CN106320400B - A kind of compaction pile sampler - Google Patents
A kind of compaction pile sampler Download PDFInfo
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- CN106320400B CN106320400B CN201610952892.4A CN201610952892A CN106320400B CN 106320400 B CN106320400 B CN 106320400B CN 201610952892 A CN201610952892 A CN 201610952892A CN 106320400 B CN106320400 B CN 106320400B
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- hydraulic cylinder
- reversal valve
- support frame
- soil
- sampler
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses kind of a high degree of automations, detection accuracy height, easy to operate compaction pile sampler.It include: lifting device, support device and withdrawing device, the lifting device control support device and withdrawing device rise or fall.Package unit high degree of automation solves the efficiency and safety problem for needing artificial lower well operations, improves operating efficiency, it is ensured that the accuracy of testing result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to foundation detection technical fields, more particularly to a kind of compaction pile sampler.
Background technique
Currently, in foundation detection, such as collapsible loess foundation, detection for compaction pile, traditional approach is usually
It is program-controlled using Luoyang Spade, then underground is entered by construction personnel, manual sampling operation is carried out, manual sampling one side operating efficiency is very
Low, on the other hand different construction workers carries out the quality difference of underground work, therefore seriously affects the accuracy of detection,
Meanwhile underground work can also have some potential safety problems.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of high degree of automations, detection accuracy height, operation side
Just compaction pile sampler.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of compaction pile sampler of the invention, comprising:
Lifting device: including mechanical driving device, and it is connected to the wirerope of mechanical driving device output end, the machine
Tool transmission device controls the wirerope and rises or falls:
Support device: including support frame and support frame hydraulic cylinder, the output end and support frame of support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder connect
It connects, support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder controls support frame as described above and stretches out or withdraw；
Withdrawing device: including fuel tank, the fuel tank is connected to the lower end of the wirerope, is equipped with above the fuel tank
Soil sampler, the soil sampler are connected to by conveying oil pipe with fuel tank, and sampling hydraulic cylinder, the sampling are equipped on the soil sampler
Hydraulic cylinder one end is connect with the output end of conveying oil pipe, and the other end is connect with soil sampler, and soil sample pine is provided on the soil sampler
Hydrodynamic cylinder pressure, the output end that the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder are connect with soil sampler, and the other end is connected to fuel tank, and the soil sample loosens
Hydraulic cylinder and sampling hydraulic cylinder co- controlling soil sampler work；
Lifting device control support device and withdrawing device rise or fall.
Further, the jacking system further includes wireless operation device, and is communicated to connect with the wireless operation device
The wireless signal receiver being fixed on the mechanical driving device, the wireless signal receiver receives described wireless
Operating device, and control mechanical driving device.
Further, the quantity of support frame as described above is four.
Further, four support frames as described above are symmetrically disposed in well, are placed in above the fuel tank, support frame as described above branch
When supportting the withdrawing device, each support frame as described above one end is fixed on well inner wall, and the other end is extended to by support frame hydraulic cylinder
In the soil of the other side of fuel tank.
Further, oil pump and Oil pump electrical machinery are installed, the Oil pump electrical machinery controls the oil pump on the fuel tank.
Further, the oil pump is unidirectional quantitative oil pump.
Further, the fuel tank on overflow valve is installed, the overflow valve is electrically connected with alarm, the overflow valve
When overflow, the alarm equipment alarm；The input terminal of support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder is equipped with the first reversal valve, first reversal valve
Control support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder；The input terminal of the sampling hydraulic cylinder is equipped with the second reversal valve, the second reversal valve control
Make the sampling hydraulic cylinder；The input terminal that the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder is equipped with third reversal valve, the third reversal valve control
It makes the soil sample and loosens hydraulic cylinder；
First reversal valve, the second reversal valve and third reversal valve are by solenoid valve control.
Further, there are three types of states for the first reversal valve tool, and respectively a left side is opened, the right side is opened and is completely closed, institute
When stating the first reversal valve and being opened in a left side, the first reversal valve control support frame hydraulic cylinder ejection, support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder
It controls support frame and is inserted into soil；When first reversal valve is opened in the right side, first reversal valve controls support frame hydraulic cylinder
It withdraws, support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder control support frame sets back；First reversal valve is in when completely closing, the support
Frame hydraulic cylinder and support frame as described above are stationary.
Further, there are three types of states for the second reversal valve tool, and respectively a left side is opened, the right side is opened and is completely closed, institute
When stating the second reversal valve and opening in a left side, the second reversal valve control sampling hydraulic cylinder ejection, the sampling hydraulic cylinder is controlled
Soil sampler is pressed into soil；When second reversal valve is opened in the right side, the second reversal valve control sampling hydraulic cylinder is withdrawn, institute
Sampling hydraulic cylinder control soil sampler is stated to set back；Second reversal valve is in when completely closing, the sampling hydraulic cylinder with
Soil sampler is stationary.
Further, there are three types of states for the third reversal valve tool, and a left side is opened respectively, the right side is opened and is completely closed, described
When third reversal valve is opened in a left side, the third reversal valve controls the soil sample loosening hydraulic cylinder and is flipped up, the soil sample
The hydraulic cylinder control soil sampler is loosened to be flipped up；When the third reversal valve is opened in the right side, the third reversal valve control
It makes the soil sample loosening hydraulic cylinder to downwardly turn over, the soil sample loosens the hydraulic cylinder control soil sampler and sets back；Described
Three reversal valves are in when completely closing, and the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder and soil sampler is stationary.
A kind of compaction pile sampler of the invention the utility model has the advantages that
Electric-control system is added by Mechanical course, the device of the invention can replace manual sampling, improve sampling operation
Efficiency, while having the accuracy that can guarantee sampling, it is ensured that detection data is accurate.
The above description is only an overview of the technical scheme of the present invention, in order to better understand the technical means of the present invention,
And can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of compaction pile sampler of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of System Control Figure of compaction pile sampler shown in FIG. 1.
1, fuel tank；2, oil pump；3, Oil pump electrical machinery；4, hydraulic cylinder is sampled；5, oil pipe is conveyed；6, soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder；7,
Soil sampler；8, wirerope；9, support frame hydraulic cylinder；10, support frame；11, mechanical driving device；12, wireless signal receiver；
13, wireless operation device；14, filter；15, speed governing valve；16, overflow valve；17, the first reversal valve；18, the second reversal valve；19,
Third reversal valve.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of specific compaction pile sampler, comprising: lifting device: filled including machine driving
Set 11, and be connected to the wirerope 8 of 11 output end of mechanical driving device, mechanical driving device 11 control wirerope 8 rise or
Decline: support device: including support frame 10 and support frame hydraulic cylinder 9, the output end and support frame 10 of support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 connect
It connects, support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 controls support frame 10 and stretches out or withdraw；Withdrawing device: including fuel tank 1, fuel tank 1 is connected to wirerope 8
Lower end, the top of fuel tank 1 is equipped with soil sampler 7, and soil sampler 7 is connected to by conveying oil pipe 5 with fuel tank 1, is installed on soil sampler 7
There is sampling hydraulic cylinder 4, sampling 4 one end of hydraulic cylinder is connect with the output end for conveying oil pipe 5, and the other end is connect with soil sampler 7, takes soil
It is provided with soil sample on device 7 and loosens hydraulic cylinder 6, the output end that soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder 6 is connect with soil sampler 7, and the other end is connected to
Fuel tank 1, soil sample loosen hydraulic cylinder 6 and sampling 4 co- controlling soil sampler 7 of hydraulic cylinder work；Lifting device control support device and
Withdrawing device rises or falls.
Jacking system further includes wireless operation device 13, and is fixed on mechanical biography with what wireless operation device 13 communicated to connect
Wireless signal receiver 12 on dynamic device 11, wireless signal receiver 12 receives wireless operation device 13, and controls machine
Tool transmission device 11.
In order to the support device in the case where wirerope 8 does not stress and withdrawing device can safety enter underground and in well
Lower normal sampling, the present invention devise four sets of support frames 10.And it is respectively symmetrically fixed on underground designated position, four sets of support frames 10
It is fixed with square surround of support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 being separately connected with support frame 10, is controlled by support in support frame 10 in this way
When frame hydraulic cylinder 9 stretches out, so that it may be stretched to by one end in the soil of 1 other end of fuel tank, and fixed, the fixed effect of four sets of support frames 10
Fruit is more preferable, and stable supporting device itself and sampler can be realized in the case where wirerope 8 does not stress, and guarantees the peace of sampling
Entirely, it goes on smoothly.
Wherein, oil pump 2 and Oil pump electrical machinery 3,3 control oil pump 2 of Oil pump electrical machinery are installed on fuel tank 1.Simultaneously again in fuel tank 1
Output end has added filter 14, and when Oil pump electrical machinery 3 starts, oil pump 2 extracts the oil in fuel tank 1 and supplies package unit
Can, the oil in fuel tank 1 is filtered through filter 14, and the oil for allowing it to export does not have impurity, and uses oil condition in best；Oil pump 2
After pressurization, the adjusting of speed governing valve 15 through 1 process downstream of fuel tank flows to every reversal valve, while reversal valve is controlled by solenoid valve, real
The state change of existing reversal valve, to complete the work of each component.Entirely from high degree of automation, hand labor cost is reduced.
Overflow valve 16 is installed on fuel tank 1, overflow valve 16 is electrically connected with alarm, when 16 overflow of overflow valve, alarm
Alarm；The input terminal of support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 is equipped with the first reversal valve 17, and the first reversal valve 17 controls support frame hydraulic cylinder 9；It takes
The input terminal of sample liquid cylinder pressure 4 is equipped with the second reversal valve 18, the second reversal valve 18 control sampling hydraulic cylinder 4；Soil sample loosens hydraulic
The input terminal of cylinder 6 is equipped with third reversal valve 19, and third reversal valve 19 controls soil sample and loosens hydraulic cylinder 6；
Wherein, oil pump 2 of the invention is unidirectional quantitative oil pump.Oil can not flow back after fuel tank 1 is fuel-displaced, when reversal valve starts
Afterwards, extra oil can enter overflow valve 16, overflow be carried out in overflow valve 16, and alarm, and prompt operator's operation
Carry out degree.Visual work degree is high, guarantees that smooth, the safety of operation carry out.
First reversal valve 17, the second reversal valve 18 and third reversal valve 19 of the invention is by solenoid valve control.
Specific operation process is as follows:
There are three types of states for first reversal valve 17 tool, and respectively a left side is opened, the right side is opened and is completely closed, at the first reversal valve 17
When a left side is opened, the first reversal valve 17 controls support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 and ejects, and support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 controls support frame 10 and is inserted into soil
Earth；When first reversal valve 17 is opened in the right side, the first reversal valve 17 controls support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 and withdraws, and support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 is controlled
Support frame 10 processed sets back；For first reversal valve 17 in when completely closing, support frame hydraulic cylinder 9 and support frame 10 are static not
It is dynamic.
There are three types of states for second reversal valve 18 tool, and respectively a left side is opened, the right side is opened and is completely closed, at the second reversal valve 18
When a left side is opened, the second reversal valve 18 control sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 is ejected, and sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 controls soil sampler 7 and is pressed into soil；The
When two reversal valves 18 are opened in the right side, the second reversal valve 18 control sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 is withdrawn, and sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 controls soil sampler 7
It sets back；For second reversal valve 18 in when completely closing, sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 and soil sampler 7 are stationary.
There are three types of states for the tool of third reversal valve 19, and a left side is opened respectively, the right side is opened and is completely closed, and third reversal valve 19 is in
When a left side is opened, third reversal valve 19 control soil sample loosen hydraulic cylinder 6 be flipped up, soil sample loosen hydraulic cylinder 6 control soil sampler 7 to
Upper overturning；When third reversal valve 19 is opened in the right side, third reversal valve 19 controls soil sample loosening hydraulic cylinder 6 and downwardly turns over, soil sample
The control soil sampler 7 of hydraulic cylinder 6 is loosened to set back；In when completely closing, soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder 6 and takes third reversal valve 19
Earthenware 7 is stationary.
When being sampled operation, it is operated first personnel and is input operation instruction in wireless operation device 13, wireless operation device
13 pairs of wireless signal receivers 12 output control signals, wireless signal receiver 12 upon receiving the control signal, according to thing
The operational order first inputted can control the starting of mechanical driving device 11, and mechanical driving device 11 drives wirerope 8 to move downward,
Wirerope 8 drives sampler to enter underground, then starts oil pump 2, and the pressurization of oil pump 2 exports the oil in fuel tank 1 outward, to each
Component energy supply, the oil first in fuel tank 1 carry out the first reversal valve 17, control of first reversal valve 17 in solenoid valve through speed governing valve 15
Lower to be first in left opening state, when the first reversal valve 17 is in left opening state, it is hydraulic that the first reversal valve 17 controls support frame
Cylinder 9 stretches out, and the support frame 10 connecting with 9 output end of support frame hydraulic cylinder is stretched out, and stretch to the soil of the other side of fuel tank 1
It is interior, it is inserted into soil, realizes support operation, at this moment, part oil can enter the overflow valve 16 at fuel tank 1,16 overflow of overflow valve, alarm
Device alarm after staff receives instruction, carries out further work；Then the second reversal valve of solenoid valve control 18 enters left open-minded
State, the second reversal valve 18 control sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 work, sampling hydraulic cylinder 4 control soil sampler 7 stretch out and be inserted into soil into
Row sampling, the oily overflow valve 16 entered at fuel tank 1 again of subsequent section, 16 overflow of overflow valve, alarm equipment alarm, staff receive
After instruction, into further work；Sampling soil is extracted, solenoid valve control third reversal valve 19 is in left opening state, third
Reversal valve 19 controls soil sample and loosens the work of hydraulic cylinder 6, meanwhile, control soil sampler 7 is flipped up, and realization takes soil, and then, oil stream enters
Overflow valve 16, the overflow again of overflow valve 16, alarm equipment alarm；The above are sampling operations.
After the completion of sampling, staff receives last time alarm signal, therefore, it is desirable to take to the soil sample of taking-up
Operation in well out.The first reversal valve of solenoid valve control 17 is in right opening state first, and the first reversal valve 17 controls support frame liquid
Cylinder pressure 9 resets, and support device no longer plays a supportive role, the stress again of wirerope 8, and controls the second commutation of the translation of soil sampler 7
Valve 18 starts to pull 7 operation of soil sampler, reversed with above-mentioned operation, and last mechanical driving device 11 pulls wirerope 8 and transports upwards
It is dynamic, sampler is taken out, entire sampling operation is completed.
Wherein mechanical driving device 11 is to be driven by electricity, and can show the height gone into the well and promoted, want to meet construction
It asks, the diameter of wirerope 8 generally uses the wirerope 8 of diameter 8-10mm, and the specifications design of soil sampler 7 of the invention is
100x100x200mm.The speed that wherein mechanical driving device 11 controls that sampler is gone into the well and promoted is no more than 0.5m/s, guarantees
The integrality of sampling can provide stable power with the operation of this speed.
Package unit high degree of automation solves the efficiency and safety problem for needing artificial lower well operations, improves
Operating efficiency, it is ensured that the accuracy of testing result.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, it is noted that for this skill
For the those of ordinary skill in art field, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, can also make it is several improvement and
Modification, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of compaction pile sampler characterized by comprising
Lifting device: including mechanical driving device (11), and it is connected to the wirerope of mechanical driving device (11) output end
(8), the mechanical driving device (11) controls the wirerope (8) and rises or falls:
Support device: including support frame (10) and support frame hydraulic cylinder (9), the output end and branch of support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder (9)
Support (10) connection, support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder (9) control support frame as described above (10) and stretch out or withdraw；
Withdrawing device: including fuel tank (1), the fuel tank (1) is connected to the lower end of the wirerope (8), the fuel tank (1) it is upper
Side is equipped with soil sampler (7), and the soil sampler (7) is connected to by conveying oil pipe (5) with fuel tank (1), is pacified on the soil sampler (7)
Equipped with sampling hydraulic cylinder (4), it is described sampling hydraulic cylinder (4) one end with convey oil pipe (5) output end connect, the other end with take soil
Device (7) connects, and soil sample is provided on the soil sampler (7) and loosens hydraulic cylinder (6), the soil sample loosens the output of hydraulic cylinder (6)
End is connect with soil sampler (7), and the other end is connected to fuel tank (1), and the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder (6) and sampling hydraulic cylinder (4) altogether
With control soil sampler (7) work；
Lifting device control support device and withdrawing device rise or fall.
2. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the jacking system further includes wireless
Operating device (13), and be fixed on the mechanical driving device (11) with what the wireless operation device (13) communicated to connect
Wireless signal receiver (12), the wireless signal receiver (12) receives the wireless operation device (13), and controls
Mechanical driving device (11).
3. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the quantity of support frame as described above (10) is
Four.
4. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 3, which is characterized in that four support frames as described above (10) are symmetrical
It is set in well, is placed in above the fuel tank (1), when support frame as described above (10) supports the withdrawing device, each branch
Support (10) one end is fixed on well inner wall, and the other end extends to the soil of the other side of fuel tank (1) by support frame hydraulic cylinder (9)
It is interior.
5. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 4, which is characterized in that be equipped with oil on the fuel tank (1)
(2) and Oil pump electrical machinery (3) are pumped, the Oil pump electrical machinery (3) controls the oil pump (2).
6. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the oil pump (2) is unidirectional quantitative
Oil pump.
7. a kind of compaction pile sampler as claimed in any of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the fuel tank
(1) it being equipped on overflow valve (16), the overflow valve (16) is electrically connected with alarm, when overflow valve (16) overflow, institute
State alarm equipment alarm；The input terminal of support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder (9) is equipped with the first reversal valve (17), first reversal valve
(17) support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder (9) are controlled；The input terminal of sampling hydraulic cylinder (4) is equipped with the second reversal valve (18), institute
It states the second reversal valve (18) and controls the sampling hydraulic cylinder (4)；The input terminal that the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder (6) is equipped with third
Reversal valve (19), the third reversal valve (19) control the soil sample and loosen hydraulic cylinder (6)；
First reversal valve (17), the second reversal valve (18) and third reversal valve (19) are by solenoid valve control.
8. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 7, which is characterized in that first reversal valve (17) has
Three kinds of states, respectively a left side are opened, the right side is opened and is completely closed, when first reversal valve (17) is opened in a left side, described
One reversal valve (17) controls support frame hydraulic cylinder (9) ejection, and support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder (9) controls support frame (10) insertion soil
Earth；When first reversal valve (17) is opened in the right side, the first reversal valve (17) control support frame hydraulic cylinder (9) is withdrawn,
Support frame as described above hydraulic cylinder (9) control support frame (10) sets back；First reversal valve (17) is in when completely closing, institute
It states support frame hydraulic cylinder (9) and support frame as described above (10) is stationary.
9. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 7, which is characterized in that second reversal valve (18) has
Three kinds of states, respectively a left side are opened, the right side is opened and is completely closed, when second reversal valve (18) is opened in a left side, described
Two reversal valves (18) control sampling hydraulic cylinder (4) ejection, sampling hydraulic cylinder (4) control soil sampler (7) are pressed into soil；It is described
When second reversal valve (18) is opened in the right side, the second reversal valve (18) control sampling hydraulic cylinder (4) is withdrawn, the sampling liquid
Cylinder pressure (4) control soil sampler (7) sets back；Second reversal valve (18) is in when completely closing, the sampling hydraulic cylinder
(4) and soil sampler (7) is stationary.
10. a kind of compaction pile sampler according to claim 7, which is characterized in that third reversal valve (19) tool
There are three types of state, a left side is opened respectively, the right side is opened and is completely closed, when the third reversal valve (19) is opened in a left side, described the
Three reversal valves (19) control soil sample loosening hydraulic cylinder (6) and are flipped up, and the soil sample loosens to be taken described in hydraulic cylinder (6) control
Earthenware (7) is flipped up；When the third reversal valve (19) is opened in the right side, the third reversal valve (19) controls the soil sample
It loosens hydraulic cylinder (6) to downwardly turn over, the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder (6) control soil sampler (7) and sets back；The third
Reversal valve (19) is in when completely closing, and the soil sample loosens hydraulic cylinder (6) and soil sampler (7) is stationary.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610952892.4A CN106320400B (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2016-11-03 | A kind of compaction pile sampler |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610952892.4A CN106320400B (en) | 2016-11-03 | 2016-11-03 | A kind of compaction pile sampler |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106320400A CN106320400A (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| CN106320400B true CN106320400B (en) | 2019-09-27 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109752211A (en) * | 2019-01-30 | 2019-05-14 | 中国二十冶集团有限公司 | A kind of lime-soil compaction pile sampler and method |
| CN113898016A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-07 | 王五洲 | Hydraulic engineering ground detection device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2561827Y (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2003-07-23 | 张鞍钢 | Deep hole digging and taking-out device |
| JP4386709B2 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2009-12-16 | 関西電力株式会社 | Material nondestructive inspection method and apparatus by laser ultrasonic wave |
| CN2793157Y (en) * | 2005-05-31 | 2006-07-05 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Soil column sampler |
| CN204212773U (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2015-03-18 | 西安航空学院 | A kind of loess sample automatic sampling equipment based on hydraulic cylinder |
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