RU2452931C1 - Gun to throw birds and other foreign matters in testing aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises barrel, receiver with safety valve, breech block, cartridge charged with bird, gun mount, control unit and compressed gas cylinder frame. Note here that breech block is arranged on barrel breech side and incorporates built-in fast valve made up of piston with central bore. Note also that breech block body is provided with air-operated contactless trigger and fire preventer with mechanism to close receiver before and after fire. Piston houses insert with its front furnished with guide vanes for air flowing into barrel after fire. Insert rear end is provided with coil. Flexible tie passes through central hole of said coil. One end of said tie is secured to coil and another is attached to cartridge. Note also that barrel is arranged inside receiver.

EFFECT: faster preparation for shooting and higher trigger reliability.

7 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aircraft construction and flight safety and can be used to study the processes of impact interaction of aircraft structural elements in a collision with a bird or other foreign objects.

To simulate impact in flight conditions and give the simulator a predetermined speed, pneumatic devices or guns are used to launch with different lengths.

Known devices in the form of a pneumatic gun designed to throw carcasses of medium and large birds at the entrance to the gas turbine engine (Pavlov Yu.I., Shayn Yu.Ya., Abramov BI “Design of test benches for aircraft engines”, p. 69-71, Fig. 4.5). They differ in their designation for flocks of small birds weighing up to 150 grams multi-barreled to simulate hits and single-barrels for casting birds weighing up to 2 kilograms. The device contains a receiver of compressed air, a quick-acting ball valve, interchangeable shafts, a hollow piston, an emphasis to stop the piston. Such devices allow casting a bird carcass up to 2 kilograms at a speed of up to 100 m / s.

The main disadvantage of the known device is the limited speed of the shot.

A device is known (Russian patent dated 04/20/2010 No. 2386938, IPC ⁷ G01M 7/08), in which a projectile made in the form of a model of the skeleton and the internal cavity of a bird is also ejected by an air gun at an insufficient speed, and the impact is insufficient for the impact of the simulator on the test element of the test object.

Also known is a device in the form of an air gun designed for impact testing of aircraft structures with bird carcasses weighing up to 3.6 kg. The device consists of a smooth barrel, which directs the packed bird during its dispersal by expanding the air from the compressed gas reservoir, a clip puller installed at the end of the barrel and designed to stop or deflect the sleeve, providing a blow to the test item only for the packed bird, a trip mechanism including a starting solenoid, a breakthrough diaphragm and a knife. After switching on the shot cycle, the tripping mechanism with a knife breaks through the diaphragm and allows compressed gas to quickly flow into the barrel from the reservoir and push the projectile out. The barrel length of such devices is from 9 to 18 meters. The volume of the supply tank is at least 0.850 m ³ . Permissible working pressure of compressed gas up to 1.7 MPa. Such devices allow the carcass of a bird weighing up to 1.81 kg to be pushed out at a speed of up to 330 m / s (ASTM, “Standard Test Method for Aircraft Cabin Glasses to Be Impacted by Bird Carcasses,” F330-89 (reapproved 2004), p. 2- four).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution, which uses a breakthrough diaphragm as a trigger and used to throw carcasses of birds weighing up to 3.6 kg, is the long barrel length, a one-time clip puller, and one-time breakthrough diaphragms, which requires considerable preparation time for a shot.

The technical task of the proposed solution is to create a device that can reduce the time to prepare for the shot, increase the speed and reliability of the trigger mechanism, reduce the cost of testing.

The technical result in the proposed device is achieved in that the device for casting birds and other foreign objects when testing aircraft contains a barrel, a receiver with a safety valve, a shutter, a sleeve equipped with a bird, carriages, a control unit and a ramp of compressed gas, the shutter being located with side of the breech of the barrel, contains a built-in high-speed valve in the form of a piston with a central hole, while the shutter body is equipped with a pneumatic contactless trigger fuse shot with the receiver closing mechanism before and after the shot, and in the inner part of the piston there is an insert, the front of which is equipped with guiding devices for the working air entering the barrel during the shot, the rear of the insert is equipped with a coil through which a flexible rod passes through the central hole, one end which is mounted on the sleeve, and the other on the reel, with the barrel located inside the receiver. The guiding devices of the working air form two channels made of spherical segments, one of which is fixed at the end of the receiver, and the other on the insert with ribs. The outer surface of the piston of the valve is made in a stepped form, and in the middle of the outer surface of the piston there is a conical surface for fixing the piston with a fuse in the closed position before and after the shot. The barrel and receiver are equipped at the end with vent windows for working air after firing. The sleeve is made in the form of a thin-walled shell with a spherical bottom, on the outside of which there is an ear for fastening a flexible connection, and inside with lodgements of foam foam. The receiver is equipped with flanges for attaching the shutter, liner catcher and carriage. A fuse with a receiver closing mechanism comprises a housing with holes for a pusher, a latch, a limit switch housing.

Figure 1 shows the air gun on a gun carriage for bird resistance tests.

Figure 2 shows a fuse shot with a mechanism for cutting off the working air and pneumatic descent mechanism.

Figure 3 shows the shutter in section, the lower part in the "closed" position, the upper part in the "open" position.

Figure 4 shows a flange for attaching a sleeve stop device.

Figure 5 shows the pneumatic mechanism for activating the shot cycle.

Figure 6 shows the fuse shot with a mechanism for cutting off the residual working air.

A device for casting birds and other foreign objects contains a shutter 1, a receiver 2, a carbon fiber sleeve 3, a smooth barrel 4, a gun carriage 5, discharge windows 6, a sleeve catcher 7, a flange 8 for fixing a sleeve catcher with holes M ₄ , a fuse for firing 9 with a mechanism cut-offs of residual working air, pneumatic mechanism for activating the shot cycle 10.

The shutter is designed to organize a shot, i.e. supply of working air from the receiver to the barrel, as well as to ensure the laying of the equipped sleeve from the breech of the casting device.

The shutter 1 consists of a piston 12, a housing 13, a liner 14, a thrust nut 15, an end shock absorber 16, a radial shock absorber 17, and rubber o-rings 18.

The movable part of the shutter is a piston 12 with a Central hole. On the edges of the piston are rubber o-rings 18 of circular cross section. The outer surface of the piston is made in a stepped form, due to which an unbalanced force is generated between the movable part and the housing when the working air is fed into the cavity P ₁ , which presses the piston against the mechanical seal 19 of the barrel, i.e. the internal cavity P _{2 of the} receiver is sealed.

On the outer central part of the shutter piston, a conical surface B is made for fixing the shutter piston in the closed position (before and after firing) with a fuse 9. The housing 13 is provided on one side with a threaded thread for fixing with a thrust nut 15 of the insert 14, a seat for the insert 14, two coaxial cylindrical grooves (guides for the piston 12), three radial threaded holes M ₁ , M ₂ , M ₃ . The hole M _{1 is} intended for supplying locking auxiliary air to the shutter cavity P ₁ , the hole M _{2 is} used to fasten the fuse of the shot with the working air cut-off mechanism 9, the hole M _{3 is} designed to discharge auxiliary locking air through the pneumatic trigger 10.

The liner 14 has on one side a flat bottom with an end shock absorber 16, on the outer cylindrical surface there are three radial shock absorbers 17 in the form of rubber rings of circular cross section, designed to reduce the speed of the shutter piston when opening. On the other hand, a guide apparatus 20 is installed to form a working air supply channel from the receiver to the barrel. A tube 21 and a coil 22 are installed on the axis in the center, in which a calibrated tensile flexible rod 23 for attaching the sleeve in the barrel is installed. An explosive rod provides a stable initial pressure on the sleeve during a series of shots and is mounted on the coil and liner 14. After installing the sleeve in the barrel and fixing the flexible rod on the coil, a plug 24 is installed on it.

The guiding apparatuses 20 form two channels for turning a stream of working air from the receiver into the barrel by 180 ° with minimal pressure loss during firing. Guide vanes are made in the form of spherical segments. The upper segment is mounted on the end of the receiver, and the lower on the liner using radial ribs.

The receiver 2 is located directly on the barrel 4 concentrically and is the cumulative capacity of the working air for the shot, the pressure in which is adjusted during sighting according to the test program. The receiver is equipped with a membrane safety valve 11, designed for the maximum allowable air gun pressure. The receiver is equipped with mounting flanges to the shutter body.

The barrel 4 is located inside the receiver 2 and is designed to accelerate the packed sleeve to the required speed. On the front flange there is a special groove with holes for the mechanical rubber seal 19.

Pneumatic trigger mechanism 10 (figure 5) forced action is designed to discharge air from the cavity P _{1 of the} shutter, i.e. is a non-contact trigger. It consists of a housing 25, in which openings O _{1 are made} for venting air from the shutter, openings O ₂ for supplying process air for forcing the valve to open, a bore for mounting the valve 26. The valve is provided with a groove for the O-ring 27 made of fluorine plastic, a compression spring 28 for sealing the shutter cavity P ₁ , an adjusting screw 29 for adjusting the design pressure in the shutter cavity, a breather 30 with holes for discharging process air from the cavity

Shot fuse 9 with the receiver closing mechanism during the shot is designed to exclude the possibility of spontaneous firing and dosing of working air for one shot. The mechanism consists of a housing 31 with process air supply holes for forced removal from the fuse, the pusher 32, the latch 33, the housing of the limit electric switch 34, limit switch 35, cover 36, compression spring 37.

The safety valve 11 limits the maximum pressure supplied to the receiver. It consists of a membrane 38 and a breather 39 for bleeding air from the receiver.

Carriage 5 is designed to aim the gun at the test object and damping when fired. Consists of a flange with a rubber shock absorber for mounting the gun and the welded frame.

Unloading windows 6 are designed to relieve pressure in the barrel in front of the liner trap, to reduce the influence of the air jet force on the power elements of the liner trap and the equipment for measuring charge speed.

The sleeve 3 is designed to seal the trunk when throwing birds with a mass equal to or less than 1.6 kg, flocks of birds, ice, etc. The sleeve is made in the form of a thin-walled shell with a bottom, equipped with special lodges of foam polystyrene inside, and in the middle of the outside of the bottom is a ring for fastening the bursting thread.

A device for casting works as follows. To set the prepared charge, the thrust nut 15 is unscrewed, the liner 14 is removed, the flexible rod 23 is passed through the tube 21. After that, the sleeve is inserted into the device barrel, the liner 14 is inserted and fixed by the nut 15. The flexible rod is pulled to the stop and wound on the reel 22, closed with a cap 24. Next, the calculated pressure is supplied to the cavity P ₁ , while the piston 12 moves to the extreme right position under the influence of air pressure and hermetically closes the channel between the receiver and the barrel, and the latch 33 is safety of the mechanism under the action of the spring drops to the stop and then the design pressure is applied to the receiver. The device is ready to be cast.

The shot is fired by the operator using two buttons, the first button blocking the functionality of the second. When the first button is pressed, the light and sound alarms, video recording equipment, speed measuring equipment are turned on, and a valve for supplying pressure to the P ₃ cavity _{of the} fuse opens. Under the influence of air pressure, the pusher compresses the spring 37, disengages the lock 33 of the piston 32 and closes the contact of the limit switch 35, thereby removing the lock on the trigger 10. The operator presses the second button, the air pressure is supplied into the cavity P _{4 of the} trigger, under pressure the pusher opens the cavity P _{1 of the} shutter. The piston 12 under the pressure in the receiver moves to the extreme left position, allowing access of working air to the barrel, while the air supply to the cavity P _{4 of the} safety mechanism is stopped. Under the influence of air pressure, the equipped sleeve breaks the flexible traction and begins to accelerate in the barrel. The piston, reaching the extreme left position, hits the shock absorber and begins to move back to the stop in the front flange of the barrel. At this time, the latch 33 of the safety mechanism under the action of the spring 37 is lowered to the stop and fixes the closing position of the piston. At the same time, about 30% of the air under pressure remains in the receiver.

The stroke of the piston, the mass of the piston, the force of the end and radial shock absorbers, the air pressure in the bolt are designed so that during the opening and closing of the bolt the equipped sleeve acquires the speed necessary for testing in the barrel, while the sleeve stops in the catcher and the bird moves to the test object. When the shot is fired, laying of the bird is allowed in the presence of residual pressure in the receiver, which significantly saves preparation time for the shot and air from the balloon battery.

Claims (7)

1. A device for casting birds and other foreign objects when testing aircraft, comprising a barrel, a receiver with a safety valve, a shutter, a sleeve equipped with a bird, carriages, a control unit and a ramp of compressed gas, characterized in that the shutter is located on the breech side the barrel, contains a built-in high-speed valve in the form of a piston with a central hole, while the shutter body is equipped with a pneumatic contactless trigger mechanism and fuse shot with a closing mechanism p siver before and after the shot, and in the inner part of the piston there is a liner, the front of which is equipped with guiding devices for the working air entering the barrel when fired, and the rear of the liner is equipped with a coil, through the central opening of which a flexible rod passes, one end of which is fixed to the sleeve and the other on the reel, with the barrel located inside the receiver. 2. The device for casting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that the guiding apparatus of the working air form two channels made of spherical segments, one of which is fixed to the end of the receiver, and the other to the insert using ribs. 3. The device for casting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the piston is made in a stepped form, and in the middle of the outer surface of the piston there is a conical surface for fixing the piston with a fuse in the closed position before and after the shot. 4. The device for casting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that the barrel and the receiver are provided at the end with windows for discharging the working air after the shot. 5. The device for casting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve is made in the form of a thin-walled shell with a spherical bottom and is provided inside with lodges made of foam foam and an attachment element for flexible traction. 6. The device for casting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiver is equipped with flanges for attaching the shutter, liner catcher and carriage. 7. The device for casting birds according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuse with a receiver closing mechanism comprises a housing with holes for a pusher, a latch, a limit switch housing.

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