CN106323599A - Method for detecting imaging quality of large-field telescope optical system - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量的检测方法，包括以下步骤：第一步：基准视场标定；第二步：测量视场改变，调整平行光源(1)的出射角度；第三步：波前探测器(4)定位，根据定位闭环结构调整六维运动台(5)的位置和姿态，直至波前探测器(4)与被测大视场望远镜(6)处于共焦位置；第四步：成像质量检测，依据波前探测器(4)的测量数据，利用波前复原算法，得到被测大视场望远镜(6)的成像质量；重复第二步至第四步，直至完成全视场范围的检测。本发明解决了大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量的检测问题，克服了目前以中心视场成像质量近似表示全视场成像质量的不足，实现了全视场的自动检测，提高了检测准确度。
The invention relates to a method for detecting the imaging quality of an optical system of a large field of view telescope, comprising the following steps: the first step: standard field of view calibration; the second step: measuring the change of the field of view, and adjusting the exit angle of a parallel light source (1); Three steps: the wavefront detector (4) is positioned, and the position and attitude of the six-dimensional motion table (5) are adjusted according to the positioning closed-loop structure until the wavefront detector (4) and the measured large field of view telescope (6) are confocal Position; the fourth step: imaging quality detection, according to the measurement data of wavefront detector (4), utilize wavefront restoration algorithm, obtain the imaging quality of measured large field of view telescope (6); repeat second step to fourth step , until the detection of the entire field of view is completed. The invention solves the detection problem of the imaging quality of the optical system of the large field of view telescope, overcomes the current deficiency that the imaging quality of the center field of view is used to approximate the imaging quality of the whole field of view, realizes the automatic detection of the whole field of view, and improves the detection accuracy.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于光电望远镜检测技术领域，特别涉及一种大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量的检测方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric telescope detection, and in particular relates to a method for detecting the imaging quality of an optical system of a large field of view telescope.
背景技术Background technique
光学望远镜是人类认知太空的重要科学设备，科学家们针对不同的观测和研究目标，对光学望远镜的口径、焦距、工作波段、视场、成像质量等重要指标都提出了较高的要求。大视场光学望远镜在一定的天文观测时间内，能够获取更多的天体信息，提高了使用效率，一直受到科学家和天文观测者的青睐。Optical telescopes are important scientific equipment for human beings to understand space. Scientists have put forward higher requirements for important indicators such as the aperture, focal length, working band, field of view, and imaging quality of optical telescopes for different observation and research goals. Wide-field optical telescopes can obtain more information on celestial bodies within a certain period of astronomical observation, which improves the efficiency of use, and has always been favored by scientists and astronomical observers.
目前，光学望远镜通常采用卡塞格林或格里高里系统，它的分辨力较高，成像质量达到衍射极限级别，但是视场有限，其全视场范围内的成像质量差别不大，因此可以仅检测其中心视场状态下的成像质量，代替全视场的检测结果。但是，针对大视场望远镜，特别是应用于空间测量领域，要求全视场范围内成像质量达到近衍射极限级别，就不能采用这种检测方法，因为在实际的工程研制过程中，不同视场状态下，加工、安装等因素引起的误差存在较大差别，中心视场的检测结果仅能够表示较小毗邻视场范围的成像质量，而不能表征全视场范围内的结果。At present, optical telescopes usually use the Cassegrain or Gregorian system, which has high resolution and the imaging quality reaches the diffraction limit level, but the field of view is limited, and the imaging quality in the entire field of view is not much different, so it can Only the imaging quality in the central field of view is detected, instead of the detection results of the full field of view. However, for large field of view telescopes, especially in the field of space measurement, the imaging quality in the entire field of view is required to reach the near-diffraction limit level, so this detection method cannot be used, because in the actual engineering development process, different fields of view In this state, the errors caused by factors such as processing and installation are quite different. The detection results of the central field of view can only represent the imaging quality of a small adjacent field of view, but cannot represent the results of the entire field of view.
针对目前望远镜成像质量检测方法中的不足，本发明提出了一种准确检测全视场成像质量的方法，并能自动完成检测。Aiming at the deficiencies in the existing methods for detecting the imaging quality of the telescope, the invention proposes a method for accurately detecting the imaging quality of the full field of view, which can automatically complete the detection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决目前望远镜光学系统成像质量检测中，存在的以中心视场检测结果近似表示全视场结果的问题，特别是针对全视场范围具备近衍射极限成像质量的大视场望远镜，本发明提供了一种大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量检测方法。In order to solve the problem that existing detection results of the central field of view approximately represent the results of the full field of view in the imaging quality inspection of the current telescope optical system, especially for large field of view telescopes with near-diffraction-limit imaging quality in the entire field of view, the present invention provides A detection method for the imaging quality of the optical system of a large field of view telescope is proposed.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案具体如下：In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the present invention is specifically as follows:
本发明采用的技术方案为：一种大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量的检测方法，利用的检测装置包括平行光源及其二维运动台、波前探测器及其六维运动台、计算机，其中计算机、二维运动台、六维运动台和波前探测器组成控制系统，计算机、波前探测器和六维运动台组成定位闭环结构，其特征在于，该检测方法包括以下步骤：The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a detection method for the imaging quality of the optical system of a large field of view telescope, the detection device used includes a parallel light source and its two-dimensional motion table, a wavefront detector and its six-dimensional motion table, and a computer, wherein The computer, the two-dimensional motion table, the six-dimensional motion table and the wavefront detector form a control system, and the computer, the wavefront detector and the six-dimensional motion table form a positioning closed-loop structure. It is characterized in that the detection method includes the following steps:
第一步：基准视场标定，将平行光源调整至中心视场位置，然后安装并调整波前探测器至被测大视场望远镜的共焦位置；Step 1: Calibrate the reference field of view, adjust the parallel light source to the center of the field of view, and then install and adjust the wavefront detector to the confocal position of the large field of view telescope under test;
第二步：测量视场改变，通过二维运动台调整平行光源的倾斜和俯仰姿态，达到被测大视场望远镜所需的入射视场角；Step 2: Measure the change of the field of view, and adjust the tilt and pitch attitude of the parallel light source through the two-dimensional motion table to achieve the incident field of view angle required by the large field of view telescope under test;
第三步：波前探测器定位，根据定位闭环结构调整六维运动台的位置和姿态，直至波前探测器与被测大视场望远镜处于共焦位置；Step 3: Position the wavefront detector, adjust the position and attitude of the six-dimensional motion stage according to the positioning closed-loop structure until the wavefront detector and the measured large-field telescope are in the confocal position;
第四步：成像质量检测，计算机依据波前探测器的测量数据，利用相关的波前复原算法，计算得到被测望远镜光学系统的成像质量；Step 4: Imaging quality inspection. The computer calculates the imaging quality of the optical system of the telescope under test by using the relevant wavefront restoration algorithm based on the measurement data of the wavefront detector;
重复第二至四步，直至完成全视场范围成像质量的检测。Repeat the second to fourth steps until the inspection of the imaging quality of the entire field of view is completed.
更进一步的，所述的平行光源，可以采用反射式或透射式，有效口径需大于被测望远镜的有效口径。Further, the parallel light source can be reflective or transmissive, and the effective aperture must be larger than the effective aperture of the telescope under test.
更进一步的，所述的测量视场需在检测之前，根据被测望远镜的视场范围和检测要求确定，可以按方形或圆形分布形式选择。Further, the measurement field of view needs to be determined according to the field of view range of the telescope under test and the detection requirements before detection, and can be selected in the form of square or circular distribution.
更进一步的，所述的波前探测器可以采用哈特曼传感器、剪切干涉仪或曲率测量仪。Furthermore, the wavefront detector can be a Hartmann sensor, a shear interferometer or a curvature measuring instrument.
更进一步的，所述的二维运动台是指在垂直于平行光源光轴平面内具备两个正交旋转自由度的运动台。Furthermore, the two-dimensional motion table refers to a motion table with two orthogonal rotational degrees of freedom in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the parallel light source.
更进一步的，所述的六维运动台是指具备空间六个自由度的运动台。Furthermore, the six-dimensional motion table refers to a motion table with six degrees of freedom in space.
更进一步的，所述的系统控制结构中，计算机用于计算、存储波前信息和视场信息，其输入信息包括波前探测器测量的波前信息，输出信息为二维运动台的运动控制指令、六维运动台的运动控制指令、所有视场状态下被测大视场望远镜的成像质量。Further, in the system control structure, the computer is used to calculate and store wavefront information and field of view information, its input information includes the wavefront information measured by the wavefront detector, and the output information is the motion control of the two-dimensional motion platform command, the motion control command of the six-dimensional motion platform, and the imaging quality of the measured large field of view telescope in all field of view states.
更进一步的，所述的定位闭环结构由波前探测器、六维运动台与计算机组成，波前探测器测量波前信息，计算机处理波前信息和子孔径光斑分布信息，并提取倾斜、俯仰和离焦数据，根据坐标耦合关系，调整六维运动台空间姿态，直至实现波前探测器的匹配透镜与被测大视场望远镜处于共焦位置。Furthermore, the positioning closed-loop structure is composed of a wavefront detector, a six-dimensional motion platform and a computer. The wavefront detector measures wavefront information, and the computer processes the wavefront information and sub-aperture spot distribution information, and extracts the tilt, pitch and According to the defocus data, adjust the spatial attitude of the six-dimensional motion table according to the coordinate coupling relationship until the matching lens of the wavefront detector and the measured large-field telescope are in the confocal position.
本发明具有以下的有益效果：The present invention has following beneficial effect:
本发明的大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量的检测方法，解决了大视场望远镜全视场成像质量检测的问题，克服了目前采用单视场检测结果近似表示全视场成像质量检测的不足，提高了检测结果的准确度。为大视场望远镜光学系统成像质量的检测提供了一种可以借鉴并行之有效地方法。The detection method of the imaging quality of the optical system of the large field of view telescope of the present invention solves the problem of the detection of the imaging quality of the entire field of view of the large field of view telescope, and overcomes the shortcomings of currently using the detection results of the single field of view to approximate the detection of the imaging quality of the entire field of view. The accuracy of the detection result is improved. It provides an effective method that can be used for reference and is effective for the inspection of the imaging quality of the optical system of the large field of view telescope.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为大视场望远镜成像质量检测示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the imaging quality inspection of the large field of view telescope.
图2为视场划分示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of field of view division.
图3为全视场成像质量检测流程图。Figure 3 is a flow chart of full-field imaging quality inspection.
图4为波前探测器定位流程图。Figure 4 is a flow chart of wavefront detector positioning.
图5为波前探测器定位过程中子孔径光斑分布示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of sub-aperture spot distribution in the wavefront detector positioning process.
图中附图标记含义为：1为平行光源，2为二维运动台，3为计算机，4为波前探测器，5为六维运动台，6为被测大视场望远镜。The meanings of reference numerals in the figure are: 1 is a parallel light source, 2 is a two-dimensional motion platform, 3 is a computer, 4 is a wavefront detector, 5 is a six-dimensional motion table, and 6 is a large field of view telescope under test.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做以详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明涉及的检测装置见图1，主要包括平行光源1及其二维运动台2、波前探测器4及其六维运动台5、计算机3等，计算机3、二维运动台2、六维运动台5和波前探测器4组成控制系统，计算机3、波前探测器4和六维运动台5组成定位闭环结构。The detection device involved in the present invention is shown in Fig. 1, mainly comprises parallel light source 1 and its two-dimensional moving platform 2, wavefront detector 4 and its six-dimensional moving platform 5, computer 3 etc., computer 3, two-dimensional moving platform 2, six-dimensional moving platform The three-dimensional moving platform 5 and the wavefront detector 4 form a control system, and the computer 3, the wavefront detector 4 and the six-dimensional moving platform 5 form a positioning closed-loop structure.
图1中，平行光源1采用了离轴反射式平行光源，并固定安装于二维运动台2工作面上，二维运动台2具备两个正交旋转自由度，即俯仰和倾斜，用于调整平行光源1入射被测大视场望远镜6的视场角。波前探测器4为哈特曼波前探测器，用于探测波前信息，六维运动台5具备空间六个自由度，用于调整波前探测器4的空间位置和姿态。计算机3主要有三项工作，一是计算、存储视场信息，控制二维运动台2的调整；二是处理波前探测器4记录的波前信息，在定位闭环结构中，利用波前信息中的倾斜、俯仰和离焦项数值，以及子孔径光斑分布信息，通过坐标耦合关系，向六维运动台5发送相应的运动指令；三是根据波前信息计算成像质量。控制系统的作用是满足全视场范围内视场改变、波前探测器4定位和成像质量计算的准确进行，定位闭环结构的作用是保证单个视场检测中，波前探测器4能够准确地与被测大视场望远镜6处于共焦位置。In Fig. 1, the parallel light source 1 adopts an off-axis reflective parallel light source, and is fixedly installed on the working surface of the two-dimensional motion table 2. The two-dimensional motion table 2 has two orthogonal rotation degrees of freedom, namely pitch and tilt, for Adjust the viewing angle at which the parallel light source 1 is incident on the large viewing field telescope 6 under test. The wavefront detector 4 is a Hartmann wavefront detector for detecting wavefront information, and the six-dimensional motion table 5 has six degrees of freedom in space for adjusting the spatial position and attitude of the wavefront detector 4 . The computer 3 mainly has three tasks, one is to calculate and store the field of view information, and control the adjustment of the two-dimensional motion platform 2; the other is to process the wavefront information recorded by the wavefront detector 4, and use the wavefront information in the positioning closed-loop structure The values of the tilt, pitch and defocus items, as well as the sub-aperture spot distribution information, send corresponding motion instructions to the six-dimensional motion table 5 through the coordinate coupling relationship; the third is to calculate the imaging quality according to the wavefront information. The function of the control system is to meet the change of the field of view within the entire field of view, the positioning of the wavefront detector 4 and the accurate calculation of the imaging quality. The function of the positioning closed-loop structure is to ensure that the wavefront detector 4 can accurately It is in a confocal position with the measured large field of view telescope 6 .
在成像质量检测前，先根据被测大视场望远镜6的视场范围和检测要求确定需要检测的视场，可以按方形、圆形等分布形式选择，如图2所示，图2中以不同视场像点位置作为识别，每个视场进行编号FOVi，对应的平行光源视场角为(ui，vi)，像点的坐标及姿态为(xi，yi，zi，αi，βi，γi)。Before the imaging quality inspection, the field of view to be detected is first determined according to the field of view range and detection requirements of the large field of view telescope 6 to be tested, and can be selected according to distribution forms such as squares and circles, as shown in Figure 2. The position of the image point in different fields of view is used as identification, and each field of view is numbered FOV i , the corresponding field angle of the parallel light source is (u i , v i ), and the coordinates and attitude of the image point are ( xi , y i , zi , α i , β i , γ i ).
图3给出了全视场成像质量检测的流程图，主要分为四步，如下做出详细介绍。Figure 3 shows the flow chart of the full-field imaging quality inspection, which is mainly divided into four steps, which are described in detail as follows.
第一步，基准视场标定，通常选择中心视场作为基准视场，记为FOV0，对应的平行光源1视场角为(u0，v0)，像点的坐标及姿态为(x0，y0，z0，α0，β0，γ0)。先将被测大视场望远镜6安装在检测台(未画出)，再利用二维运动台2将平行光源1调整至被测大视场望远镜6的中心视场位置，然后在被测大视场望远镜6的像点位置安装波前探测器4，并利用六维运动台5调整至共焦位置，如图1所示。The first step is to calibrate the reference field of view. Usually, the central field of view is selected as the reference field of view, which is denoted as FOV 0 . 0 , y 0 , z 0 , α 0 , β 0 , γ 0 ). First install the measured large field of view telescope 6 on the detection platform (not shown), then use the two-dimensional motion table 2 to adjust the parallel light source 1 to the central field of view position of the measured large field of view telescope 6, and then The image point position of the field of view telescope 6 is equipped with a wavefront detector 4, and is adjusted to a confocal position by using a six-dimensional motion table 5, as shown in FIG. 1 .
第二步，测量视场改变，根据选择需要测量的视场FOVi，及上一个测量视场FOVi-1，使然后通过二维运动台2调整倾斜和俯仰角度θtukt，θtip，使平行光源1达到被测大视场望远镜6所需的入射视场角ui，vi，按图1所示的结构，可以计算出如下结果。The second step is to measure the change of the field of view. According to the selection of the field of view FOV i to be measured and the previous measurement field of view FOV i-1 , then adjust the tilt and pitch angles θ tukt and θ tip through the two-dimensional motion table 2, so that Parallel light source 1 reaches the incident field angle u i , v i required by the large field of view telescope 6 under test. According to the structure shown in FIG. 1 , the following results can be calculated.
θtilt＝ui-ui-1，θtip＝vi-vi-1 θ tilt =u i -u i-1 , θ tip =v i -v i-1
第三步，波前探测器定位，该步的目的是将波前探测器4从上一视场像点位置准确地调整至被测视场的像点位置，它利用定位闭环结构实现，如图1所示，像点从实点到虚点运动。图4给出了波前探测器4定位的流程图，首先利用测量视场FOVi的视场角ui，vi，计算被测大视场望远镜6像点的理论位置(x′i，y′i，z′i，)，计算公式如下，The third step is the positioning of the wavefront detector. The purpose of this step is to accurately adjust the wavefront detector 4 from the image point position of the previous field of view to the image point position of the measured field of view. It is realized by using a positioning closed-loop structure, such as As shown in Figure 1, the image point moves from a real point to a virtual point. Figure 4 shows the flow chart of wavefront detector 4 positioning . Firstly , the theoretical position (x′ i , y′ i , z′ i , ), the calculation formula is as follows,
x′i，＝f tan(vi)+x0 x′ i ,=f tan(v i )+x 0
y′i，＝f tan(ui)+y0 y′ i ,=f tan(u i )+y 0
z′i＝z0 z′ i =z 0
其中，f为被测大视场望远镜6的焦距，姿态与上一视场相同FOVi-1，为(αi-1，βi-1，γi-1)，通过六维运动台5将波前探测器4运动相应理论位置，在该像点附近寻找入射光，根据子孔径光斑的分布以及波前探测器4探测到波前信息中的倾斜、俯仰和离焦项数据闭环调整波前探测器4的位置和姿态，如图5所示，左图表示理想像点附近的子孔径光斑分布，左、上部分子孔径没有光斑，同时波前信息中存在的倾斜、俯仰和离焦项数据分别为Zntilt，Zntip，Zndefocus，此时，计算机根据子孔径光斑分布形式和波前信息，通过坐标耦合关系，向六维运动台5发送指令，在闭环过程中，实时调整运动指令，最终使所有子孔径都存在光斑，并且倾斜、俯仰和离焦项数据达到容许误差范围etilt、etip、edefocus，此时，闭环终止，波前探测器4调整至被测大视场望远镜6的共焦位置，子孔径光斑分布如图5右图所示，得到的像点位置和姿态数据如下式所示：Among them, f is the focal length of the measured large field of view telescope 6, and the posture is the same as the previous field of view FOV i-1 , which is (α i-1 , β i-1 , γ i-1 ), through the six-dimensional motion platform 5 Move the wavefront detector 4 to the corresponding theoretical position, search for the incident light near the image point, and adjust the wavefront in a closed loop according to the distribution of the sub-aperture spot and the data of the tilt, pitch and defocus items in the wavefront information detected by the wavefront detector 4. The position and attitude of the front detector 4, as shown in Figure 5, the left figure shows the sub-aperture spot distribution near the ideal image point, the left and upper part of the sub-aperture has no light spot, and the tilt, pitch and defocus items in the wavefront information The data are Zn tilt , Zn tip , and Zn defocus . At this time, the computer sends instructions to the six-dimensional motion table 5 through the coordinate coupling relationship according to the sub-aperture spot distribution form and wavefront information, and adjusts the motion instructions in real time during the closed-loop process. , and finally all the sub-apertures have light spots, and the tilt, pitch and defocus item data reach the allowable error range e tilt , e tip , e defocus , at this time, the closed loop is terminated, and the wavefront detector 4 is adjusted to the measured large field of view The confocal position of the telescope 6 and the sub-aperture spot distribution are shown in the right figure of Figure 5, and the obtained image point position and attitude data are shown in the following formula:
(x′i，y′i，z′i，αi-1，βi-1，γi-1)→(xi，yi，zi，αi，βi，γi)。(x' i , y' i , z' i , α i-1 , β i-1 , γ i-1 )→(x i , y i , z i , α i , β i , γ i ).
第四步，成像质量测量，根据波前探测器4测量的波前信息，计算机利用波前复原算法，如模式法、区域法等，得到复原波面以及其面型的相关统计参数，进而转换为成像质量评价函数，如斯特列尔比SR等，如下式表示：The fourth step is to measure the imaging quality. According to the wavefront information measured by the wavefront detector 4, the computer uses the wavefront restoration algorithm, such as the mode method, the area method, etc., to obtain the relevant statistical parameters of the restored wavefront and its surface shape, and then convert it into Imaging quality evaluation functions, such as Strehl ratio SR, etc., are expressed as follows:
σ表示复原波面面型的RMS值，λ表示平行光源1的波长，其他成像质量评价函数可以根据相关转换公式计算。σ represents the RMS value of the restored wavefront type, λ represents the wavelength of the parallel light source 1, and other imaging quality evaluation functions can be calculated according to relevant conversion formulas.
控制系统根据测量视场顺序，重复第二步至第四步，直至完成全视场范围成像质量的检测。The control system repeats the second step to the fourth step according to the order of the measured field of view until the inspection of the imaging quality of the entire field of view is completed.
上述实施例仅是为了清楚说明本发明的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。The above-mentioned embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation. It is not necessary and impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation manners here. However, the obvious changes or changes derived therefrom still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
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