CN106317362A - 一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106317362A
CN106317362A CN201610649352.9A CN201610649352A CN106317362A CN 106317362 A CN106317362 A CN 106317362A CN 201610649352 A CN201610649352 A CN 201610649352A CN 106317362 A CN106317362 A CN 106317362A
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grafting
polyhydric alcohol
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李火松
李建强
顾荣明
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Zhejiang Zhenyang Cold Insulation Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫及其制备方法，采用由含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇，卤素在制备过程中不参与反应，迁移减少，且其具有阻燃效果，使得制备的产品阻燃性能更好，此外，阻燃剂的使用量减少，能形成更多的闭孔，提高闭孔率，确保良好的尺寸稳定性和泡沫力学性能。在较低密度下，同时获得高的压缩强度和低的导热系数。无论在氧指数方面还是在烟密度方面都优于普通的聚异氰脲酸酯，总之，由该方法制备的聚异氰脲酸酯能达到GB/T8624‑2012中的B1级，而且能减少了产品中卤素的迁移，使聚异氰脲酸酯的阻燃性能更加稳定。

Description

一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含接枝卤素高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫及制备方法。
背景技术
随着化工行业防火规范日益健全，企业对各类保温材料的防火性能要求也日益增高，如何提高保温材料的防火性能成为材料生产商的研发重点。聚氨酯泡沫塑料以优良的性能和简便的施工工艺，作为工程材料得到大规模应用。但是由于聚氨酯泡沫塑料由于其材料的限制，只能达到GB/T8624-2012中的B2级，使用范围具有局限性。
聚异氰脲酸酯是一种改良的聚氨酯材料。聚氨酯是多羟基醇与异氰酸酯反应产生，而聚异氰脲酸酯则是通过改变催化媒介使得过量异氰酸酯在一定温度下自聚成六元环产生。因为其分子结构中含有稳定的六元环结构，聚异氰脲酸酯的各方面物化指标优于聚氨酯，特别是阻燃性能方面完全能达到GB/T8624-2012中的B1级。但由于目前制备聚异氰脲酸酯更多的是单一使用添加型阻燃剂，如液态含磷含氯阻燃剂三磷酸酯，固态阻燃剂三聚氰胺、磷酸盐等，此类阻燃剂不参与聚异氰脲酸酯的三聚反应，而是以自由态存在于材料中，如果过量的使用会造成产品保温性能及物理性能的下降，而且单一的使用添加型阻燃剂会使产品中的阻燃元素发生迁移，从而导致产品燃烧性能随着时间的迁移而发生下降。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫及其制备方法，采用由含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇，卤素在制备过程中不参与反应，迁移减少，且其具有阻燃效果，使得制备的产品阻燃性能更好，此外，阻燃剂的使用量减少，能形成更多的闭孔，提高闭孔率，确保良好的尺寸稳定性和泡沫力学性能。在较低密度下，同时获得高的压缩强度和低的导热系数。无论在氧指数方面还是在烟密度方面都优于普通的聚异氰脲酸酯，总之，由该方法制备的聚异氰脲酸酯能达到GB/T8624-2012中的B1级，而且能减少了产品中卤素的迁移，使聚异氰脲酸酯的阻燃性能更加稳定。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯，包括A料和B料，所述A料和B料的质量比为1:1.4-1.5，所述的A料包括以下质量分数的组分：55～ 60％的多元醇、25～ 30％的物理发泡剂、不大于10％的磷酸酯类阻燃剂、不大于10％其他助剂；
所述的多元醇由含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇、普通聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇构成；在所述的多元醇中，含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇的含量不高于30%、普通聚醚多元醇的含量不高于30%、聚酯多元醇的含量不高于70%；
所述的其他助剂包括以下质量分数的组分：0.4-1%的胺类催化剂、：2-3%的金属类催化剂、0.5-2%的水、2-4%的硅油；
所述B料为异氰酸酯。
一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)称取含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、胺类催化剂、金属类催化剂、水、硅油、物理发泡剂、磷酸酯类阻燃剂，按照以上顺序加入到搅拌釜中，搅拌均匀，形成A料；
2）取异氰酸酯，为B料；
3)将A料、B料分别抽入高压发泡机料罐中，并调整好机器，待用；
4）模具温度加热到35-40摄氏度，然后将A、B料通过高压混合同步注入到模具中，闭模。最后将模具拖入到烘房中加热保温，烘房温度控制在70-75摄氏度，加热时间为2个小时，保温时间为22个小时，即可得到泡沫体，
5）打开模具，将泡沫体取出并放置在70 度烘箱中熟化24 小时，即得含接枝卤素高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
本发明的有益效果是：采用由含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇，卤素在制备过程中不参与反应，迁移减少，且其具有阻燃效果，使得制备的产品阻燃性能更好。接枝卤素聚醚多元醇与普通聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇协同使用，能够弥补接枝卤素聚醚多元醇骨架强度不高，导热系数高等劣势。此外，阻燃剂的使用量减少，能形成更多的闭孔，提高闭孔率，确保良好的尺寸稳定性和泡沫力学性能。在较低密度下，同时获得高的压缩强度和低的导热系数。无论在氧指数方面还是在烟密度方面都优于普通的聚异氰脲酸酯，总之，由该方法制备的聚异氰脲酸酯能达到GB/T8624-2012中的B1级，而且能减少了产品中卤素的迁移，使聚异氰脲酸酯的阻燃性能更加稳定。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。
含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯，包括A料和B料，所述B料为异氰酸酯，所述A料和B料的质量比为1:1.4-1.5，所述的A料包括以下质量分数的组分：55～ 60％的多元醇、25～ 30％的物理发泡剂、不大于10％的磷酸酯类阻燃剂、不大于10％其他助剂；
所述的多元醇由含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇、普通聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇构成；在所述的多元醇中，含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇的含量不高于30%、普通聚醚多元醇的含量不高于30%、聚酯多元醇的含量不高于70%；
所述的其他助剂包括以下质量分数的组分：0.4-1%的胺类催化剂、：2-3%的金属类催化剂、0.5-2%的水、2-4%的硅油。
含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)称取含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、胺类催化剂、金属类催化剂、水、硅油、物理发泡剂、磷酸酯类阻燃剂，按照以上顺序加入到搅拌釜中，搅拌均匀，形成A料；
2）取异氰酸酯，为B料；
3)将A料、B料分别抽入高压发泡机料罐中，并调整好机器，待用；
4）模具温度加热到35-40摄氏度，然后将A、B料通过高压混合同步注入到模具中，闭模。最后将模具拖入到烘房中加热保温，烘房温度控制在70-75摄氏度，加热时间为2个小时，保温时间为22个小时，即可得到泡沫体，
5）打开模具，将泡沫体取出并放置在70 度烘箱中熟化24 小时，即得含接枝卤素高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
对于本领域的技术人员来说，依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (2)

1.一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯，其特征在于，包括A料和B料，所述A料和B料的质量比为1:1.4-1.5，所述的A料包括以下质量分数的组分：55～ 60％的多元醇、25～30％的物理发泡剂、不大于10％的磷酸酯类阻燃剂、不大于10％其他助剂；
所述的多元醇由含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇、普通聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇构成；在所述的多元醇中，含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇的含量不高于30%、普通聚醚多元醇的含量不高于30%、聚酯多元醇的含量不高于70%；
所述的其他助剂包括以下质量分数的组分：0.4-1%的胺类催化剂、：2-3%的金属类催化剂、0.5-2%的水、2-4%的硅油；
所述B料为异氰酸酯。
2.一种含接枝卤素的高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1)称取含接枝卤素的聚醚多元醇、聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、胺类催化剂、金属类催化剂、水、硅油、物理发泡剂、磷酸酯类阻燃剂，按照以上顺序加入到搅拌釜中，搅拌均匀，形成A料；
2）取异氰酸酯，为B料；
3)将A料异氰酸酯、B料分别抽入高压发泡机料罐中，并调整好机器，待用；
4）模具温度加热到35-40摄氏度，然后将A、B料通过高压混合同步注入到模具中，闭模，最后将模具拖入到烘房中加热保温，烘房温度控制在70-75摄氏度，加热时间为2个小时，保温时间为22个小时，即可得到泡沫体，
5）打开模具，将泡沫体取出并放置在70 度烘箱中熟化24 小时，即得含接枝卤素高阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫。
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Application publication date: 20170111