CN106310785A - 一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料,由以下重量份的原料组分:聚丙烯50‑60份,一氧化硅7‑13份,粉末活性炭9‑15份,3‑氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂2‑5份,冰乙酸0.4‑1.3份,去离子水适量,低密度聚乙烯蜡1‑3份,抗氧剂1010 0.5‑1.5份,钛酸酯偶联剂0.7‑1.4份,纳米银粉末4‑9份,黄柏提取物3‑7份。本发明制备出含有α‑石英的硅纳米线,加入到熔喷聚丙烯驻极体材料中,具有卓越的过滤效率,还具有明显的抑制细菌繁殖的功能;本发明使用活性炭负载经硅烷偶联剂处理后的硅纳米线,提高活性炭对硅纳米线的负载量,有效提高过滤材料对空气中有害物质的吸附。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于空气过滤领域,具体涉及一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料及其制备方法。
技术背景
随着时代的进步,人们对环境质量的要求越来越高。但经济的快速发展加剧了环境的污染,空气中的粉尘、化学物质、有害微生物等对人们的健康产生了不良影响。因此,有效控制空气中的有害物质是有待解决的重大问题。空气过滤器和过滤材料的应用是净化空气的重要手段。普通空气过滤材料对于细小微粒的去除不够彻底,而且过滤材料上容易滋生有害微生物,存在二次污染的可能。驻极体空气过滤材料为解决这一难题提供了可能。
驻极体空气过滤材料具有高效、低阻、节能、抗菌等优点,是一类非常有应用前景的新型空气过滤材料。驻极体材料带电量的多少和电荷衰减快慢将很大程度上影响产品的性能和使用寿命,将无机或有机添加剂加入驻极体过滤材料中能改善驻极体的带电能力,提高驻极体过滤材料的过滤性能。
阙荣辉、邵名望等人在《硅碳纳米材料在纳米发电机中的应用研究》一文中研究了硅纳米线在纳米发电机中的应用,因硅纳米线中含有α-石英这种良好的压电材料,使得硅纳米线带有静电荷而表现出极好的驻极体效应,使其应用于纳米发电机的开发。
因此,利用硅纳米线的这一特性,本发明将其应用于驻极体空气过滤领域,将硅纳米线加入过滤材料中,提高驻极体空气过滤材料的驻极性能,改善驻极体的带电能力,提高驻极体过滤材料的过滤性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料及其制备方法。
一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料,由以下重量份的原料组分:聚丙烯50-60份,一氧化硅7-13份,粉末活性炭9-15份,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂2-5份,冰乙酸0.4-1.3份,去离子水适量,低密度聚乙烯蜡1-3份,抗氧剂1010 0.5-1.5份,钛酸酯偶联剂0.7-1.4份,纳米银粉末4-9份,黄柏提取物3-7份。
具体步骤如下:
(1)黄柏提取物的制备:
取黄柏加水后煮沸浓缩过滤得到浓缩后滤液,在70-90℃条件下干燥静置得到固态的黄柏沉淀,经研磨后制成细微的粉末状颗粒,待用;
(2)硅纳米线的制备:
①、将装有一氧化硅粉末的小瓷舟水平放置于氧化铝管中间,然后将该管放在高温管式炉中,抽真空在80-100Pa,然后将温度分别升高到100-200、800-1100℃并分别保温50-70分钟,之后升温到1300-1400℃保温3-5小时;
②、之后以1-3℃/min的速率降温到550-650℃并保温20-40分钟,同时以50sccm鼓入空气到炉腔,自然冷却至室温,得到硅纳米线,备用;
(3)活性炭负载硅纳米线的制备:
①、将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂加入到去离子水,并用少量冰乙酸调节pH至4,在室温下搅拌20-40分钟,之后加入步骤(2)得到的硅纳米线,在80-100℃回流反应11-13小时,抽滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化硅纳米线复合物;
②、将得到的氨基化硅纳米线复合物、粉末活性炭加入到去离子水,用超声波在40℃、150W的条件下混匀20-40分钟,室温下静止老化24小时,用去离子水清洗多次至流出液呈中性,110-120℃烘干10-14小时至恒重,再置于马弗炉中380-420℃焙烧3-5小时,冷却、干燥,制得活性炭负载硅纳米线;
(4)聚丙烯复合母粒制备:
将步骤(3)制备的活性炭负载硅纳米线放入高速混合器中,加入低密度聚乙烯蜡、抗氧剂1010以及钛酸酯偶联剂,充分搅拌后取出,在100-110℃条件下恒温干燥1-3小时,之后将表面处理好的硅纳米线与1/2份的聚丙烯及其步骤(1)得到的黄柏提取物加入双螺杆配混挤出机熔融挤出,经水浴冷却,切割成粒,得到聚丙烯复合母粒;
(5)熔喷制备工艺:
①、将聚丙烯复合母粒与余下的聚丙烯混合均匀,在熔融状态下用计量泵喂入喷丝板,控制挤出机的温度在200-260℃,喷丝板的温度在230-290℃,计量泵的频率控制在20-30Hz,将上述溶体从喷丝孔挤出;
②、用高速热空气将挤出喷丝孔的熔体吹成超细的纤维,使其飞向凝网帘而冷却粘合形成纤网;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的纤网通过电晕放电装置的电极,电极放电使纤网驻极,即得一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料。
其中,所述的驻极电压正极选择20-50KV,负极电压选择-10-30KV,驻极距离为5-20cm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明制备出含有α-石英的硅纳米线,由于α-石英形成过程中的体积膨胀被外层的无定形二氧化硅限制而使α-石英产生了压电效应,同时将产生的电荷储存于外层具有良好电荷储存性能的无定形二氧化硅层中,从而表现出很好的驻极体行为,将制备的硅纳米线加入到熔喷聚丙烯驻极体材料中,兼具两者的特性,极大的提高了驻极体空气过滤材料的电荷稳定性,降低了过滤材料的过滤阻力,具有卓越的过滤效率,与此同时,驻极体形成的强电场还对各类细菌具有明显的抑制其繁殖的功能。
(2)活性炭具有丰富的孔隙结构和独特的化学官能团,是环境友好型优良吸附剂,本发明使用活性炭负载经硅烷偶联剂处理后的硅纳米线,提高活性炭对硅纳米线的负载量,两者复配使用可以有效提高过滤材料对空气中有害物质的吸附,使产品具有优异的过滤性能。
(3)本发明采用黄柏提取物与纳米银粉末合用,具有显著抑菌增效作用,具有对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌等细苗、病毒的抑菌性能,特别适用于医院等公共环境空气过滤器的过滤材料。
具体实施方式
一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料,由以下重量份的原料组分:聚丙烯55,一氧化硅11,粉末活性炭13,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂4,冰乙酸1,去离子水适量,低密度聚乙烯蜡2,抗氧剂1010 1,钛酸酯偶联剂1.2,纳米银粉末8,黄柏提取物5。
具体步骤如下:
(1)黄柏提取物的制备:
取黄柏加水后煮沸浓缩过滤得到浓缩后滤液,在80℃条件下干燥静置得到固态的黄柏沉淀,经研磨后制成细微的粉末状颗粒,待用;
(2)硅纳米线的制备:
①、将装有一氧化硅粉末的小瓷舟水平放置于氧化铝管中间,然后将该管放在高温管式炉中,抽真空在100Pa,然后将温度分别升高到200、900℃并分别保温60分钟,之后升温到1200℃保温4小时;
②、之后以2℃/min的速率降温到600℃并保温30分钟,同时以50sccm鼓入空气到炉腔,自然冷却至室温,得到硅纳米线,备用;
(3)活性炭负载硅纳米线的制备:
①、将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂加入到去离子水,并用少量冰乙酸调节pH至4,在室温下搅拌30分钟,之后加入步骤(2)得到的硅纳米线,在90℃回流反应12小时,抽滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化硅纳米线复合物;
②、将得到的氨基化硅纳米线复合物、粉末活性炭加入到去离子水,用超声波在40℃、150W的条件下混匀30分钟,室温下静止老化24小时,用去离子水清洗多次至流出液呈中性,110℃烘干12小时至恒重,再置于马弗炉中400℃焙烧4小时,冷却、干燥,制得活性炭负载硅纳米线;
(4)聚丙烯复合母粒制备:
将步骤(3)制备的活性炭负载硅纳米线放入高速混合器中,加入低密度聚乙烯蜡、抗氧剂1010以及钛酸酯偶联剂,充分搅拌后取出,在100℃条件下恒温干燥2小时,之后将表面处理好的硅纳米线与1/2份的聚丙烯及其步骤(1)得到的黄柏提取物加入双螺杆配混挤出机熔融挤出,经水浴冷却,切割成粒,得到聚丙烯复合母粒;
(5)熔喷制备工艺:
①、将聚丙烯复合母粒与余下的聚丙烯混合均匀,在熔融状态下用计量泵喂入喷丝板,控制挤出机的温度在240℃,喷丝板的温度在280℃,计量泵的频率控制在30Hz,将上述溶体从喷丝孔挤出;
②、用高速热空气将挤出喷丝孔的熔体吹成超细的纤维,使其飞向凝网帘而冷却粘合形成纤网;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的纤网通过电晕放电装置的电极,电极放电使纤网驻极,即得一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料。
其中,所述的驻极电压正极选择40KV,负极电压选择-20KV,驻极距离为10cm。
产品性能测试结果:透气率:107.8L/m2.S ;强力27.6CD ;压力损失:88.72Pa;过滤效率:99.98%(过滤效率针对粒径大于0.3μm的粒子)。
Claims (3)
1.一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料组分:聚丙烯50-60份,一氧化硅7-13份,粉末活性炭9-15份,3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂2-5份,冰乙酸0.4-1.3份,去离子水适量,低密度聚乙烯蜡1-3份,抗氧剂1010 0.5-1.5份,钛酸酯偶联剂0.7-1.4份,纳米银粉末4-9份,黄柏提取物3-7份。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
(1)黄柏提取物的制备:
取黄柏加水后煮沸浓缩过滤得到浓缩后滤液,在70-90℃条件下干燥静置得到固态的黄柏沉淀,经研磨后制成细微的粉末状颗粒,待用;
(2)硅纳米线的制备:
①、将装有一氧化硅粉末的小瓷舟水平放置于氧化铝管中间,然后将该管放在高温管式炉中,抽真空在80-100Pa,然后将温度分别升高到100-200、800-1100℃并分别保温50-70分钟,之后升温到1300-1400℃保温3-5小时;
②、之后以1-3℃/min的速率降温到550-650℃并保温20-40分钟,同时以50sccm鼓入空气到炉腔,自然冷却至室温,得到硅纳米线,备用;
(3)活性炭负载硅纳米线的制备:
①、将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂加入到去离子水,并用少量冰乙酸调节pH至4,在室温下搅拌20-40分钟,之后加入步骤(1)得到的硅纳米线,在80-100℃回流反应11-13小时,抽滤、洗涤、干燥,得到氨基化硅纳米线复合物;
②、将得到的氨基化硅纳米线复合物、粉末活性炭加入到去离子水,用超声波在40℃、150W的条件下混匀20-40分钟,室温下静止老化24小时,用去离子水清洗多次至流出液呈中性,110-120℃烘干10-14小时至恒重,再置于马弗炉中380-420℃焙烧3-5小时,冷却、干燥,制得活性炭负载硅纳米线;
(4)聚丙烯复合母粒制备:
将步骤(3)制备的活性炭负载硅纳米线放入高速混合器中,加入低密度聚乙烯蜡、抗氧剂1010以及钛酸酯偶联剂,充分搅拌后取出,在100-110℃条件下恒温干燥1-3小时,之后将表面处理好的硅纳米线与纳米银粉末、1/2份的聚丙烯及其步骤(1)得到的黄柏提取物加入双螺杆配混挤出机熔融挤出,经水浴冷却,切割成粒,得到聚丙烯复合母粒;
(5)熔喷制备工艺:
①、将聚丙烯复合母粒与余下的聚丙烯混合均匀,在熔融状态下用计量泵喂入喷丝板,控制挤出机的温度在200-260℃,喷丝板的温度在230-290℃,计量泵的频率控制在20-30Hz,将上述溶体从喷丝孔挤出;
②、用高速热空气将挤出喷丝孔的熔体吹成超细的纤维,使其飞向凝网帘而冷却粘合形成纤网;
(6)将步骤(5)得到的纤网通过电晕放电装置的电极,电极放电使纤网驻极,即得一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料。
3.根据权利要求书2所述的一种抑菌性熔喷聚丙烯复合驻极体空气过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于,驻极电压正极选择20-50KV,负极电压选择-10-30KV,驻极距离为5-20cm。
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CN111534000A (zh) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-14 | 徐州海天石化有限公司 | 一种生产熔喷料的工艺 |
CN113462084A (zh) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-01 | 安徽欧祯新材料科技有限公司 | 一种抗菌改性pp高分子材料及其制备方法 |
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