CN106317364A - 一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106317364A
CN106317364A CN201510377508.8A CN201510377508A CN106317364A CN 106317364 A CN106317364 A CN 106317364A CN 201510377508 A CN201510377508 A CN 201510377508A CN 106317364 A CN106317364 A CN 106317364A
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李建忠
于守晓
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Shandong Huakai Plastic And Rubber Technology Inc Co
Qingdao Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法,它包括A组分和B组分两部分组成。所述组分A含有花生壳、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、催化剂、交联剂、发泡剂和稳定剂,所述B组分为异氰酸酯,其中,所述催化剂为含有二甲基乙醇胺、三亚乙基二胺、双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚、有机锡催化剂的混合催化剂。与现有聚氨酯泡沫相比,在相同的拉伸和撕裂性能前提下,本发明的聚合物泡沫组合物密度更低、成本更低,并且制备工艺简单。本发明提供的聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有保温、缓冲性能好等优点。

Description

一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料领域,涉及一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是农业生产大国,每年产生大量的花生壳等农业废弃物。目前,花生壳大部分被作为燃料直接焚烧掉,这既浪费了大量资源又污染环境。因此,对花生壳资源进行开发高效利用,提高其附加值,成为生物质开发的热点之一。
聚氨酯泡沫塑料因其优异的加工成型性能,被广泛地应用于各种绝热、防震、隔音、轻质结构件和座椅靠垫、包装等方面。但是,生产聚氨酯泡沫的原料异氰酸酯和多元醇来源于石油化工工业,异氰酸酯和多元醇价格比较贵。既消耗大量石油化工资源,又增加了生产成本。另外, 聚氨酯泡沫塑料在自然界中难于降解,这给环境造成了巨大的污染。而花生壳来源丰富、可再生、在环境中可降解,花生壳具有酚羟基以及多糖羟基,具有制备聚氨酯泡沫塑料的可行性,利用生物质废弃物花生壳制备可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料,将对我国发展循环经济有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用生物质废弃物花生壳制备可降解聚氨酯泡沫塑料,解决现有技术中聚氨酯泡沫塑料难降解、成本高的问题。
本发明提供的一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料,其原料由A组分和B组分两部分组成,所述A组分包括花生壳材料、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、催化剂、交联剂、发泡剂和稳定剂,所述B组分为异氰酸酯。
以100重量份的聚酯多元醇为基准,A组分中的聚酯多元醇含量为100份、聚醚多元醇的含量为5~300重量份,花生壳材料含量为40~400重量份、催化剂的含量为0.1~6重量份,交联剂的含量为1~10重量份,发泡剂的含量为2~8重量份,稳定剂的含量为1.2~1.5重量份;B组分中异氰酸酯含量为40~320重量份。
所述组分A中花生壳材料包括花生壳原材料、通过机械加工制备的不同粒度的花生壳粉体或通过化学液化方法获得的花生壳流体中的一种或几种。
所述聚酯多元醇的分子量为300~7000,聚醚多元醇的分子量为200~6000,所述B组分异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯和改性多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
所述催化剂为二甲基乙醇胺、三亚乙基二胺、双(二甲氨基乙基)醚和有机锡催化剂的混合催化剂,所述有机锡催化剂选自二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、辛酸亚锡、二醋酸二丁基锡和二马来酸二丁基锡中的一种或几种。
所述发泡剂为水、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、环戊烷、正戊烷、二氯甲烷、偶氮二甲酰胺中的一种或几种。
所述交联剂是二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、甘油、季戊四醇和三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种;所述泡沫稳定剂为二甲基硅油、四甲基硅油、石蜡油的一种或多种。
所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料应用于冰箱、冷柜、消毒柜、热水器、储罐、管道、外墙保温或器械包装。
本发明还提供了一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,将组分A充分混合,快速搅拌,使之搅拌均匀,将适量的B组分快速加入反应体系,快速搅拌2-15 min后,将其静置自由发泡、常温熟化,得到花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)花生壳总含量占泡沫总质量的10~60%,大大降低了聚氨酯泡沫塑料的成本;
(2)本发明提供的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有密度小、保温性能优良、缓冲性能好的优点,适合于冰箱、冷柜、消毒柜、热水器、储罐、管道、外墙保温以及作为缓冲材料应用于各种器械的包装领域。
具体实施方式
实施例一
花生壳预处理:将花生壳表面泥土和杂物去除干净、干燥,放入高速万能粉碎机中粉碎成粉,经过100目筛子筛选粉末,烘干花生壳粉。
A组分:
以100重量份的聚合物多醇和聚醚多元醇为基准,花生壳粉末的含量为110重量份,聚醚多元醇的含量为60重量份,催化剂的而含量为3量份,交联剂的含量为5重量份,发泡剂的含量为4重量份,稳定剂的含量为1.3重量份;催化剂中二甲基乙醇胺的含量为0.5重量份,三亚乙基二胺的含量为0.3重量份,双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚的含量为0.5重量份,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯的含量为0.5重量份;交联剂中二乙醇胺的含量为2重量份,三乙醇胺的含量为4重量份。
B组分:
甲苯二异氰酸酯含量为40重量份,多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯含量为60重量份。
将组分A充分混合,快速搅拌2 min,使之搅拌均匀,将适量的B组分快速加入反应体系,快速搅拌4 min,将其静置自由发泡、常温熟化,得到花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫材料,产品密度为39 kg/m3,抗压强度为109 kPa。
实施例二
花生壳预处理:将花生壳表面泥土和杂物去除干净、干燥,放入高速万能粉碎机中粉碎成粉,经过200目筛子筛选粉末,烘干花生壳粉。
A组分:
以100重量份的聚合物多醇和聚醚多元醇为基准,花生壳粉末的含量为180重量份,聚醚多元醇的含量为40重量份,催化剂的含量为4重量份,交联剂的含量6重量份,发泡剂的含量为6重量份,稳定剂的含量为1.4重量份;催化剂中二甲基乙醇胺的含量为0.6重量份,三亚乙基二胺的含量为0.3重量份,双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚的含量为1.0重量份,辛酸亚锡的含量为0.6重量份、二醋酸二丁基锡的含量为0.6重量份;交联剂中二乙醇胺的含量为1.5重量份,三乙醇胺的含量为5重量份。
B组分:
甲苯二异氰酸酯含量为60重量份,多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯含量为40重量份。
将组分A充分混合,快速速搅拌10 min,使之搅拌均匀,将B组分快速加入反应体系,快速搅拌大约3 min,将其静置自由发泡、常温熟化,得到花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫材料,产品密度为37 kg/m3,抗压强度为140 kPa。
实施例三
花生壳液化预处理:采用化学液化法处理花生壳,将花生壳表面泥土和杂物去除干净、干燥,放入高速万能粉碎机中粉碎成粉;将花生壳粉加入无机中强酸或有机强酸,在120~160℃下反应0.5~3.0h,加入烧碱溶液调整pH值为中性,降低温度至40-50℃,旋转蒸发水分,得到花生壳苯酚液化产物。
A组分:
以100重量份的聚合物多醇和聚醚多元醇为基准,花生壳液体的含量为300重量份,聚醚多元醇的含量为100重量份,催化剂的而含量为4量份,交联剂的含量为6重量份,发泡剂的含量为7重量份,稳定剂的含量为1.5重量份;催化剂中二甲基乙醇胺的含量为0.8重量份,三亚乙基二胺的含量为0.2重量份,双(二甲基氨基乙基)醚的含量为0.8重量份,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯的含量为0.4重量份,二马来酸二丁基锡的含量为0.4重量份;交联剂中二乙醇胺的含量为2重量份,对苯二胺的含量为4重量份。
B组分:
甲苯二异氰酸酯含量为40重量份,改性多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯含量为60重量份。
将组分A充分混合,快速搅拌2 min,使之搅拌均匀,将适量的B组分快速加入反应体系,快速搅拌4 min,将其静置自由发泡、常温熟化,得到花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫材料,产品密度为41 kg/m3,抗压强度为120 kPa。

Claims (9)

1.一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料,其特征在于:原料由A组分和B组分两部分组成,所述A组分包括花生壳材料、聚酯多元醇、聚醚多元醇、催化剂、交联剂、发泡剂和稳定剂,所述B组分为异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料,其特征在于:以100重量份的聚酯多元醇为基准,A组分中的聚酯多元醇含量为100份、聚醚多元醇的含量为5~300重量份,花生壳材料含量为40~400重量份、催化剂的含量为0.1~6重量份,交联剂的含量为1~10重量份,发泡剂的含量为2~8重量份,稳定剂的含量为1.2~1.5重量份;B组分中异氰酸酯含量为40~320重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述组分A中花生壳材料包括花生壳原材料、通过机械加工制备的不同粒度的花生壳粉体或通过化学液化方法获得的花生壳流体中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料其特征在于:所述聚酯多元醇的分子量为300~7000,聚醚多元醇的分子量为200~6000,所述B组分异氰酸酯为甲苯二异氰酸酯、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯和改性多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料其特征在于:所述催化剂为二甲基乙醇胺、三亚乙基二胺、双(二甲氨基乙基)醚和有机锡催化剂的混合催化剂,所述有机锡催化剂选自二丁基锡二月桂酸酯、辛酸亚锡、二醋酸二丁基锡和二马来酸二丁基锡中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料其特征在于:所述发泡剂为水、丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、环戊烷、正戊烷、二氯甲烷、偶氮二甲酰胺中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述交联剂是二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、甘油、季戊四醇和三羟甲基丙烷中的一种或多种;所述泡沫稳定剂为二甲基硅油、四甲基硅油、石蜡油的一种或多种。
8.权利要求1-7所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料,其特征在于:所述的花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料可应用于冰箱、冷柜、消毒柜、热水器、储罐、管道、外墙保温或器械包装。
9.一种花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫塑料的方法,其特征在于:将组分A充分混合,快速搅拌,使之搅拌均匀,将适量的B组分快速加入反应体系,快速搅拌2-15 min后,将其静置自由发泡、常温熟化,得到花生壳填充聚氨酯泡沫材料。
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