CN106350118B - Biomass gasification device and method - Google Patents
Biomass gasification device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106350118B CN106350118B CN201610755948.7A CN201610755948A CN106350118B CN 106350118 B CN106350118 B CN 106350118B CN 201610755948 A CN201610755948 A CN 201610755948A CN 106350118 B CN106350118 B CN 106350118B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/506—Fuel charging devices for entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
- C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/154—Pushing devices, e.g. pistons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1223—Heating the gasifier by burners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
- C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention relates to a biomass gasification device and a method, wherein the device comprises: the feeding box comprises a screw feeder and a feeding box body; the garbage to be gasified enters the feeding box body through the screw feeder; the gasification box is arranged below the feeding box, and the garbage to be gasified enters the gasification box from the feeding box; the gasification box comprises a gasification box body, a material guide hopper and a fuel gas guiding inner container; the material guide hopper is arranged on the side wall of the bottom in the gasification box body; the gas leading-out inner container is arranged at the upper part in the gasification box body, and an interlayer is formed between the outer side of the gas leading-out inner container and the inner side of the gasification box body; a gas pipe connector is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the gasification box body in a penetrating way and is communicated with the interlayer; the gas distribution ash storage box is arranged below the gasification box; the gas distribution and ash storage box comprises a plurality of gas distribution boxes, a slag scraping device, a protective cover and an ash storage box body; at least one ash falling groove is formed among the plurality of gas distribution boxes; the ash storage box body is positioned below the ash falling groove.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a biomass gasification device and a biomass gasification method.
Background
At present, the domestic garbage treatment technology of human beings shows diversified trends, wherein the biomass gasification technology is used for treating the domestic garbage, and gradually moves to the practicability, so that the functional prospect of the biomass gasification technology on the human environment protection is infinite.
The biomass gasification is to convert the hydrocarbon composing the biomass into the biomass containing CO and H under certain thermodynamic conditions2、CH4And waiting for combustible gas. To provide contraryUnder the thermodynamic conditions, the gasification process requires the supply of air or oxygen to partially combust the feedstock. The difference between the gasification process and the common combustion process is that sufficient oxygen is supplied in the combustion process to ensure that the raw materials are fully combusted, so that the heat is directly obtained, and products after combustion are carbon dioxide, water vapor and other non-reburnable flue gas; the gasification process only supplies the part of oxygen required by thermochemical reaction, and energy is kept in the combustible gas obtained after the reaction as much as possible, and the product after the gasification contains CO and H2、CH4And low molecular hydrocarbon combustible gases. Biomass gasification includes drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction reactions.
The organic components in the waste are also biomass, and the components are hydrocarbons, so the organic components in the waste can also be treated by the biomass gasification method. The method for disposing the garbage by using a gasification method is more environment-friendly compared with simple incineration of the garbage.
The convenient discharge of ash from a biomass gasification furnace is a difficult problem and a bottleneck in the development of biomass gasification technology, and especially the online discharge of ash is one of key technologies for continuous use of the gasification furnace and improvement of gasification quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a biomass gasification device and a method, through the structural design of a slag scraping device, ash generated by gasification of garbage in a gasification box can be discharged in time, and online ash discharge is realized, so that the continuous use of the biomass gasification device is realized, and the gasification efficiency of the garbage is improved.
To achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a biomass gasification apparatus comprising:
the feeding box comprises a screw feeder and a feeding box body; the screw feeder is arranged above the feeding box body, and a discharge hole is formed in the lower part of the screw feeder; the garbage to be gasified enters the feeding box body through the screw feeder;
the gasification box is arranged below the feeding box, the top end of the gasification box is communicated with the bottom end of the feeding box, and the garbage to be gasified enters the gasification box from the feeding box; the gasification box comprises a gasification box body, a material guide hopper and a fuel gas guiding inner container; the material guide hopper is arranged on the side wall of the bottom in the gasification box body and guides the garbage to be gasified in the gasification box body; the fuel gas leading-out inner container is arranged at the upper part in the gasification box body, and an interlayer is formed between the outer side of the fuel gas leading-out inner container and the inner side of the gasification box body; a gas pipe connecting port is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the gasification box body in a penetrating manner, the gas pipe connecting port is communicated with the interlayer, and gas generated by gasification of the garbage to be gasified enters the interlayer and is discharged out of the gasification box through the gas pipe connecting port;
the gas distribution ash storage box is arranged below the gasification box, and the top end of the gas distribution ash storage box is communicated with the bottom end of the gasification box; the gas distribution ash storage box comprises a plurality of gas distribution boxes, a slag scraping device, a protective cover and an ash storage box body; the plurality of gas distribution boxes are placed on the same horizontal plane, and at least one ash falling groove is formed among the plurality of gas distribution boxes; the ash storage box body is positioned below the ash falling groove;
wherein, the upper part of each gas distribution box is provided with a gas distribution plate, and the gas distribution plate is provided with a plurality of gas distribution holes; an air inlet pipe penetrates through each air distribution box, and combustion-supporting gas enters the air distribution boxes through the air inlet pipes and is discharged to the gasification box body through the air distribution holes; after the garbage to be gasified enters the gasification box, the garbage is carried on the gas distribution plate and ignited, and ash slag is formed after gasification and carried on the gas distribution plate;
the slag scraping device is arranged on the gas distribution plate and comprises a rotating shaft, a slag scraping knife and two ash limiting rings, wherein the slag scraping knife is connected to the rotating shaft, and is driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft to rotate on the surface of the gas distribution plate so as to push ash on the gas distribution plate to fall into an ash storage box body through the ash falling groove; the first ash limiting ring of the two ash limiting rings is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, and the second ash limiting ring is sleeved at the top end of the slag scraping knife;
the protective cover is arranged above the ash falling groove; the vertical distance between the bottom of the protective cover and the gas distribution plate is larger than the width of the slag scraping knife.
Preferably, the feeding box further comprises a material equalizing hopper, the material equalizing hopper is arranged below the discharge port, and the garbage to be gasified enters the feeding box body from the screw feeder through the material equalizing hopper;
the equalizing hopper is of a conical body structure.
Preferably, the screw feeder is a variable-pitch screw feeder, and the pitch of the screw feeder is gradually reduced from the feeding end to the discharging end.
Preferably, the gasification box body and the fuel gas leading-out inner container are both cylindrical; the difference between the diameter of the gasification box body and the diameter of the fuel gas leading-out inner container is 60-200 mm;
the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the gas pipe connecting port to the cross-sectional area of the gasification box body is 0.01-0.1;
the guide hopper is in an inverted frustum shape.
Preferably, the gas distribution ash storage box further comprises a gas distribution mother board, the gas distribution mother board is positioned above the gas distribution board and below the protective cover, a hollow groove is formed in the gas distribution mother board, and the gas distribution board and the ash falling groove are exposed out of the hollow groove; the position of the slag scraping knife is higher than that of the gas distribution mother board, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the protective cover and the gas distribution mother board is larger than the width of the slag scraping knife.
Preferably, the rotating shaft is provided with a material stirring rod, and the material stirring rod is perpendicular to the rotating shaft and rotates along with the rotation of the rotating shaft.
Further preferably, the number of the material poking rods is 2-8, the length of each material poking rod is 100-320 mm, and the vertical distance between each material poking rod and the gas distribution plate is 240-700 mm.
Preferably, the number of the slag scraping knives is not more than that of the ash falling grooves.
Preferably, ignition holes are formed in the upper portion of the gas distribution plate, the distance between each ignition hole and the top surface of the gas distribution plate ranges from 10mm to 80mm, and 1-5 ignition holes are formed in the upper portion of each gas distribution plate.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a biomass gasification method, which uses the biomass gasification apparatus described in the first aspect, and the method includes:
and 6, closing the air supply of the air inlet pipe after all the garbage to be gasified is gasified.
According to the biomass gasification device provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the structural design of the slag scraping device, ash slag generated by gasification of garbage in the gasification box can be discharged in time, and online ash discharge is realized, so that the biomass gasification device is continuously used.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a biomass gasification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the air distribution and ash storage box according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a slag scraping device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a biomass gasification method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The biomass gasification device provided by the embodiment of the invention is used in the process of gasifying garbage and biomass, and can discharge ash slag generated by gasifying the garbage in the gasification box in time through the structural design of the slag scraping device, so that online ash discharge is realized, the continuous use of the gasification furnace is realized, and the gasification efficiency of the garbage is improved.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a biomass gasification apparatus. As shown in figure 1, the biomass gasification device is cylindrical and is formed by connecting three parts, namely a feeding box 1, a gasification box 2 and a gas distribution and ash storage box 3 from top to bottom.
The feeding box 1 comprises a screw feeder 11, a feeding box body 12 and a material homogenizing hopper 13; the garbage to be gasified is sent into the feeding box body 12 through the screw feeder 11, and is uniformly distributed through the equalizing hopper 13.
Specifically, the screw feeder 11 is installed at the upper position inside the feeding box 12, the upper portion of the screw feeder 11 is provided with a feeding port 111, the lower portion of the screw feeder 11 is provided with a discharging port 112, and the garbage to be gasified is loaded in the feeding port 111 of the screw feeder 11, extruded by the screw feeder 11 and enters the feeding box 12 through the discharging port 112.
In order to guarantee the leakproofness of feed box 1, screw feeder 11 is preferably variable pitch screw feeder 11, and the ratio of the feed end pitch of screw feeder 11 and discharge end pitch is 3 ~ 1, and the discharge end pitch through the design of unequal pitch is less than or equal to the feed end pitch, makes the rubbish of waiting to gasify inwards more closely the extrusion, prevents that the gas that the gasification of rubbish produced from leaking from screw feeder 11.
The material equalizing hopper 13 is arranged below the discharge port 112 of the screw feeder 11, the material equalizing hopper 13 is of a conical body structure, the height of the material equalizing hopper is 200 mm-700 mm, and the diameter of the bottom of the material equalizing hopper is 200 mm-800 mm, so that the extruded garbage to be gasified can be dispersedly distributed in the gasification box 2 without gathering, and the garbage is gasified conveniently.
The feeding box 1 and the gasification box 2 can be connected through a flange or a water tank, and the feeding box 1 and the gasification box 2 can also be directly welded into a whole. In this example, the feeding box 1 and the gasification box 2 are connected by water tanks, specifically, the bottom edge of the feeding box body 12 is provided with a sealing water tank 121, the top edge of the gasification box 2 is provided with a connecting water tank 211, and the sealing water tank 121 is connected with the connecting water tank 211, so that the feeding box 1 and the gasification box 2 are connected in a sealing manner, a good sealing effect is ensured, and the structure is convenient to disassemble, thereby facilitating the transportation and maintenance of the device.
The gasification box 2 comprises a gasification box body 21, a gas pipe connector 23, a gas leading-out inner container 22 and a material guide hopper 24; the gasification box body 21 can be made of two layers of common steel plates with the thickness of 2 mm-12 mm, and can also be made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 2 mm-5 mm, and in order to reduce heat loss in the gasification process and prevent the outer wall of the gasification box 2 from being overhigh in temperature and scalding operators, a heat-preservation refractory material 212 with the thickness of 20 mm-150 mm is arranged between the two layers of steel plates; among them, the refractory is preferably a high-temperature resistant asbestos material.
The inner bag 22 is derived to gas sets up the upper portion in the gasification box 21, form intermediate layer 26 between the outside of inner bag 22 and the inboard of gasification box 21 are derived to gas, wear to be equipped with gas pipe connector 23 on the lateral wall of gasification box 21, the one end and the intermediate layer 26 of gas pipe connector 23 are linked together, the other end can be connected with gas pipe (not shown in the figure), the gas that rubbish gasification produced rises and gets into in the intermediate layer 26 that the gas was derived the inner bag 22 outside and the inboard formation of gasification box 21, get into the gas pipe through gas pipe connector 23, the gas that produces with rubbish gasification discharges gasification case 2.
Specifically, the gasification box body 21 and the gas leading-out inner container 22 are both cylindrical, and the difference between the diameter of the gasification box body 21 and the diameter of the gas leading-out inner container 22 is 60 mm-200 mm; in addition, the cross-sectional area of the gas pipe connection port 23 is related to the cross-sectional area of the gasification box 21, and the ratio of the cross-sectional areas is 0.01 to 0.1, so that gas generated by gasifying the garbage in the gasification box 21 can be smoothly discharged out of the gasification box 2 through the interlayer 26 and the gas pipe connection port 23.
Furthermore, a material guide hopper 24 is installed on the side wall of the bottom of the gasification box 21 to guide the garbage to be gasified in the gasification box 21, so as to prevent the garbage to be gasified from being stuck on the side wall of the gasification box 21 to affect the gasification effect.
In order to ensure that the material guide hopper 24 and the gasification box 21 can be tightly combined, the material guide hopper 24 is preferably in an inverted truncated cone shape, the difference between the diameter of the gasification box 21 and the diameter of the bottom of the material guide hopper 24 is 80-360 mm, and the height of the material guide hopper 24 is 100-350 mm.
Distribution ash storage box 3 sets up in the bottom of gasification case 2, and distribution ash storage box 3's top is linked together with gasification case 2's bottom, and the air is stored up ash storage box 3 by the distribution and is got into gasification case 2, provides sufficient oxygen for the gasification of rubbish.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the air distribution and ash storage box according to an embodiment of the present invention, and details of the air distribution and ash storage box 3 are described below with reference to fig. 1-2. The gas distribution ash storage box 3 comprises a plurality of gas distribution boxes 32, a slag scraping device 33, an ash storage box body 34 and a protective cover 38.
The plurality of gas distribution boxes 32 are positioned at the same horizontal plane and are arranged above the ash storage box 34. In order to ensure long-term use of the gas distribution box 32 in the gasification device, the side wall and the bottom of the gas distribution box 32 are made of steel plates with the thickness of 2mm to 4mm, the upper part of each gas distribution box 32 is provided with a gas distribution plate 321, the gas distribution plate 321 is buckled on the gas distribution box 32, each gas distribution plate 321 is uniformly provided with a plurality of gas distribution holes 3211, the aperture of the gas distribution holes 3211 is preferably 3mm to 8mm, the number of the gas distribution holes 3211 is preferably 9 to 200, and a person skilled in the art can design the aperture and the number of the gas distribution holes 3211 according to the size of the cross section of the gasification box 21. In addition, in order to ensure that the air in the air distribution box 32 can be smoothly discharged from the air distribution holes 3211 and can carry the garbage to be gasified, the thickness of the air distribution plate 321 is preferably 3mm to 12 mm.
Furthermore, in order to enable the gas generated by the combustion of the garbage to be gasified to smoothly enter the interlayer 26, the distance between the bottom surface of the gas guiding inner container 22 and the top surface of the gas distribution box 32 is preferably 300mm to 1100 mm.
After the gasified garbage enters the gasification box body 21, the gasified garbage is arranged on the gas distribution plate 321 under the guidance of the material guide hopper 24, and the garbage on the gas distribution plate 321 is ignited by an ignition rod inserted into an ignition hole 25 on the wall of the gasification box body 21; in order to ensure that the garbage on the gas distribution plate 321 can be ignited quickly, the distance from the top surface of the gas distribution plate 321 to the ignition holes 25 is set to be 10-80 mm, and 1-5 ignition holes 25 are arranged above each gas distribution plate 321.
In this embodiment, an air inlet pipe 35 is disposed on the side wall of the air distribution box 32, air enters the air distribution box 32 through the air inlet pipe 35 and is discharged to the gasification box 21 through the air distribution hole 3211, so as to provide sufficient oxygen for gasification of the garbage, so that the ignited garbage to be gasified is combusted in the gasification box 2, and ash and slag are formed on the air distribution plate 321 after the garbage is gasified.
In order to ensure that ash generated by gasification of garbage can be discharged on line, the arrangement structure of the plurality of air distribution boxes 32 is arranged so that at least one ash falling groove 31 is formed between the plurality of air distribution boxes, so that the ash on the air distribution plate 321 can fall to the bottom of the ash storage box body 34 through the ash falling groove 31. The ash falling groove 31, that is, the ash on the gas distribution plate 321 falls into a passage of the ash storage box body 34. In a schematic top view of a specific air distribution ash storage box shown in fig. 2, the air distribution boxes 32 are arranged in an arrangement structure that two air distribution boxes 32 are spaced to form ash falling grooves 31, and three ash falling grooves 31 are formed in the same shape. In addition, in another arrangement structure of the air distribution boxes, an air distribution box can be arranged at an interval, namely, an ash falling groove is formed between two adjacent air distribution boxes.
In a schematic top view of a specific air distribution ash storage box shown in fig. 2, the air distribution ash storage box 3 further includes an air distribution mother board 39, a plurality of hollow-out grooves are formed on the air distribution mother board 39, an ash falling groove 31 is formed by separating two air distribution boxes 32, the air distribution board 321 and the ash falling groove 31 are exposed from the hollow-out grooves, and the lower portion of the ash falling groove 31 is communicated with the ash storage box body 34.
The slag scraping device 33 is arranged above the air distribution box 32, and ash on the air distribution plate 321 is scraped into the ash falling groove 31 through the slag scraping device 33, so that the ash falls into the bottom of the ash storage box body 34 through the ash falling groove 31.
The structure of the slag scraping device 33 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 3. The slag scraping device 33 comprises a rotating shaft 331, a slag scraping knife 332 and two ash limiting rings 333.
The first ash limiting ring 3331 is sleeved outside the rotating shaft 331 to prevent ash from wrapping the rotating shaft 331 in the slag scraping process to influence the rotation of the rotating shaft 331; the number of the slag scraping knives 332 is not more than the number of the ash falling grooves 31, that is, the number of the slag scraping knives 332 is 1 to the number of the ash falling grooves. When a plurality of the scraping blades 332 are provided, it is preferable that the plurality of the scraping blades 332 are disposed at equal angles around the rotating shaft 331. In order to ensure that the slag scraping knife 332 can smoothly scrape off the ash on the gas distribution plate 321 and not scrape on the gas distribution plate 321, the position of the slag scraping knife 332 is arranged at a position about 3mm above the gas distribution plate 321. Therefore, the ash can be cleaned, and the influence of the scraping gas distribution plate 321 on the rotation of the slag scraping knife 332 can be avoided. The number and material of the scraping blades 332 can be selected by one skilled in the art according to the type of waste and the processing capacity of the gasification apparatus.
The second ash limiting ring 3332 is sleeved on the outer side of the slag scraping knife 332 to protect the outer side of the slag scraping knife 332, so that the slag scraping knife 332 is prevented from being damaged, and ash residues are prevented from being pushed to the position, which cannot be covered by the slag scraping knife 332, by the slag scraping knife 332 to form accumulation, so that the ash residues cannot be cleaned. Further, in order to ensure that all ash can be scraped into the ash storage box body 34, the circular area surrounded by the second ash limiting ring 3332 is not larger than the bottom surface area of the ash storage box body 34. The slag scraping device 33 can be driven by a motor to rotate or can be rotated by a manual machine. The device is shown as being rotated by a motor, and therefore the device also includes a motor 36 in the schematic. When the manual machine is adopted for rotation, an operator can manually rotate the rotating shaft 331 to rotate the slag scraping knife 332 on the surface of the gas distribution plate 321, so as to push ash on the gas distribution plate 321 to fall into the ash storage box 34 through the ash falling groove 31; when the motor 36 is adopted to drive rotation, the motor 36 drives the rotating shaft 331 to rotate to drive the slag scraping knife 332 to rotate on the surface of the gas distribution plate 321, so as to push ash on the gas distribution plate 321 to fall into the ash storage box 34 through the ash falling groove 31; when more ash in the ash storage box body 34 needs to be cleaned, the ash discharge door 341 on the ash storage box body 34 can be opened to clean the ash.
Furthermore, a material stirring rod 37 is arranged on the rotating shaft 331, and the material stirring rod 37 is perpendicular to the rotating shaft 331 and rotates along with the rotation of the rotating shaft 331, so that the function of stirring the garbage is achieved, the garbage is prevented from forming 'vacant positions' in the gasification process, and the gasification efficiency of the garbage is improved. In order to ensure that the material stirring rod 37 can stir the garbage on the gas distribution plate 321 and can not influence the slag scraping knife 332 to clean the ash, the vertical distance between the material stirring rod 37 and the gas distribution plate 321 is 240-700 mm, the number of the material stirring rods 37 is preferably 2-8, and the length of the material stirring rod 37 is preferably 100-320 mm.
Furthermore, a protective cover 38 is provided above the dust falling grooves 31, and the number of protective covers 38 corresponds to the number of dust falling grooves 31. One end of the protective cover 38 is fixed on the material guiding hopper 24, which effectively prevents the non-gasified waste from directly falling into the ash storage box 34 through the ash chute 31. In addition, in order not to affect the cleaning of the slag scraping knife 332 to the ash, the distance between the protective cover 38 and the gas distribution plate 321 should be no less than the width of the slag scraping knife 332, and the distance between the protective cover 38 and the gas distribution plate 321 is ensured to be within the range of 10 mm-120 mm.
According to the biomass gasification device provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the structural design of the slag scraping device, ash slag generated by gasification of garbage in the gasification box can be discharged in time, and online ash discharge is realized, so that the gasification device is continuously used.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the invention also provides a biomass gasification method using the processing device, and the biomass gasification method provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 1-4, and the method comprises the following steps:
Of course, before the garbage to be gasified is put into the screw feeder, the method also comprises the step of repairing the gasification device, wherein the key points are the sealing performance of the feeding box and the gasification box, whether the gas distribution plate is in place and whether the gas pipe is unblocked.
And 2, inserting an electronic ignition rod through the ignition hole for ignition.
Specifically, an operator inserts the ignition rod into the corresponding ignition hole to ignite the garbage to be gasified on the corresponding gas distribution plate.
And 3, blowing air through an air inlet pipe on the air distribution box, starting to catch fire for the garbage to be gasified above the air distribution box after the preset time, withdrawing the electronic ignition rod, and sealing the ignition hole.
Specifically, the air inlet pipe is connected with the air distribution fan, air is blown in through the air distribution fan, and sufficient oxygen is provided for the gasification process of the garbage.
specifically, after the ignition rod is withdrawn for 1-5 minutes, the air intake is adjusted.
And 5, in the gasification treatment process, starting the slag scraping device according to preset time to scrape slag, starting the screw feeder to add the garbage to be gasified, and simultaneously driving the material stirring rod to compact the garbage to be gasified.
Specifically, after the gasification device is used for a period of time, such as 0.5-2 hours, ash slag is formed on the gas distribution plate by the garbage to be gasified, the screw feeder is started to add the garbage to be gasified, and meanwhile, the material stirring rod rotates to ensure that the garbage in the gasification box is compacted, so that the garbage in the gasification box is effectively prevented from forming vacant positions.
And 6, closing the air supply of the air inlet pipe after all the garbage to be gasified is gasified.
When the gasification device is used next time, if the fire at the bottom layer in the gasification box is not extinguished, repeating the operation of the step 3 to the step 6 to start a new garbage gasification treatment period; and if the fire in the gasification box is extinguished, repeating the operation from the step 2 to the step 6.
The biomass gasification method provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to the biomass gasification device, is simple to operate, can discharge ash slag generated by gasification of garbage in the gasification box in time, and realizes online ash discharge, thereby realizing continuous use of the biomass gasification device and improving the gasification efficiency of the garbage.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for gasifying biomass, the apparatus comprising:
the feeding box comprises a screw feeder and a feeding box body; the screw feeder is arranged above the feeding box body, and a discharge hole is formed in the lower part of the screw feeder; the garbage to be gasified enters the feeding box body through the screw feeder;
the gasification box is arranged below the feeding box, the top end of the gasification box is communicated with the bottom end of the feeding box, and the garbage to be gasified enters the gasification box from the feeding box; the gasification box comprises a gasification box body, a material guide hopper and a fuel gas guiding inner container; the material guide hopper is arranged on the side wall of the bottom in the gasification box body and guides the garbage to be gasified in the gasification box body; the fuel gas leading-out inner container is arranged at the upper part in the gasification box body, and an interlayer is formed between the outer side of the fuel gas leading-out inner container and the inner side of the gasification box body; a gas pipe connecting port is arranged on the side wall of the upper part of the gasification box body in a penetrating manner, the gas pipe connecting port is communicated with the interlayer, and gas generated by gasification of the garbage to be gasified enters the interlayer and is discharged out of the gasification box through the gas pipe connecting port;
the gas distribution ash storage box is arranged below the gasification box, and the top end of the gas distribution ash storage box is communicated with the bottom end of the gasification box; the gas distribution ash storage box comprises a plurality of gas distribution boxes, a slag scraping device, a protective cover and an ash storage box body; the plurality of gas distribution boxes are placed on the same horizontal plane, and at least one ash falling groove is formed among the plurality of gas distribution boxes; the ash storage box body is positioned below the ash falling groove;
wherein, the upper part of each gas distribution box is provided with a gas distribution plate, and the gas distribution plate is provided with a plurality of gas distribution holes; an air inlet pipe penetrates through each air distribution box, and combustion-supporting gas enters the air distribution boxes through the air inlet pipes and is discharged to the gasification box body through the air distribution holes; after the garbage to be gasified enters the gasification box, the garbage is carried on the gas distribution plate and ignited, and ash slag is formed after gasification and carried on the gas distribution plate;
the slag scraping device is arranged on the gas distribution plate and comprises a rotating shaft, a slag scraping knife and two ash limiting rings, wherein the slag scraping knife is connected to the rotating shaft, and is driven by the rotation of the rotating shaft to rotate on the surface of the gas distribution plate so as to push ash on the gas distribution plate to fall into an ash storage box body through the ash falling groove; the first ash limiting ring of the two ash limiting rings is sleeved outside the rotating shaft, and the second ash limiting ring is sleeved at the top end of the slag scraping knife;
the protective cover is arranged above the ash falling groove; the vertical distance between the bottom of the protective cover and the gas distribution plate is larger than the width of the slag scraping knife.
2. The biomass gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the feeding box further comprises a material equalizing hopper, the material equalizing hopper is arranged below the discharge port, and the garbage to be gasified enters the feeding box body from the screw feeder through the material equalizing hopper;
the equalizing hopper is of a conical body structure.
3. The biomass gasification device of claim 1, wherein the screw feeder is a variable pitch screw feeder, the pitch of the screw feeder decreasing from a feed end to a discharge end.
4. The biomass gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the gasification tank body and the fuel gas discharge liner are both cylindrical; the difference between the diameter of the gasification box body and the diameter of the fuel gas leading-out inner container is 60-200 mm;
the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the gas pipe connecting port to the cross-sectional area of the gasification box body is 0.01-0.1;
the guide hopper is in an inverted frustum shape.
5. The biomass gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the gas distribution ash storage box further comprises a gas distribution mother plate, the gas distribution mother plate is located above the gas distribution plate and below the protective cover, a hollow groove is formed in the gas distribution mother plate, and the gas distribution plate and the ash falling groove are exposed from the hollow groove; the position of the slag scraping knife is higher than that of the gas distribution mother board, and the vertical distance between the bottom of the protective cover and the gas distribution mother board is larger than the width of the slag scraping knife.
6. The biomass gasification device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating shaft is provided with a stirring rod, and the stirring rod is arranged perpendicular to the rotating shaft and rotates along with the rotation of the rotating shaft.
7. The biomass gasification device according to claim 6, wherein the number of the material stirring rods is 2-8, the length of each material stirring rod is 100-320 mm, and the vertical distance between the material stirring rods and the gas distribution plate is 240-700 mm.
8. The biomass gasification device of claim 1, wherein the number of the scraper blades is no greater than the number of the ash chute.
9. The biomass gasification device according to claim 1, wherein ignition holes are arranged above the gas distribution plate, the distance between the ignition holes and the top surface of the gas distribution plate is 10-80 mm, and 1-5 ignition holes are arranged above each gas distribution plate.
10. A method of biomass gasification based on the biomass gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
step 1, putting garbage to be gasified into a feeding box through a screw feeder;
step 2, inserting an electronic ignition rod through the ignition hole for ignition;
step 3, blowing air through an air inlet pipe on the air distribution box, starting to catch fire for the garbage to be gasified above the air distribution box after preset time, withdrawing the electronic ignition rod, and sealing an ignition hole;
step 4, adjusting the air inlet amount of an air inlet pipe on the air distribution box, and enabling the garbage to be gasified to enter a combustion state;
step 5, in the gasification treatment process, starting a slag scraping device according to preset time to scrape slag, starting a screw feeder to add garbage to be gasified, and simultaneously driving a material stirring rod to compact the garbage to be gasified;
and 6, closing the air supply of the air inlet pipe after all the garbage to be gasified is gasified.
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| CN107702519A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-02-16 | 安徽上元绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of drying system using biomass fuel |
| CN108219844B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-02-12 | 重庆市潼南区九橡化大环保科技有限公司 | A kind of high conversion biomass gasification device |
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