tube immediately and is loaded on the test piece in front of the transmitting tube through the transmitting tube.
In practical test, the length of the adjustable screw rod is changed to adjust the time t from the sealing plug 17 leaving the air inlet of the launching tube 14 to the rupture disk 6 striking the high pressure membrane 3 after the air cannon is opened 1 ；
Changing the pressure P of the quick closing chamber 1 3 The air pressure P in the damping cavity can be adjusted in the quick closing process 2 Changing the moving speed of the right side of the piston 16, and further adjusting the time t from the impact of the membrane breaker 6 on the high-pressure membrane 3 to the compression of the sealing plug 17 on the interface of the transmitting tube 14 2 . The two times determine the opening time t of the air cannon on ＝t 1 +t 2 While the positive pressure action time t of the shock wave loaded on the test piece 15 is proportional to the opening time t of the air cannon on . The conventional air cannon is not provided with a closing function.
When the air cannon provided by the invention is used for carrying out an explosion wave simulation test, the air cannon with the quick closing function can realize the quick closing of the air cannon after being opened, and the positive pressure action time of the shock wave is reduced, so that the shock wave generated by the explosion of the conventional explosive can be simulated. In addition, the opening time of the air cannon can be adjusted by adjusting the two parameters, so that the positive pressure action time of the shock wave can be adjusted. Compared with the traditional air cannon structure, the air cannon with the quick closing function is more suitable for the blast wave simulation generated by the explosion of the conventional explosive.
The invention has the main structural characteristics that:
(1) The air cannon with the quick closing function is provided with a quick closing air chamber 1, the quick closing air chamber 1 is separated from an auxiliary air chamber exhaust cavity 5 by a high-pressure membrane 3, and the quick closing air chamber 1 is provided with a high-pressure air inlet and outlet;
(2) The air cannon with the quick closing function is characterized in that a trigger piston 16 is connected with a membrane breaker 6 through a screw rod with adjustable length;
(3) The air cannon with the quick closing function can realize the quick opening of the piston 16 mechanism by quickly releasing the high-pressure gas in the auxiliary air chamber exhaust cavity 5 after the cannon opening requirement is met; the membrane breaker 6 on the piston 16 impacts the high-pressure membrane 3 after the blasting, the high-pressure gas of the quick closing air chamber 1 causes the piston 16 to move reversely, the sealing plug 17 quickly plugs the launching tube 14, and the quick closing of the air blasting is realized;
(4) According to the air cannon with the quick closing function, the piston 16 is connected with the membrane breaker 6 by the adjustable screw rod 8, and the length of the adjustable screw rod 8 is variable, so that the time for the membrane breaker 6 to strike the high-pressure membrane 3 after blasting is adjustable;
(5) The air cannon with the quick closing function has the advantages that the pressure in the quick closing air chamber 1 is adjustable, so that after the high-pressure membrane 3 is broken, the speed of the reverse movement of the piston 16 mechanism is adjustable;
(6) This patent has adopted quick closing device for the sealing plug 17 on the piston 16 mechanism can quick self-closing launching tube 14 after the air cannon is opened the big gun, and the length of the pressure of the quick shutoff air chamber 1 of the duration accessible and adjustable screw rod 8 of opening of air cannon is adjusted.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A quick closing device for air cannon, air cannon includes high-pressure air chamber and launching tube, its characterized in that: the quick closing device comprises a quick closing air chamber, an auxiliary air chamber, an 'I' -shaped piston and a membrane breaker, wherein the quick closing air chamber, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are sequentially connected, the quick closing air chamber and the auxiliary air chamber are separated by a high-pressure diaphragm, the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber are separated by a baffle, a through hole is formed in the center of the baffle, the 'I' -shaped piston penetrates through the through hole, two ends of the 'I' -shaped piston are respectively arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and the high-pressure air chamber, and the membrane breaker is arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and fixedly connected with the 'I' -shaped piston;
the 'I' -shaped piston comprises a pressure regulating piston, a piston rod and a sealing piston, wherein the pressure regulating piston is arranged in the auxiliary air chamber and divides the auxiliary air chamber into a pressure regulating cavity and a damping cavity, the membrane breaker is positioned in the pressure regulating cavity and fixedly connected with the pressure regulating piston, the sealing piston is arranged in the high pressure air chamber and coaxially arranged with an air inlet of the transmitting tube, a first end of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the pressure regulating piston, and a second end of the piston rod penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the sealing piston;
the diameter of the pressure regulating piston is equal to the inner diameter of the auxiliary air chamber, the pressure regulating piston is in sealing sliding connection with the inner side wall of the auxiliary air chamber, the diameter of the piston rod is equal to the inner diameter of the through hole, the piston rod is in sealing sliding connection with the inner side wall of the through hole, the diameter of the sealing piston is larger than the inner diameter of the air inlet of the transmitting pipe, the air pipes connected with the quick closing air chamber, the pressure regulating cavity, the damping cavity and the high-pressure air chamber are respectively provided with a quick closing air valve, a pressure regulating air valve, a damping air valve and a high-pressure air valve, and the membrane breaker is connected with the pressure regulating piston through an adjustable screw.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610945391.3A CN106353206B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Quick closing device for air cannon |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610945391.3A CN106353206B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Quick closing device for air cannon |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106353206A CN106353206A (en) | 2017-01-25 |
| CN106353206B true CN106353206B (en) | 2023-08-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610945391.3A Active CN106353206B (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2016-10-26 | Quick closing device for air cannon |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108344552B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2023-12-29 | 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所 | Separated experimental equipment for researching high-temperature high-speed impact response of structure |
| CN109781372A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-05-21 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | A kind of emitter for high magnitude thump physical test |
| CN114427949B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2024-05-14 | 黑龙江省体育科学研究所 | Angle-adjustable low-speed air push rod device and use method thereof |
| CN114754963B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2022-08-26 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Multistage air gun metal diaphragm filling system for airplane high-speed impact power test |
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