CN106342906A - 一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物 - Google Patents

一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物 Download PDF

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CN106342906A
CN106342906A CN201610737599.6A CN201610737599A CN106342906A CN 106342906 A CN106342906 A CN 106342906A CN 201610737599 A CN201610737599 A CN 201610737599A CN 106342906 A CN106342906 A CN 106342906A
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Abstract

本专利属于植物病害防治领域,具体公开了一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,按重量份数计,包括雀榕叶25‑32份、除虫菊20‑25份、杜衡20‑25份、冻绿刺15‑20份、昏鸡头11‑14份,独脚柑7‑11份。该组合物对樟叶蜂幼虫的杀灭效果好于雷公藤粉和敌百虫。

Description

一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及植物病害防治领域,具体涉及一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物。
背景技术
香樟,是优良的绿化树、行道树及庭荫树。产中国南方及西南各省区。越南、朝鲜、日本也有分布,其他各国常有引种栽培。植物全体均有樟脑香气,可提制樟脑和提取樟油。木材坚硬美观,宜制家具、箱子。香樟树对氯气、二氧化硫、臭氧及氟气等有害气体具有抗性;能驱蚊蝇,能耐短期水淹,是生产樟脑的主要原料。樟脑还有强心解热、杀虫之效,夏天到户外活动时可摘取樟树的叶片,揉碎后涂抹在手脚表面上,有防蚊的功效。科学研究证明,樟树所散发出的松油二环烃、樟脑烯、柠檬烃、丁香油酚等化学物质,有净化有毒空气的能力,有抗癌功效,过滤出清新干净的空气,沁人心脾。长期生活在有樟树的环境中会避免患上很多疑难病症。因此樟树成为南方许多城市和地区园林绿化的首选良木,深受园林绿化行业的青睐。
樟叶蜂是香樟的常见虫害之一,此虫年发生代数多,成虫飞翔力强,所以危害期长,危害范围广。樟叶蜂危害幼苗,也危害林木。苗圃内的香樟苗,常常被成片吃光,当年生幼苗受害重的即枯死,幼树受害则上部嫩叶被吃光,形成秃枝。林木树冠上部嫩叶也常被食尽,严重影响树木生长。
樟叶蜂以老熟幼虫在土内结茧越冬。由于樟叶蜂幼虫在茧内有滞育现象,代老熟幼虫人土结茧后,有的滞育到次年再继续发育繁殖;有的则正常化蛹,当年继续繁殖后代。因此在同一地区,一年内完成的世代数也不相同。成虫白天羽化,以上午多,活动力强,羽化后当天即可交尾,交尾后即产卵,卵产于枝梢嫩叶和芽苞上,在已长到定形的叶片上一般不产卵。幼虫从切裂处孵出,在附近啃食下表皮,之后则食全叶,在大发生时,则叶片很快就被吃尽。幼虫食性单一,未见危害其他植物。樟叶蜂越冬代成虫一般在4月上中旬羽化。一代幼虫4月中旬孵出,5月上中旬老熟后入土结茧,部分滞育到次年,部分5月下旬羽化产卵。二代幼虫5月底至6月上旬孵出,6月下旬结茧越冬。
常见的防治方法有:(1)化学防治:在幼虫孵出,未结茧前这段时期内,可喷洒化学药物进行防治,喷洒时间:4月中旬和5月下旬或6月上旬。药物:80%敌百虫可溶性粉剂1000倍液,或80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍液,或45%马拉硫磷乳油800倍液,或用0.5公斤闹羊花或雷公藤粉加清水75—100公斤制成药液喷射苗木,喷杀幼虫,效果较好。(2)生物防治:幼虫危害盛期可用500001U/mg苏云金杆菌原药,稀释1000~1500倍,在阴天或晴天傍晚喷雾。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,该组合物对樟叶蜂幼虫的杀灭效果好于雷公藤粉和敌百虫。
为达到上述目的,本发明的基础方案为:一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,按重量份数计,包括雀榕叶25-32份、除虫菊20-25份、杜衡20-25份、冻绿刺15-20份、昏鸡头11-14份、独脚柑7-11份。
雀榕叶为桑科植物笔管榕的叶;具有解毒,杀虫的功效。除虫菊为菊科除虫菊属植物除虫菊,以花或全草入药;具有杀虫的功效;外用治疥癣;可杀蚊、蝇、虱、蛆。杜衡为马兜铃科植物杜衡的根茎及根或全草;具有杀虫的功效。冻绿刺为鼠李科植物圆叶鼠李的茎叶、根皮;具有杀虫,下气,祛痰的功效。昏鸡头为鳞毛蕨科植物山地贯众的根茎;具有活血散瘀,止血,杀虫的功效。独脚柑为玄参科植物独脚金的全草;具有杀虫,解毒的功效。
本方案具有杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的功效,在樟叶蜂幼虫羽化之前将其杀灭,可防止其成虫和交尾,快速减少樟叶蜂的数量。
优化方案一,作为基础方案的优化,按重量份数计,还包括蟾蜍13-15份。蟾蜍为蟾蜍科动物中华大蟾蜍或黑眶蟾蜍等的全体;具有破症结,行水湿,化毒,杀虫,定痛的功效。本方案进一步增大了杀虫的功效,杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的效果更好。
优化方案二,作为优化方案一的优化,按重量份数计,还包括佛葵6-9份。佛葵茄科佛葵,以全草入药;具有杀虫,解毒的功效。本方案又进一步增加了杀虫的功效,杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的效果更显著。
优化方案三,作为优化方案二的优化,按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶31份、除虫菊24份、杜衡24份、冻绿刺17份、昏鸡头13份,独脚柑10份、蟾蜍14份、佛葵7份、白降丹5份组成的。白降丹的原料包括朱砂、雄黄各2钱,水银1两,硼砂5钱,火硝、食盐、白矾、皂矾各1.5两;或明矾、皂矾、水银、食盐、火硝各2.5两,雄黄、朱砂、硼砂各4钱。白降丹具有杀虫的功效。本方案更进一步增加了杀虫的功效,杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的效果更加显著。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明:
实验方法:选取200棵香樟树,每20棵为1组,实验分为10组。
第一组空白组:不施用任何药物。
第二组对照I组:所施肥料与第一组相同;另外在幼果期,叶面喷施磷酸二氢钾300倍液。
第三组对照II组:0.5公斤雷公藤粉加清水75公斤制成药液(煎煮中药的方法)喷射苗木,喷杀幼虫。
第四组至第十组用0.5公斤组合物加清水75公斤制成药液(煎煮中药的方法)喷射苗木,喷杀幼虫。
第四组实验A组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶25份、除虫菊20份、杜衡20份、冻绿刺15份、昏鸡头11份、独脚柑7份组成的。
第五组实验B组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶32份、除虫菊25份、杜衡25份、冻绿刺20份、昏鸡头14份、独脚柑11份组成的。
第六组实验C组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶30份、除虫菊23份、杜衡23份、冻绿刺16份、昏鸡头12份、独脚柑8份、蟾蜍13份组成的。
第七组实验D组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶26份、除虫菊21份、杜衡21份、冻绿刺19份、昏鸡头11.5份、独脚柑9份、蟾蜍15份组成的。
第八组实验E组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶27份、除虫菊22份、杜衡22份、冻绿刺18份、昏鸡头12.3份、独脚柑7.5份、蟾蜍13.5份、佛葵6份组成的。
第九组实验F组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶26份、除虫菊23.5份、杜衡23.5份、冻绿刺15.5份、昏鸡头13.7份、独脚柑9.2份、蟾蜍14.5份、佛葵9份组成的。
第十组实验G组:所施肥料按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶31份、除虫菊24份、杜衡24份、冻绿刺17份、昏鸡头13份,独脚柑10份、蟾蜍14份、佛葵7份、白降丹5份组成的。
实验结果:第一组香樟树上部有70-80%的嫩叶被吃光。第二组香樟树上部有20-30%的能也被吃光。第三组香樟树上有25-35%的嫩叶被吃光。第四组有10-15%的嫩叶被吃光。第五组有10-15%的嫩叶被吃光。第六组有8-12%的嫩叶被吃光。第七组有8-12%的嫩叶被吃光。第八组有5-8%的嫩叶被吃光。第九组有5-8%的嫩叶被吃光。第十组有不到5%的嫩叶被吃光。
实验结果分析:第二组和第三组属于现有技术组,第三组至第十组属于本发明的方案,由以上结果可以看出,本发明相比现有技术对于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫具有更加显著的效果。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的使用方法及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明的前提下,还可以作出若干改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。本申请要求的保护范围应当以其权利要求的内容为准,说明书中的具体实施方式等记载可以用于解释权利要求的内容。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数计,包括雀榕叶25-32份、除虫菊20-25份、杜衡20-25份、冻绿刺15-20份、昏鸡头11-14份、独脚柑7-11份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数计,还包括蟾蜍13-15份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数计,还包括佛葵6-9份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于杀灭樟叶蜂幼虫的组合物,其特征在于,按重量份数计,是由雀榕叶31份、除虫菊24份、杜衡24份、冻绿刺17份、昏鸡头13份,独脚柑10份、蟾蜍14份、佛葵7份、白降丹5份组成的。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN108432827A (zh) * 2018-04-24 2018-08-24 杨杰 一种植物源蔬菜杀虫剂、制备方法及应用
CN108432827B (zh) * 2018-04-24 2020-12-18 登封市绿奥农林科技有限公司 一种植物源蔬菜杀虫剂、制备方法及应用

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