CN106348696B - 一种重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂 - Google Patents
一种重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，其特征在于：按重量份配比计，由以下组分组成：交联剂200份，稳定剂100份，抗渗剂50份，减水剂200份，凝固剂500份，填充剂10份。利用该固化处理剂处理重金属废水滤渣的方法为：首先在重金属废水滤渣中添加石灰，添加量为滤渣的10%，充分搅拌，然后按照废渣量的5‑10%添加重金属废渣固化剂，并充分搅拌，倒入成型的模具中压实成型固化，20‑40min后脱模，取出模具，形成重金属浸出率低的固化体。制成的固化体浸出毒性完全达到《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》（GB5058.3‑2007）标准。本发明固化工艺简单，成本低，安全可靠，解决了废渣的各种重金属污染问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及重金属废水滤渣处理技术领域，具体涉及一种重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂以及利用该处理剂处理重金属废水滤渣的方法。
背景技术
我国每年产生数十亿吨的废弃物，其中就包括工业工业废水尤其是重金属废水滤渣。然而，由于这类型废渣来源广、成分复杂，且可能含有多种对环境和人体健康有害的物质，较为典型的是重金属离子（Pb、Cr6+、Hg、Cd）、浸出性毒性物质等。这些物质将对人类的健康产生负面的影响，严重的会致癌、致畸。
发明内容
鉴于上述不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种能有效地阻止废弃物中的重金属物质逸出，极大地降低重金属离子浸出浓度，从而实现保护环境和资源化再利用的用于废弃物中重金属离子固化的重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，以及利用该处理剂处理重金属废水滤渣的方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，按重量份配比计，由以下组分组成：交联剂200份，稳定剂100份，抗渗剂50份，减水剂200份，凝固剂500份，填充剂10份。
所述交联剂为氯化镁和/或氧化镁。
所述稳定剂为有机硅。
所述抗渗剂由速溶硅酸钠和硬脂酸铝按照2:3的质量比混合而成。
所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
所述的凝固剂为水泥。
进一步的，所述水泥由普通硅酸盐水泥和42.5级快硬硫铝酸盐水泥按的9:1质量比配比而成。
所述的填充剂为二氧化硅含量不小于85%，含水率小于3%，烧失量小于6%，火山灰活性指数大于85%，比表面积不小于22 m2/g的微硅粉。
一种利用重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂处理重金属废水滤渣的方法包括以下步骤：
首先在重金属废水滤渣中添加石灰，石灰添加量为滤渣质量的10%，充分搅拌，然后按照废渣量的5-10%添加重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，加入适量水，并充分搅拌，倒入成型的模具中压实成型固化，20-40min后脱模，取出模具，形成重金属浸出率低的固化体。
本发明中：
1.通过对水泥原料的筛选，采用普通水泥和特种水泥的配比，有效的提高了材料的强度；本发明的特种水泥选用强度等级为42.5的快硬硫铝酸盐水泥，快硬硫铝水泥不仅具有很高地早期强度，而且有不断增长的后期强度。快硬硫铝酸盐水泥和普通水泥配比后，其水泥石结构致密，能够提高砂浆硬化后的抗渗性。
2.通过加入速溶硅酸钠、硬脂酸铝，其速溶硅酸钠和硬脂酸铝不断发生渗透结晶反应，形成不溶于水的结晶体，堵住毛细孔道，从而提高基体的密实度，使得基体的抗渗抗浸出能力提高，有效防止重金属的浸出。
3.微硅粉是铁合金在冶炼硅铁和工业硅时，矿热电炉内产生大量挥发性很很强的SiO2和Si气体，气体排放后与空气迅速氧化冷凝沉淀而成。其细度小于1um的占80%以上，平均粒径在0.1～0.3um，比表面积为:20～28m2/g，细度和比表面积约为水泥的80～100倍。本发明中所采用的微硅粉中的二氧化硅含量不小于85%，含水率小于3%，烧失量小于6%，火山灰活性指数大于85%，比表面积不小于22 m2/g。微硅粉能够填充水泥颗粒间的孔隙，同时与水化产物生成凝胶体，在堵住毛细孔道的同时也能紧固危险重金属，使得在提高基体的密实度的同时，其基体的抗渗抗浸出能力也大大提高，有效防止重金属的浸出。
4.本发明固化工艺简单，成本低，安全可靠，制成的固化体浸出毒性完全达到《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》（GB5058.3-2007）标准，有效的解决了废渣的各种重金属污染问题。
具体实施方式
下面我们将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例
重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂的制备：
取氯化镁200g，有机硅100g，速溶硅酸钠20g，硬脂酸铝30g,聚羧酸减水剂200g,普通硅酸盐水泥450g,42.5级快硬硫铝酸盐水泥50g,以及二氧化硅含量不小于85%、含水率小于3%、烧失量小于6%、火山灰活性指数大于85%、比表面积不小于22m2/g的微硅粉10g，混合均匀，即得重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂。
利用重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂处理重金属废水滤渣的方法：
取含Cr、Ni、Pb、Cd、Ag、Cu等金属电镀废水滤渣1公斤，添加石灰100克，充分搅拌，再添加上述重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂100g，加入适量水，充分搅拌，倒入成型模具中压实成型固化，30min后脱模，取出模具，得到重金属浸出率低的固化体。对本实施例所制得的固化体，按照《建筑砂浆基本性能试验方法标准》（JGJ/T70-2009）标准测定第3天抗压强度均超过1.5MPa；第7天抗压强度均超过3.5MPa；按照《危险废物鉴别标准浸出毒性鉴别》（GB5058.3-2007）标准对固化体进行了相应测试，固化体放置28日后，该固化体对Cr离子的固化率达95%以上，固化体浸出物中的Ni、Pb、Cd、Ag、Cu等重金属均未检出；且该固化体的水稳性能和体积稳定性均优异。
Claims (3)
1.一种重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，其特征在于：按重量份配比计，由以下组分组成：交联剂200份，稳定剂100份，抗渗剂50份，减水剂200份，凝固剂水泥500份，填充剂10份；所述交联剂为氯化镁和/或氧化镁；所述稳定剂为有机硅；所述抗渗剂由速溶硅酸钠和硬脂酸铝按照2:3的质量比混合而成；所述水泥由普通硅酸盐水泥和42.5级快硬硫铝酸盐水泥按的9:1质量比配比而成；所述的填充剂为二氧化硅含量不小于85%，含水率小于3%，烧失量小于6%，火山灰活性指数大于85%，比表面积不小于22 m2/g的微硅粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，其特征在于：所述减水剂为聚羧酸减水剂。
3.一种利用权利要求1或2所述处理剂处理重金属废水滤渣的方法，其特征在于：该方法包括以下步骤：
首先在重金属废水滤渣中添加石灰，石灰添加量为滤渣质量的10%，充分搅拌，然后按照废渣量的5-10%添加重金属废水滤渣快速固化处理剂，加入适量水，并充分搅拌，倒入成型的模具中压实成型固化，20-40min后脱模，取出模具，形成重金属浸出率低的固化体。
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