CN106344932B - 一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物及其应用,研究发现,长期的C‑MER原癌基因酪氨酸激酶(C‑MER proto‑oncogene tyrosine kinase,MerTK)突变导致视网膜微环境发生严重重构,MerTK发挥功能所必须的配体生长停滞特异基因6(growth arrest specific gene 6,Gas6)极度降低,吞噬通路相关成分受到影响,因此,本发明以外源性酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK以及配体Gas6共同过表达从而介导视网膜色素上皮细胞吞噬能力,缓解了由于该细胞吞噬功能障碍所引起的视网膜色素变性病理进程,为此类疾病的治疗奠定理论和技术基础。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,具体涉及一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物及其应用。
背景技术
随着光学相关眼病及炎性眼病逐渐得到控制,视网膜神经退行性疾病已成为当今世界不可逆致盲的主要原因,影响着数以千万人的视力健康。如视网膜色素变性(Retinitis Pigmentosa, RP)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(Age-related MacularDegeneration, AMD)及青光眼等。此类疾病引起视功能损害的病理基础是视网膜神经元细胞的不可逆性损伤,临床上对此缺乏行之有效的治疗手段。
近年,基础科学研究飞速进展,为上述疾病的治疗带来了新的曙光;主要包括:基因治疗技术、干细胞替代治疗技术、缓释给药技术以及组织工程技术等。其中基因治疗在眼科的临床转化应用取得了显著成果,开展了众多临床试验。
从1990年世界第一例基因治疗临床试验获得批准,到2012年第一例基因药物GLYBERA在欧盟的上市,基因治疗经历了长足的发展,也成功的进入了临床转化阶段。据《The Journal of Gene Medicine》统计,有关基因治疗的临床试验已有2088个,纳入的病例已超过1973例,这其中眼科疾病的临床试验有28项(1.3%),包括AMD 10项,Leber先天性黑矇(Leber congenital amaurosis, LCA)8项,RP5项,其他5项。
这其中也给我们带来了一些新的思考,例如针对视网膜色素变性开展的MerTK基因治疗尽管在动物实验中取得较好治疗效果,在临床试验中却并未发挥显著治疗作用。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物及其应用。通过本发明所述的组合物,可以代偿MerTK突变的同时上调PRE吞噬功能,提高视觉电生理反应,从而,提高单纯基因治疗效果,延缓视力损害。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物,所述组合物包括酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6。
进一步的,所述酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6的有效病毒颗粒数量份数比为1:1.2~1.5。
进一步的,所述组合物是通过外源MerTK基因联合其配体Gas6的导入共同组合构成。
进一步的,所述MerTK基因以及配体导入的具体操作步骤为:
(1)AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV- BEST1-Gas6质粒构建:腺相关病毒载体pAAV-IRES-ZsGreen线性化处理,使用限制性内切酶对腺相关病毒载体进行双酶切得到线性化腺相关病毒载体,使用Infusion clone技术,将线性化腺相关病毒载体、BEST1启动子和MerTK目的片段直接连接,即得到AAV-BEST1-MerTK质粒;使用上述同样的方法构建AAV-BEST1-Gas6质粒,经过测序验证序列准确性后可进行病毒包装;
(2)AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体构建:将AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6、AAV8-helper质粒在293T细胞中共表达,包装为具有感染性的AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体,经过细胞表达验证后使用;
(3)视网膜下腔移植:常规玻璃体切除手术,以视网膜针向视网膜下腔注射适量AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体,镜下观察到视网膜灰白色隆起(即人为造成视网膜脱离)即为成功。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的限制性内切酶为BamH1和Xho1。
所述用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物的应用,所述组合物可以应用于制备治疗视网膜退行性疾病的药物。
本发明相比现有技术的有益效果为:
1、现有技术中,MerTK基因治疗在动物实验中取得较好治疗效果,但在临床试验中并未发挥显著治疗作用,目前只是完成了安全性的验证,视觉功能并未显著改善或有效延缓病程进展。本发明所述的技术通过以外源性酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK以及配体Gas6共同过表达从而介导视网膜色素上皮细胞吞噬能力的作用上调,促进吞噬障碍相关的视网膜退行性病变的功能恢复;
2、本发明发现不同的病理阶段会对治疗作用产生影响,进而需要不同的干预方式;1、早期病变直接导入MerTK基因进行基因修饰,改善RPE细胞的生理功能,代偿吞噬功能缺陷;2、中晚期病变联合MerTK通路相关受体、配体共同移植;修复基因突变的同时激活相关通路,上调PRE吞噬功能;
3、本发明所述的技术方案,能够缓解由于该细胞吞噬功能障碍所引起的视网膜色素变性病理进程,提高单纯基因治疗效果,延缓视力损害,提高视觉电生理反应,为此类疾病的治疗奠定理论和技术基础。
附图说明
图1为mertk突变条件下视网膜Gas6和Akt的荧光定量PCR检测结果示意图;
图2为mertk突变条件下视网膜Akt磷酸化的Western blot检测结果示意图。
具体实施方式
视网膜色素变性的遗传学背景较为复杂,目前发现的相关致病基因已超过50个,已转化至临床试验阶段的主要有MerTK基因的替代治疗。MerTK介导的细胞吞噬作用是针对凋亡细胞及大团生理性细胞碎片而发生的自身清除过程。包括我们在内的前期研究已经证实该基因的突变导致细胞吞噬过程中细胞骨架聚合异常,吞噬功能障碍。如累及视网膜色素上皮细胞,则不能及时清除光感受器细胞的外节盘膜,导致光感受器细胞继发性凋亡,引发视网膜退行性病变。
尽管基因治疗技术在眼科的临床转化中取得了巨大突破,但也出现了一些新的思考。比如MerTK基因治疗在动物实验中取得较好治疗效果,但在临床试验中并未发挥显著治疗作用,目前只是完成了安全性的验证。我们在临床中发现, MerTK 突变的RP患者主要表型是进行性视功能下降,从青少年时期发病,到40 岁后出现严重视功能损害,经历了一个比较长时期的病变过程;同时观察到MerTK突变小鼠在6-8 周才开始出现视网膜病理变化,12-16 周才出现视网膜外核层的显著变薄。说明MerTK突变所致视网膜神经退行性病变是一个较长时期的病理过程。而MerTK的基因治疗在动物实验中给予干预在病变早期,临床试验中入选患者为病变晚期(NCT01482195; clinicaltrails.gov),这种不同的病理阶段是否会对治疗作用产生影响,进而需要不同的干预方式成为我们研究的重点。
目前已知,MerTK、Axl和Tyro 3是TAM酪氨酸激酶受体家族重要成员,介导的细胞吞噬功能在很多重要器官里发挥作用。在视网膜主要由MerTK启动RPE细胞特异性吞噬。MerTK要发挥吞噬作用,需要其天然配体Gas6,通过其氨基端Gla结构域与凋亡细胞膜上的磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)结合,其羟基端区域与RPE细胞MerTK受体结合,促进RPE细胞和PS之间形成连接,从而激活PI3K/Akt通路,启动吞噬,而该通路中Akt(s473)磷酸化下调被认为是吞噬启动的特异标志。
前期我们应用MerTK突变所致的视网膜色素变性小鼠(Mer-/-)为动物模型,重点探讨了上述通路中配体和信号分子的变化。如图1所示,通过荧光定量PCR的结果显示,在Mer-/-小鼠病变晚期(9月龄),Gas6在视网膜的表达显著低于非MerTK突变所致的视网膜色素变性小鼠(rd1)。同时,如图2所示,由Western blot检测结果显示,吞噬通路的特异标志Akt基因表达显著增高,Akt(s473)磷酸化出现上调,说明吞噬通路受到抑制,RPE细胞吞噬功能存在障碍。
我们推测临床试验中入选的患者处于病变中晚期,长期的MerTK突变导致了视网膜微环境发生了严重的重构现象,吞噬通路相关的配体、因子等都发生了改变,因此即使代偿了MerTK突变,也无法有效改善RPE细胞吞噬功能。
在临床发现和前期研究结果的基础上,我们提出设想:在MerTK突变所致的视网膜色素变性中晚期,视网膜微环境已发生严重重构,是否可以联合酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK以及其配体Gas6共同移植,代偿MerTK突变的同时上调PRE吞噬功能,从而,提高单纯基因治疗效果,延缓视力损害。
随后我们通过初步动物移植实验,验证外源MerTK基因联合Gas6的导入可以上调PRE吞噬功能,提高视觉电生理反应,说明可以缓解由于吞噬障碍所造成的相关疾病。
本实施例提供了一种用于提高视网膜退行性疾病基因治疗效果的组合物,所述组合物包括酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6。
进一步的,所述酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6的有效病毒颗粒数量份数比为1:1.2~1.5。
进一步的,所述组合物是通过外源MerTK基因联合其配体Gas6的导入共同组合构成。
进一步的,所述MerTK基因以及配体导入的具体操作步骤为:
(1)AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV- BEST1-Gas6质粒构建:腺相关病毒载体pAAV-IRES-ZsGreen线性化处理,使用限制性内切酶BamH1和Xho1对腺相关病毒载体进行双酶切得到线性化腺相关病毒载体,使用Infusion clone技术,将线性化腺相关病毒载体、BEST1启动子和MerTK目的片段直接连接,即得到AAV-BEST1-MerTK质粒;使用上述同样的方法构建AAV-BEST1-Gas6质粒,经过测序验证序列准确性后可进行病毒包装;
(2)AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体构建:将AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6、AAV8-helper质粒在293T细胞中共表达,包装为具有感染性的AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体,经过细胞表达验证后使用;
(3)视网膜下腔移植:常规玻璃体切除手术,以视网膜针(37-39G)向视网膜下腔注射适量AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体,镜下观察到视网膜灰白色隆起(即人为造成视网膜脱离)即为成功。可一点注射,也可多点注射。注射总剂量范围由150μl(5.96х1010vg)至450μl(17.88х1010vg)。
Claims (3)
1.包括酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6的组合物在制备用于提高中晚期视网膜色素变性基因治疗效果的药物中的用途,其特征在于,所述组合物包括酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6;所述组合物是通过外源MerTK基因联合其配体Gas6的导入共同组合构成;所述酪氨酸激酶家族受体MerTK及其配体Gas6的有效病毒颗粒数量份数比为1:1.2~1.5。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的用途,其特征在于,所述MerTK基因以及配体Gas6的组合物的制备为:
(1)AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6质粒构建:腺相关病毒载体pAAV-IRES-ZsGreen线性化处理,使用限制性内切酶对腺相关病毒载体进行双酶切得到线性化腺相关病毒载体,使用Infusionclone技术,将线性化腺相关病毒载体、BEST1启动子和MerTK目的片段直接连接,即得到AAV-BEST1-MerTK质粒;使用上述同样的方法构建AAV-BEST1-Gas6质粒,经过测序验证序列准确性后可进行病毒包装;
(2)AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体构建:将AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6、AAV8-helper质粒在293T细胞中共表达,包装为具有感染性的AAV-BEST1-MerTK/AAV-BEST1-Gas6病毒载体,经过细胞表达验证后使用。
3.根据权利要求2 所述的用途,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的限制性内切酶为BamH1和Xho1。
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