CN106300212B - Steel pipe lightning arrester based on pneumatic appearance is controlled - Google Patents
Steel pipe lightning arrester based on pneumatic appearance is controlled Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
- H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel pipe lightning arrester based on pneumatic shape control, which comprises a steel pipe lightning rod, a plurality of cuffs and a plurality of spoilers, wherein the steel pipe lightning rod is arranged on the upper surface of an object to be protected and is vertical to the upper surface, the cuffs are arranged from the bottom to the top of the steel pipe lightning rod at preset intervals, the cuffs are used for installing spoilers, the spoilers are arranged on each cuff of the cuffs, the spoilers are provided with vortex breaking holes, and the spoilers provided with the vortex breaking holes are used for reducing wind pressure and inhibiting vortex vibration. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the basic principle of the aerodynamic appearance can be changed, and the vortex vibration control effect of the spoiler can be enhanced and the wind pressure increased by the spoiler can be reduced by arranging the vortex breaking holes on the spoiler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of disaster prevention and reduction of power transmission and distribution equipment, in particular to a steel pipe lightning arrester based on pneumatic appearance control.
Background
The transformer substation steel pipe lightning rod is mostly a truncated cone-shaped component supported by a single cantilever, and along with the continuous increase of the length of the steel pipe lightning rod, the slenderness ratio is continuously increased, so that the 1 st order and 2 nd order of the steel pipe lightning rod cause the critical wind speed of vortex-induced vibration to be continuously reduced. Under the condition of wind speed which is usually encountered in the natural world, the steel tube lightning rod generates transverse wind direction vortex-induced vibration, particularly 2-order vortex vibration which is large in amplitude and high-frequency and can form accumulated loss. In recent years, in areas with more severe wind days and stable wind power in the northwest of Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu and the like, more fatigue fracture accidents of the flange plate at the bottom of the steel tube lightning rod or the connecting and fixing bolt are caused. The structure fundamentally avoids vortex-induced vibration by changing the aerodynamic shape of the structure, and is widely adopted in the field of civil engineering. However, the traditional spoiler is not suitable for the steel tube lightning rod with the variable cross section, and the spoiler can increase the static wind pressure borne by the structure and change the structure of the original steel tube lightning rod. The prior art does not disclose a device for controlling the aerodynamic profile of a steel tube lightning rod.
Disclosure of Invention
Along with the continuous increase of steel pipe lightning rod length, slenderness ratio is constantly increased, results in the continuous reduction of steel pipe lightning rod critical wind speed that starts to shake, and the steel pipe lightning rod takes place the cross wind direction vortex and arouses the vibration, has consequently caused a lot of steel pipe lightning rod fatigue fracture accidents.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an apparatus for a steel pipe lightning arrester controlled based on aerodynamic shape, comprising,
a steel pipe lightning rod which is arranged on the upper surface of an object to be protected and is vertical to the upper surface,
a plurality of ferrules installed at predetermined intervals from the bottom to the top of the steel pipe lightning rod, the ferrules being used to install spoilers, and
a plurality of spoilers are installed on every cuff of a plurality of cuffs, be provided with garrulous vortex hole on the spoiler, the spoiler that sets up garrulous vortex hole is used for reducing the wind pressure to be used for restraining the vortex and shake and take place.
Preferably, the steel pipe lightning rod has an outer diameter d, the number of the ferrules is at least 4, and at least 3 spoilers are mounted on each of the ferrules.
Preferably, the hoop is of a semi-circular arc structure, connecting plates are arranged at two ends of the hoop, and the connecting plates are connected through bolts.
Preferably, the number of the spoilers arranged on each hoop is n, and the spoilers are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the steel pipe lightning rod at intervals of 360 degrees/n degrees.
Preferably, the height of the spoiler in the radial direction of the section of the steel pipe lightning rod is h, and h is 1/3 of the outer diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod; the length l of the spoiler along the axial direction of the steel tube lightning rod is 2 times of the outer diameter d of the steel tube lightning rod, and the initial value of the distance s between every two adjacent hoops along the axial line is 5 times of the outer diameter d of the steel tube lightning rod.
Preferably, the algorithm step of generating the vortex breaker holes comprises:
step 1: randomly generating each of the vortex breaker radii, comprising: the cross section of each vortex breaking hole is a circle with different radiuses, and the maximum radius r of the cross section of each vortex breaking hole ismaxSet to 0.1h, a sequence r of radii of the cross-sections of the vortex debris holes is randomly generated by the formula (1)i；
Wherein f (r) is the maximum radius r of the cross section of the vortex breaking holemaxMaximum entropy distribution probability density function of λ0、λiFor coefficients meeting constraints, λ0λiObtaining the information by applying a maximum likelihood estimation method through an information entropy function under a constraint condition; r1Lower limit value of constraint condition for predetermined maximum radius, R2A constraint condition upper limit value which is a preset maximum radius; u. ofi(r) is an information entropy function; m is the number of information entropy functions;
step 2: generating the coordinates of the circle center of the vortex hole, comprising: respectively generating the position coordinates (x) of the circle centers of the vortex holes by uniform distribution shown in the formula (2-1) or (2-2)i,yi) Wherein x isiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,l-ri],yiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,h-ri]；
and (3) repeating the step 1 and the step 2, and circularly generating a plurality of the vortex breaking holes.
Preferably, characterized in that the vortex breaking radius r is generatediAnd the center position coordinate is (x)i,yi) After the vortex breaking hole A, the vortex breaking radius r is continuously generatedi+1And the center position coordinate is (x)i+1,yi+1) Judging whether the positions of the vortex breaking holes A and the vortex breaking holes B are overlapped according to a formula (3) after the vortex breaking holes B are formed; if the formula (3) is established, the positions of the vortex breaking holes A and the vortex breaking holes B are not overlapped, and then the vortex breaking holes B are received; otherwise, abandoning the broken vortex hole B; continuously generating the crushed vortex holes;
in the formula (3), k is the set minimum distance between the vortex breaker holes A and B.
Preferably, the method is characterized in that the ratio phi of the sum of the areas of the plurality of generated vortex holes to the area of the spoiler is calculated according to the formula (4), and the ratio phi is compared with the set maximum opening area ratio [ phi ]; if the formula (4) is established, the step of generating the vortex breaking holes is quitted; otherwise, continue to generate the broken vortex hole.
In the formula (4), AiOpen area of the ith hole.
Preferably, the spoilers on the plurality of ferrules arranged along the axis of the steel pipe lightning rod rotate at different angles on different ferrules, and the spoiler arranged on the previous ferrule is rotated by 15 degrees relative to the spoiler arranged on the next ferrule.
Preferably, the plurality of ferrule outer side marking lines are aligned in the same line when the plurality of ferrules are mounted.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the basic principle of the aerodynamic appearance can be changed, and the vortex vibration control effect of the spoiler can be enhanced and the wind pressure increased by the spoiler can be reduced by arranging the vortex breaking holes on the spoiler. The steel pipe lightning arrester provided by the invention has the advantages of clear principle, firm installation, reasonable structure and convenient and reliable connection mode, can greatly reduce the transverse vortex vibration damage to the steel pipe lightning rod, prolongs the service life of the steel pipe lightning rod, and reduces the damage to the steel pipe lightning rod caused by the environment, thereby improving the safety of transformer substation equipment.
Drawings
A more complete understanding of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may be had by reference to the following drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a structural view of a lightning arrester according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a distribution of spoiler debris vortex holes in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 3 is a structural view illustrating installation of a continuous 3-layer spoiler along the circumference of a steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, which are provided for complete and complete disclosure of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In the drawings, the same units/elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Unless otherwise defined, terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Further, it will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense.
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a lightning arrester according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, a steel pipe lightning arrester based on aerodynamic shape control includes a steel pipe lightning rod 101, which is used for being installed on and perpendicular to the upper surface of an object to be protected. The lightning arrester further has a plurality of ferrules installed at predetermined intervals from the bottom to the top of the steel pipe lightning rod 101, the ferrules being used to install the spoiler 102. And the ferrule device includes a plurality of spoilers 102 installed in each of the plurality of ferrules, the spoilers 102 having the vortex breaking holes provided thereon, the spoilers 102 having the vortex breaking holes provided therein for reducing wind pressure and for suppressing vortex vibration from occurring. The steel pipe lightning rod based on aerodynamic shape control provided by the invention is based on the basic principle that the spoiler 102 can change the aerodynamic shape, and the vortex breaking holes are arranged on the spoiler 102, so that the vortex disturbing effect of the spoiler 102 can be enhanced, and the wind pressure increased by the spoiler 102 can be reduced. The steel tube lightning rod 101 based on the pneumatic shape control is firm in installation and reasonable in structure, and can effectively reduce the transverse vortex vibration damage to the steel tube lightning rod 101.
Preferably, the steel pipe lightning rod 101 is a conical hollow structure body, the taper is 1% -3%, and the length of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 is 6-9 m. The hoop arranged along the steel tube lightning rod 101 is of a semi-arc structure, connecting plates are arranged at two ends of the semi-arc, the two semi-arc hoops are connected through bolts on the connecting plates at the two ends, and the number of the bolts used for connection at each end is 1-3. The number of the hoops is related to the length of the steel pipe lightning rod 101, the length of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 is generally not shorter than 3m, and the number of the hoops is at least 4. At least 3 spoilers 102 are provided on each ferrule to achieve the vortex-disrupting effect. The spoilers 102 are uniformly distributed along the steel tube lightning rod 101, when the number of the spoilers 102 arranged on each hoop is n, the spoilers 102 are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the steel tube lightning rod at intervals of 360 degrees/n degrees.
Preferably, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the height of the spoiler 102 in the radial direction of the cross section of the steel pipe rod 101 is h, which is set to 1/3 of the outer diameter d of the steel pipe rod 101; the length l of the spoiler 102 in the axial direction of the steel pipe rod 101 is set to 1 time the outer diameter d of the steel pipe rod 101, and the initial value of the distance s between two adjacent ferrules along the axis is set to 5 times the outer diameter d of the steel pipe rod 101. Because the steel pipe lightning rod 101 is a conical hollow structure, the outer diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 gradually decreases from the bottom end to the top end, and the minimum outer diameter d of the top end is not less than 20 mm.
Preferably, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the algorithm for generating the vortex breaker holes includes:
step 1: randomly generating a vortex breaker radius, comprising: the section of the vortex hole is a plurality of circles with different radiuses, and the maximum radius r of the vortex hole ismaxSet to 0.1h, the radius sequence r of the random vortex holes is generated by the formula (1)i；
f (r) is the maximum radius r of the vortex breaking holemaxMaximum entropy distribution probability density function of λ0、λiTo coefficients meeting constraints, where0、λiObtaining the information by applying a maximum likelihood estimation method through an information entropy function under a constraint condition; r1Lower limit value of constraint condition of maximum radius preset artificially, R2A constraint condition upper limit value of a maximum radius preset artificially; u. ofi(r) is an information entropy function; m is the number of information entropy functions;
step 2: generating the coordinates of the circle center of the vortex hole, comprising: respectively generating the coordinates (x) of the circle centers of the vortex holes through the uniform distribution shown in the formulas (2-1) and (2-2)i,yi) Wherein x isiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,l-ri],yiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,h-ri]；
Or
In the formulae (2-1) and (2-2), fx、fyIs a uniformly distributed probability density function;
and (3) repeating the step 1 and the step 2, and circularly generating a plurality of the vortex breaking holes. The broken vortex holes with different radiuses and uniformly distributed positions can be generated through a broken vortex hole generation algorithm. The distribution of the broken vortex holes on the spoiler 102 is satisfied.
Preferably, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention performs an overlap determination on the positions of the vortex fragments generated according to the vortex fragment generating algorithm. At the generated vortex radius riAnd the center position coordinate is (x)i,yi) After the broken vortex hole A, the broken vortex radius r is continuously generatedi+1And the center position coordinate is (x)i+1,yi+1) Judging whether the positions of the broken vortex hole A and the broken vortex hole B are overlapped according to the formula (3) after the broken vortex hole B is formed; if the formula (3) is satisfied, the positions of the vortex breaking holes A and the vortex breaking holes B are not overlapped, and then the vortex breaking holes B are received; otherwise, abandoning the broken vortex hole B; continuously generating the crushed vortex holes;
in the formula (3), k is the set minimum distance between the vortex breaker holes A and B. And judging whether any two generated vortex holes are overlapped according to the formula (3). Accepting the newly generated vortex fragments if the newly generated vortex fragments do not overlap all the previously generated vortex fragments; otherwise, if the newly generated vortex hole overlaps with any one of the previous vortex holes, the newly generated vortex hole is discarded. By performing overlapping judgment on the generated vortex breaking holes, the distance between any two holes on the spoiler 102 is finally ensured to be larger than k. The spacing k has a value in the range of 3-15 mm.
Preferably, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure the local stress requirement of the single spoiler 102 and to perform the function of reducing the wind pressure, different maximum opening ratios are set for the spoilers 102 made of different materials. If the spoiler 102 is made of ABS sheet material, the maximum opening ratio of the spoiler 102 is set to 12%. Calculating a ratio phi of the sum of the areas of the generated plurality of vortex holes to the area of the spoiler 102 according to equation (4), and comparing the ratio phi with a set maximum open area ratio [ phi ]; if the formula (4) is established, the step of generating the vortex breaking holes is quitted; otherwise, continue to generate the broken vortex hole.
In the formula (4), AiOpen area of the ith hole. According to the formula (4), whether the area of the opened hole meets the local stress requirement or not is judged, and the function of reducing the wind pressure can be achieved. And if the total area of the generated vortex breaking holes meets the stress requirement and the total area reaches or exceeds the maximum opening rate, quitting the generation algorithm of the vortex breaking holes, and generating the vortex breaking holes as shown in figure 2.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be specifically exemplified. For example, the outer diameter of the 500kV steel pipe rod 101 at the upper end is 148mm, the outer diameter of the steel pipe rod 101 at the bottom end is 496mm, the steel pipe rod 101 is 14.5m long, the length of the steel pipe rod 101 from the upper end 1/3, that is, the outer diameter of the cross section of the steel pipe rod 101 at a position 4.8m from the upper end is taken as the calculated diameter d of the steel pipe rod 101, and the diameter d at the cross section is 264 mm. The initial height of the spoiler 102 is set to 1/3, i.e., 88mm, of the outer diameter d of the steel pipe rod 101, and the initial length l of the spoiler 102 is set to 264 mm. 3 spoilers 102 are arranged on each hoop, the spoilers are evenly distributed at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumference of the steel pipe, and the distance s between the hoops along the axis is 5 times of the diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod 101, namely 1320 mm. The total length of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 is 14.5m, and 10 cuffs need to be arranged.
Maximum diameter of the vortex breaker holes (not shown in FIG. 1, see FIG. 2 for details) rmaxIs planned to be 0.1h, namely 8.8mm, and then a random sequence r of the diameter of the broken vortex hole is generated by adopting the maximum entropy distribution shown in the formula (1)i，riShould be greater than 5 mm; uniformly distributing the vortex holes as shown in the formula (2) to respectively generate the coordinates x of the circle center positions of the vortex holesi,yiWherein x isiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,l-ri],yiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,h-ri]。
After the diameter r of the vortex hole is generatediAnd circular position (x)i,yi) Thereafter, the vortex hole A is generated, and then the vortex hole diameter r is generatedi+1And circular position (x)i+1,yi+1) And correspondingly generating a broken vortex hole B, judging whether the broken vortex hole A is overlapped with the broken vortex hole B according to the formula (3), if the broken vortex hole B is not overlapped with the broken vortex hole A, receiving the broken vortex hole B, continuously generating a broken vortex hole C, respectively judging whether the broken vortex hole C meets the requirement that the distance between the broken vortex hole C and the broken vortex hole A or the broken vortex hole B is larger than 3mm, and analogizing the generation of other broken vortex holes.
The spoiler 102 is made of ABS plate material, the local stress requirement of the single-piece spoiler 102 is considered, the planned maximum broken vortex hole opening rate is 12%, and the area of the single-piece spoiler 102 is 23232mm2After 19 holes are formed, the total area of the holes reaches 2828mm2The aperture ratio reaches 12.1%, and the wind pressure can be reduced by about 40%. And (4) judging whether the area of the opened hole meets the requirement of reducing the wind pressure according to the formula (4), and quitting the generation of the broken vortex hole circulation. The resulting crushed vortex holes are shown in FIG. 2.
Preferably, the spoilers 102 on the plurality of ferrules arranged along the axis of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 rotate at different angles on different ferrules, the spoiler 102 on the previous ferrule rotates at an angle of 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 °, or between 5 ° and 360 °/n relative to the spoiler 102 on the next ferrule, the maximum rotation angle does not exceed 360 °/n, and n is the number of spoilers 102. Since wind directions in nature are random, the spoiler 102 needs to be able to disturb wake winds in the respective wind directions. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the spoiler 102 on the plurality of ferrules arranged along the axis of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 according to the present invention should be rotated at a certain angle with respect to the spoiler 102 of the previous ferrule (not shown in fig. 1, see fig. 3 in detail). The mark lines are marked outside the plurality of ferrules, and when the plurality of ferrules are mounted, the mark lines are aligned on the same straight line. When the hoop is installed, selecting a certain azimuth as a reference azimuth, and aligning the marking line of the 1 st hoop with the azimuth; the index line of the 2 nd ferrule is aligned with the azimuth angle, and the spoiler 102 on the 2 nd ferrule is rotated 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 °, or an angle between 5 ° and 360 °/n, or a maximum rotation angle of not more than 360 °/n, relative to the spoiler 102 on the 1 st ferrule; the index line of the 3 rd ferrule is aligned with the azimuth angle, and the spoiler 102 on the 3 rd ferrule is rotated by 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 °, or an angle between 5 ° and 360 °/n, or a maximum rotation angle of not more than 360 °/n, relative to the spoiler 102 on the 2 nd ferrule; the other individual ferrules and spoilers 102 are mounted in series.
Fig. 2 is a distribution diagram of vortex holes 202 of a spoiler 201 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the height of the spoiler 201 in the radial direction of the section of the steel pipe lightning rod is h, which is set to 1/3 of the outer diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod; the length l of the spoiler 201 in the axial direction of the steel pipe rod is set to 1 time the outer diameter d of the steel pipe rod, and the initial value of the distance s between two adjacent ferrules in the axial direction is set to 5 times the outer diameter d of the steel pipe rod.
Preferably, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the algorithm for generating the vortex finder 202 includes:
step 1: randomly generating a vortex breaker 202 radius, comprising: the section of the vortex breaking hole 202 is a plurality of circles with different radiuses, and the maximum radius r of the vortex breaking hole 202 ismaxSet to 0.1h, the radius sequence r of the random vortex holes 202 is generated by equation (1)i；
f (r) is the maximum radius r of the vortex breaking holes 202maxMaximum entropy distribution probability density function of λ0、λiTo coefficients meeting constraints, where0、λiObtaining the information by applying a maximum likelihood estimation method through an information entropy function under a constraint condition; r1Lower limit value of constraint condition of maximum radius preset artificially, R2A constraint condition upper limit value of a maximum radius preset artificially; u. ofi(r) is an information entropy function; m is the number of information entropy functions;
step 2: generating the coordinates of the center position of the vortex breaker 202, including: respectively generating the coordinates (x) of the circle center positions of the vortex breaking holes 202 through the uniform distribution shown in the formulas (2-1) and (2-2)i,yi) Wherein x isiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,l-ri],yiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,h-ri]；
repeating the step 1 and the step 2, and circularly generating a plurality of the vortex breaking holes 202. Through the generation algorithm of the vortex breaking holes 202, the vortex breaking holes 202 with different radiuses and uniformly distributed positions can be generated. The distribution of the vortex breaking holes 202 on the spoiler 201102 is satisfied.
Preferably, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention makes a determination as to whether the positions of the vortex finder 202 generated according to the vortex finder 202 generation algorithm overlap. At the generated vortex radius riAnd the center position coordinate is (x)i,yi) After the vortex breaking hole 202A, the vortex breaking radius r is continuously generatedi+1And the center position coordinate is (x)i+1,yi+1) After the vortex breaker 202B, whether the positions of the vortex breaker 202A and the vortex breaker 202B are overlapped is judged according to the formula (3); if the formula (3) is satisfied, the positions of the vortex breaking holes 202A and 202B are not overlapped, and then the vortex breaking holes 202B are received; otherwise, abandon the vortex breaking hole 202B; continuing to generate the vortex breaking holes 202;
in the formula (3), k is a set minimum distance between the vortex breaker 202A and the vortex breaker 202B. And whether any two generated vortex holes 202 overlap is judged according to the formula (3). Accepting the newly generated vortex holes 202 if the newly generated vortex holes 202 do not overlap all of the previously generated vortex holes 202; otherwise, if the newly generated vortex hole 202 overlaps with any one of the previous vortex holes 202, the newly generated vortex hole 202 is discarded. By performing overlapping judgment on the generated vortex breaking holes 202, the distance between any two holes on the spoiler 201 is ensured to be larger than k. The spacing k has a value in the range of 3-15 mm.
Preferably, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure the local stress requirement of the single spoiler 201 and to perform the function of reducing the wind pressure, different maximum opening ratios are set for the spoilers 201 made of different materials. If the spoiler 201 is made of ABS sheet material, the maximum opening ratio of the spoiler 201 is set to 12%. Calculating a ratio phi of the sum of the areas of the plurality of generated vortex holes 202 to the area of the spoiler 201 according to equation (4), and comparing the ratio phi with a set maximum open area ratio [ phi ]; if the formula (4) is satisfied, the step of generating the vortex breaking holes 202 is exited; otherwise, the vortex breaking holes 202 continue to be generated.
In the formula (4), AiOpen area of the ith hole. According to the formula (4), whether the area of the opened hole meets the local stress requirement or not is judged, and the function of reducing the wind pressure can be achieved. If the total area of the generated vortex fragments 202 meets the stress requirement and the total area reaches or exceeds the maximum opening rate, the algorithm for generating the vortex fragments 202 is exited, and the generated vortex fragments 202 are shown in fig. 2.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be specifically exemplified. For example, the outer diameter of the upper end of a 500kV steel pipe lightning rod is 148mm, the outer diameter of the bottom end is 496mm, the length of the steel pipe lightning rod is 14.5m, the length of the steel pipe lightning rod from the upper end is 1/3 mm, namely the outer diameter of the section of the steel pipe lightning rod at a position 4.8m away from the upper end is taken as the calculated diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod, and the diameter d of the section is 264 mm. The initial height of the spoiler 201 is set to 1/3, i.e., 88mm of the outer diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod, and the initial length l of the spoiler 201 is set to 264 mm. 3 spoilers 201 are arranged on each hoop, the spoilers are evenly distributed at intervals of 120 degrees along the circumference of the steel pipe, and the distance s between the hoops along the axis is set to be 5 times of the diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod, namely 1320 mm. The total length of the steel pipe lightning rod 101 is 14.5m, and 10 cuffs need to be arranged.
Maximum diameter r of the vortex breaker 202maxIs planned to be 0.1h, namely 8.8mm, and then the random sequence r of the diameter of the vortex breaking hole 202 is generated by adopting the maximum entropy distribution shown in the formula (1)i，riShould be greater than 5 mm;the uniform distribution as shown in the formula (2) is adopted to respectively generate the coordinates x of the circle center positions of the vortex breaking holes 202i,yiWherein x isiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,l-ri],yiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,h-ri]。
After the diameter r of the vortex breaker 202 is generatediAnd circular position (x)i,yi) Thereafter, the vortex breaking holes 202A are generated, and then the vortex breaking holes 202 r are generatedi+1And circular position (x)i+1,yi+1) If the vortex breaking holes 202B are not overlapped with the vortex breaking holes 202A, the vortex breaking holes 202B are received, the vortex breaking holes 202C are continuously generated, whether the vortex breaking holes 202C and the vortex breaking holes 202A or the vortex breaking holes 202B meet the requirement that the distance is more than 3mm is respectively judged, and the generation of other vortex breaking holes 202 is repeated.
The spoiler 201 is made of ABS plate material, the local stress requirement of the single-piece spoiler 201 is considered, the aperture ratio of the planned maximum vortex breaking hole 202 is 12%, and the area of the single-piece spoiler 201 is 23232mm2After 19 holes are formed, the total area of the holes reaches 2828mm2The aperture ratio reaches 12.1%, and the wind pressure can be reduced by about 40%. And (4) judging whether the opened area meets the requirement of reducing the wind pressure according to the formula (4), and exiting from generating the vortex breaking hole 202 for circulation. The resulting crushed vortex holes 202 are shown in FIG. 2.
Fig. 3 is a structural view illustrating installation of a continuous 3-layer spoiler along the circumference of a steel pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention. Preferably, the spoilers on the plurality of ferrules arranged along the axis of the steel tube lightning rod rotate at different angles on different ferrules, the spoiler arranged on the previous ferrule has an angle of rotation of 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 ° or an angle between 5 ° and 360 °/n relative to the spoiler arranged on the next ferrule, the maximum angle of rotation does not exceed 360 °/n, and n is the number of spoilers. Since wind directions in nature are random, spoilers need to be able to disturb wake winds in various wind directions. Therefore, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the spoiler on the plurality of ferrules arranged along the axis of the steel pipe lightning rod of the present invention should be rotated by a certain angle with respect to the spoiler of the previous ferrule (not shown in fig. 1, see fig. 3 in detail). The mark lines are marked outside the plurality of ferrules, and when the plurality of ferrules are mounted, the mark lines are aligned on the same straight line. When the hoop is installed, a certain azimuth angle is selected as a reference azimuth angle, and the marking line 312 of the 1 st hoop is aligned with the azimuth angle; the index line 322 of the 2 nd ferrule is aligned at an azimuthal angle, and the spoiler 323 on the 2 nd ferrule is rotated 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 °, or an angle between 5 ° and 360 °/n, or a maximum rotation of no more than 360 °/n, relative to the spoiler 313 on the 1 st ferrule; the index line 332 of the 3 rd ferrule is aligned at an azimuthal angle, and the spoiler 333 on the 3 rd ferrule is rotated by 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 25 °, or an angle between 5 ° and 360 °/n, or a maximum rotation of no more than 360 °/n, relative to the spoiler 323 on the 2 nd ferrule; other ferrules and spoilers are mounted in analogy.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the basic principle of the aerodynamic appearance can be changed, and the vortex vibration control effect of the spoiler can be enhanced and the wind pressure increased by the spoiler can be reduced by arranging the vortex breaking holes on the spoiler. The steel pipe lightning arrester provided by the invention has the advantages of clear principle, firm installation, reasonable structure and convenient and reliable connection mode, can greatly reduce the transverse vortex vibration damage to the steel pipe lightning rod, prolongs the service life of the steel pipe lightning rod, and reduces the damage to the steel pipe lightning rod caused by the environment, thereby improving the safety of transformer substation equipment.
The invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments. However, other embodiments of the invention than the one disclosed above are equally possible within the scope of the invention, as would be apparent to a person skilled in the art from the appended patent claims.
Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the technical field, unless explicitly defined otherwise herein. All references to "a/an/the [ device, component, etc ]" are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of said device, component, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any method disclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless explicitly stated.
Claims (10)
1. A steel pipe lightning arrester based on pneumatic shape control comprises,
a steel pipe lightning rod which is arranged on the upper surface of an object to be protected and is vertical to the upper surface,
a plurality of ferrules installed at predetermined intervals from the bottom to the top of the steel pipe lightning rod, the ferrules being used to install spoilers, and
a plurality of spoilers are installed on every cuff of a plurality of cuffs, be provided with garrulous vortex hole on the spoiler, the spoiler that sets up garrulous vortex hole is used for reducing the wind pressure to be used for restraining the vortex and shake and take place.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the steel pipe lightning rod has an outer diameter d, the plurality of ferrules is at least 4, and at least 3 spoilers are mounted on each of the ferrules.
3. The device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ferrule is a semi-circular arc structure, the two ends of the ferrule are provided with connecting plates, and the connecting plates are connected through bolts.
4. The device of claim 2, wherein the number of the spoilers provided on each ferrule is n, and the spoilers are uniformly distributed at intervals of 360 °/n degrees along the circumference of the steel pipe lightning rod.
5. The device of claim 2, wherein the spoiler has a height h in a radial direction of a cross section of the steel pipe lightning rod, wherein h is 1/3 of the outer diameter d of the steel pipe lightning rod; the length l of the spoiler along the axial direction of the steel tube lightning rod is 2 times of the outer diameter d of the steel tube lightning rod, and the initial value of the distance s between every two adjacent hoops along the axial line is 5 times of the outer diameter d of the steel tube lightning rod.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the algorithmic step of generating the vortex breaker holes comprises:
step 1: randomly generating each of the vortex breaker radii, comprising: the cross section of each vortex breaking hole is a circle with different radiuses, and the maximum radius r of the cross section of each vortex breaking hole ismaxSet to 0.1h, a sequence r of radii of the cross-sections of the vortex debris holes is randomly generated by the formula (1)i；
Wherein f (r) is the maximum radius r of the cross section of the vortex breaking holemaxMaximum entropy distribution probability density function of λ0、λiFor coefficients meeting constraints, λ0λiObtaining the information by applying a maximum likelihood estimation method through an information entropy function under a constraint condition; r1Lower limit value of constraint condition for predetermined maximum radius, R2A constraint condition upper limit value which is a preset maximum radius; u. ofi(r) is an information entropy function; m is the number of information entropy functions;
step 2: generating the coordinates of the circle center of the vortex hole, comprising: respectively generating the position coordinates (x) of the circle centers of the vortex holes by uniform distribution shown in the formula (2-1) or (2-2)i,yi) Wherein x isiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,l-ri],yiHas a distribution interval of [ ri,h-ri]；
and (3) repeating the step 1 and the step 2, and circularly generating a plurality of the vortex breaking holes.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the device is a disposable diaperThen, the vortex breaking radius r is generatediAnd the center position coordinate is (x)i,yi) After the vortex breaking hole A, the vortex breaking radius r is continuously generatedi+1And the center position coordinate is (x)i+1,yi+1) Judging whether the positions of the vortex breaking holes A and the vortex breaking holes B are overlapped according to a formula (3) after the vortex breaking holes B are formed; if the formula (3) is established, the positions of the vortex breaking holes A and the vortex breaking holes B are not overlapped, and then the vortex breaking holes B are received; otherwise, abandoning the broken vortex hole B; continuously generating the crushed vortex holes;
in the formula (3), k is the set minimum distance between the vortex breaker holes A and B.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a ratio φ of the sum of the areas of the plurality of generated vortex holes to the spoiler area is calculated according to equation (4), and the ratio φ is compared with a set maximum open area ratio [ φ ]; if the formula (4) is established, the step of generating the vortex breaking holes is quitted; otherwise, continuing to generate the crushed vortex holes;
in the formula (4), AiOpen area of the ith hole.
9. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the plurality of spoilers on the plurality of ferrules arranged along the axis of the steel pipe lightning conductor are rotated by different angles on different ferrules, and wherein the spoiler arranged on the previous ferrule is rotated by an angle of 15 ° with respect to the spoiler arranged on the next ferrule.
10. The device of claim 2, wherein the plurality of ferrule outer marker markings are collinear when the plurality of ferrules are installed.
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| CN109768474A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-05-17 | 国网甘肃省电力公司电力科学研究院 | The method for avoiding Vortex-excited vibration from influencing steel pipe lightning rod mechanical strength |
| CN110912068B (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-10-16 | 国网甘肃省电力公司建设分公司 | Energy consumption hoop for reducing lightning rod wind vibration response and construction method thereof |
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