CN106348731A - 一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂及其制备方法，该猫砂由粉煤灰陶粒制成，所述粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰75～80％，河底淤泥5～10％，煤渣10～15％，制备时经过混合、成球、干燥及焙烧后得到粉煤灰陶粒，制作猫砂时将陶粒成品、粘合剂和水搅拌后得到原料，将上述原料经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制得陶粒猫砂。本发明结构坚实，内部有无数微孔，因此可以吸附环境中的有害元素和细菌，可以对有害物质进行活性生物降解，能够满足猫砂使用的要求；所采用的陶粒成本低，解决了固体废弃物二次污染的问题，能够有效地实现废弃物质资源化，有效避免二次污染。本发明的制备方法实现简单，可以进行大规模生产，易于推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于宠物清洁用品技术领域，具体涉及一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂及其制备方法。
背景技术
猫砂是用于家庭养宠物猫、狗等小动物的垫料，具有除臭、吸附性强、无毒、无污染、垃圾量少等优点，是一种家庭用绿色环保产品。国内外猫砂主要有膨润土、蒙脱石和硅胶类，一般都是上述单一成分与有机物粘接剂混合制成，目前普遍是采用硅胶猫砂，也有采用膨润土和有机物基料以及有机粘接剂混合造粒制成。上述猫砂产品所采用的原料不够环保，使用时难以对有害物质进行活性降解。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种使用环保、能有效降解有害物质的粉煤灰陶粒猫砂，其制作成本低，可以实现废弃物资源化的效果；本发明还提供上述陶粒猫砂的制备方法。
本发明为解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂，该猫砂由粉煤灰陶粒加入植物粘合剂和水搅拌后，经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制成，所述粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰75～80％，河底淤泥5～10％，煤渣10～15％。
作为优选的实施方式，所述粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰77％，河底淤泥10％，煤渣13％。
一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)河底淤泥脱水后磨碎成粉；
(2)将粉煤灰、磨碎成粉后的河底淤泥及煤渣混合，加入重量为混合物重量10～20％的水混合成球状体；
(3)将球状体依次进行室温干燥、烘箱烘干以及高温焙烧后得到粒径在5mm以上的陶粒成品；
(4)将陶粒成品、植物粘合剂和水搅拌后得到原料，将上述原料经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制得陶粒猫砂。
作为优选的实施方式，高温烧结步骤和水洗除尘步骤之间还设有分筛机分筛步骤。
作为优选的实施方式，低温烘干时的温度范围为80±5℃。
作为优选的实施方式，高温烧结时的温度范围为700±20℃。
作为优选的实施方式，热风烘干时的温度范围为120±10℃。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的猫砂采用粉煤灰陶粒为原料制成，其结构坚实，内部有无数微孔，因此可以吸附环境中的有害元素和细菌，可以对有害物质进行活性生物降解，能够满足猫砂使用的要求；所采用的陶粒成本低，解决了固体废弃物二次污染的问题，能够有效地实现废弃物质资源化，有效避免二次污染。本发明的制备方法实现简单，可以进行大规模生产，易于推广使用。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式进行进一步的说明：
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的猫砂由粉煤灰陶粒制成，所谓的粉煤灰陶粒以固体废弃物为主要原料。利用这些固体废弃物所制成的陶粒可以有效避免二次污染，达到了固体废弃物资源化的目的。为了满足猫砂吸附及活性降解的要求，本发明所用的粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰75～80％，河底淤泥5～10％，煤渣10～15％。更为优选的是，粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰77％，河底淤泥10％，煤渣13％。上述河底淤泥可以充当粘土的作用，以使得混合后制得的陶粒更加符合猫砂的性能需求，而且河底淤泥可以大大降低猫砂的制作成本。具体制备猫砂时由粉煤灰陶粒加入植物粘合剂和水搅拌后，经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制得所需的猫砂。其中，植物粘合剂的成分及其质量百分比为：植物胶85～88％，硼酸1～3％，山梨酸钾0.1～0.5％，纤维素2～3％，乙醇1～2％，其余为水。由上述成分可知，植物粘合剂的成分为纯天然成分，不会对环境造成污染。
参照图1，本发明的粉煤灰陶粒猫砂制备方法为：
(1)河底淤泥脱水后磨碎成粉。
(2)将粉煤灰、磨碎成粉后的河底淤泥及煤渣混合，加入重量为混合物重量10～20％的水混合成球状体。
(3)将球状体依次进行室温干燥、烘箱烘干以及高温焙烧后得到粒径在5mm以上的陶粒成品。这些陶粒成品可以存放备用。
(4)将陶粒成品、植物粘合剂和水搅拌后得到原料，将上述原料经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制得陶粒猫砂。此步骤中，原料经过平模造粒机造粒后压制成的圆柱状颗粒的直径为4-6mm，长度为8-15mm。上述圆柱状颗粒先进行低温烘干，烘干的温度范围为80±5℃。低温烘干完成后的圆柱状颗粒接着进行高温烧结，使得颗粒更加牢固，成品吸水后不易结团，烧结的温度范围为700±20℃。在进行下一的水洗除尘步骤前优选进行分筛机分筛的步骤，以获得所需大小的颗粒。接着进行水洗除尘步骤，此步骤使产品更加美观，颗粒分明，无粉尘。最后经过热风烘干处理即可装袋得到猫砂成品，热风烘干的温度范围为120±10℃。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述，但不是穷尽性的例举，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂，其特征在于：该猫砂由粉煤灰陶粒加入植物粘合剂和水搅拌后，经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制成，所述粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰75～80％，河底淤泥5～10％，煤渣10～15％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂，其特征在于：所述粉煤灰陶粒的成分及其质量百分比为：粉煤灰77％，河底淤泥10％，煤渣13％。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的粉煤灰陶粒猫砂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
(1)河底淤泥脱水后磨碎成粉；
(2)将粉煤灰、磨碎成粉后的河底淤泥及煤渣混合，加入重量为混合物重量10～20％的水混合成球状体；
(3)将球状体依次进行室温干燥、烘箱烘干以及高温焙烧后得到粒径在5mm以上的陶粒成品；
(4)将陶粒成品、植物粘合剂和水搅拌后得到原料，将上述原料经过造粒、低温烘干、高温烧结、水洗除尘、热风烘干后制得陶粒猫砂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂的制备方法，其特征在于：高温烧结步骤和水洗除尘步骤之间还设有分筛机分筛步骤。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂的制备方法，其特征在于：低温烘干时的温度范围为80±5℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂的制备方法，其特征在于：高温烧结时的温度范围为700±20℃。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种粉煤灰陶粒猫砂的制备方法，其特征在于：热风烘干时的温度范围为120±10℃。
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