CN106289979A - Unsaturated soil tensile strength test device and method of testing - Google Patents
Unsaturated soil tensile strength test device and method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN106289979A CN106289979A CN201610814003.8A CN201610814003A CN106289979A CN 106289979 A CN106289979 A CN 106289979A CN 201610814003 A CN201610814003 A CN 201610814003A CN 106289979 A CN106289979 A CN 106289979A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D27/00—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00
- G05D27/02—Simultaneous control of variables covered by two or more of main groups G05D1/00 - G05D25/00 characterised by the use of electric means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0012—Constant speed test
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/005—Electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of unsaturated soil tensile strength test device, including temperature and humidity control system, soil sample tensioning system, ess-strain TT&C system and computer；Temperature and humidity control system includes air compressor, dry and wet air flow control mechanism, dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air, dry and wet air mixer, constant temperature and humidity storehouse, Temperature Humidity Sensor, temperature control module, moisture transducer；Soil sample tensioning system includes that soil sample stretches box, leading screw slide unit, first connecting rod mechanism, second connecting rod mechanism, motor；Ess-strain TT&C system includes strain gauge, displacement transducer.The present invention also provides for a kind of unsaturated soil tensile strength method of testing.These apparatus and method can test tensile strength and the stress-strain diagram of unsaturated soil dry and wet path difference suction force state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil mechanics field, be specifically related to a kind of unsaturated soil tensile strength test device and method of testing.
Background technology
The most classical soil mechanics theory is mainly using the saturated soil body as object of study, and the effective stress that Tai Shaji proposes is former
Reason can preferably explain and calculate stress and the mechanical property of saturated soil.But, the soil body in nature is probably full
Water, it is also possible to insatiable hunger water, earth surface is in arid or semiarid state in region greatly, and dry and wet is followed
Ring status (as seasonal rainfall or river, reservoir level change the region affected).Extensive at saturated soil principle of effective stress
Be applied to Practical Project and successful after, people are exploring the most always a kind of can reflect unsaturated soil hydrodynamic properties very well
Theoretical frame.
Bishop proposes a kind of based on effective stress coefficient " χ " in the once speech of Norway first in nineteen fifty-five
Single stress variable unsaturated soil effective stress theoretical.Fredlund and Morgenstern thinks that only use effective stress is single and answers
Power variable is difficult to describe in a systematic way the mechanical property of unsaturated soil, and has derived description unsaturation according to numerous studies in 1977
Three groups of bivariates of soil strength and deformation, it is proposed that double stress variable theory of unsaturated soil.In recent years, for obtaining different saturation
The blanket principle of effective stress of the soil body, the research of single stress variable effective stress retrieves attention.China's Geotechnical Engineering
Expert Shen Zhujiang academician in 1996 propose " general suction " concept, its be defined as bond between soil particle, gmatjpdumamics with
Matric suction can be effectively increased the part of soil strength and non-deformability.Similar with the concept of " general suction ", American China
Descendants soil mechanics expert NingLu is taught in 2004 the Representative Volume Element body of negated saturated soil airwater mist cooling body as research
Object, proposes the concept of " suction stress " by theory analysis and mathematical derivation, and its implication includes acting on unsaturated soil granule
Physical-chemistry force, bond, surface tension and the active stress relevant with matric suction near contact point." general suction "
Important theoretical basis is provided with the structure that " suction stress " correlation theory is unsaturated soils theory theoretical frame." general suction "
Or " suction stress " is the important component part of unsaturated soil effective stress, at unsaturated soil, the highest suction force state is (low aqueous
Rate) intensity of unsaturated soil plays an important role in non-deformability.But, due to " general suction " and " suction stress "
Constitute complexity, be currently mainly in theoretical research stage, temporarily the effective directly method of testing of nothing, general directly cutting by classics
Cut test or triaxial shear test obtains indirectly.
Sample is put into during classical saturated soil direct shear test upper and lower separable shear box, and upper box is fixed, and lower box can
Slide in the horizontal direction.First apply pressure at right angle, then lower box is applied horizontal force, until sample failure by shear, by soil
Load-deformation curve in sample destructive process calculates the shearing strength of soil sample.Cut part in unsaturated soil direct shear test
Dividing essentially identical with saturated soil test, difference is the increase in the soil body substrate being mainly made up of with high air-entry value ceramic wafer pressure chamber
Suction control part.Soil sample can be controlled by axial translation technology and carry out direct shear test under different substrates suction force state.Non-
The triaxial shear test of saturated soil is similar with direct shear test, again by axial translation technology by classical saturated soil three axle
Test extends to unsaturated soil field.At present, the direct shearing of unsaturated soil and triaxial shear test are widely used in non-full
With soil mechanics research field, it it is the main means of testing of unsaturated soil mechanical property.But, though unsaturation staight scissors and triaxial test
So can directly test unsaturation soil classifiction, and matric suction can be obtained to unsaturated soil slopes by calculating, but
Cannot directly test " general suction " and " suction stress " of soil sample.Therefore, said method is not used to further investigate unsaturated soil
The formation mechenism of " general suction " and " suction stress " and mechanism of action.Additionally, by high air-entry value ceramic wafer technical limitations, axle translates
Technology is typically only capable of controlling the matric suction less than 1500kPa, now widely used unsaturation staight scissors and triaxial tester
The soil sample of higher suction force state cannot be tested by device.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of unsaturated soil tensile strength test device and method of testing, this device and side
Method controls technology based on relative humidity, for test the tensile strength of unsaturated soil dry and wet path difference suction force state and stress-
Strain curve.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of unsaturated soil tensile strength test device, including temperature and humidity control system, soil sample tensioning system, stress-answer
Become TT&C system and computer；
Described temperature and humidity control system includes air compressor, dry and wet air flow control mechanism, dried-air drier structure, sky
Gas humidification mechanism, dry and wet air mixer, constant temperature and humidity storehouse, described air compressor is with dry and wet air flow control mechanism even
Connecing, described dry and wet air flow control mechanism is connected with dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air respectively, described dried-air drier
Structure, humidifying mechanism for air are connected with dry and wet air mixer, and described dry and wet air mixer is connected with constant temperature and humidity storehouse；Described perseverance
Constant temperature and humidity storehouse is provided with temperature control module, is provided with Temperature Humidity Sensor, moisture transducer in constant temperature and humidity storehouse；
Described soil sample tensioning system includes that soil sample stretches box, leading screw slide unit, first connecting rod mechanism, second connecting rod mechanism, step
Enter motor；Described soil sample stretching box is placed in constant temperature and humidity storehouse, and described soil sample stretching box includes that structure is identical and symmetrically arranged
First soil sample places body and the second soil sample places body；Described first soil sample places body and the second soil sample is placed and is equipped with placement on body
The inner groovy of soil sample, 2 inner groovies are oppositely arranged；The width of described inner groovy opening is less than the diameter of inner groovy；Second soil sample
Placing body to be fixed by second connecting rod mechanism, the first soil sample is placed body and is connected by the slide block of first connecting rod mechanism with leading screw slide unit
Connecing, leading screw slide unit is connected with motor by change speed gear box；
Described stress-strain TT&C system includes that strain gauge, displacement transducer, described strain gauge are arranged on
On two linkages, the gauge head of institute's displacement sensors and the first soil sample place body contact；
Described dry and wet air flow control mechanism, Temperature Humidity Sensor, temperature control module, moisture transducer, motor, should
Force transducer, displacement transducer are connected with computer.
Compressed air in air compressor divides two paths to enter dry and wet air flow control mechanism, passes through the most respectively
Dried-air drier structure and humidifying mechanism for air, the air mass flow entering dried-air drier structure and humidifying mechanism for air is empty by dry and wet
Throughput controlling organization automatically controls；Air through dried-air drier structure can be sloughed steam completely and be formed anhydrous dry
Dry air, the air through humidifying mechanism for air then can form saturated wet air；Dry air and wet air are dry
It is sufficiently mixed in humid air blender uniformly, subsequently flows in constant temperature and humidity storehouse；The temperature and humidity sensing being arranged in constant temperature and humidity
Device is connected with computer, can read the relative humidity of mixing air in real time；Instrument operator can relative to mixing air
Humidity is set, and computer can send finger to dry and wet air flow control mechanism automatically according to the reading of relative humidity sensor
Order, to control to flow into the air mass flow in dried-air drier structure and humidifying mechanism for air, it is achieved to mixing air relative humidity
Control in real time；When relative humidity sensor reading is higher than setting value, it is automatically increased the air mass flow flowing into dried-air drier structure
And reduce the air mass flow of humidifying mechanism for air simultaneously；And when relative humidity sensor reading is less than setting value, perform contrary
Operation；The mixing air of relative humidity flows in constant temperature and humidity storehouse continually, makes the air phase around soil sample test specimen to be measured
It is setting value to moisture constant；Air themperature in constant temperature and humidity storehouse is by the temperature control module (semiconductor temperature being connected with computer
Module) control in real time, make the air themperature around soil sample test specimen remain at the numerical value of setting；Controlling around soil sample test specimen
Temperature with humidity simultaneously, monitors the change of moisture content data of soil sample test specimen in real time, until water content reaches by moisture transducer
After Wen Ding, soil sample test specimen has i.e. reached to set the suction equalization state under humiture state；When soil sample test specimen reaches suction equalization
After state, by the rotating speed of computer-controlled stepper motor, driven the screw turns of leading screw slide unit by change speed gear box, make slide block to set
The speed of meter slowly pulls soil sample to stretch box side, thus stretches soil sample test specimen, until soil sample test specimen is broken；In drawing process in fact
Shi Jilu strain gauge and displacement transducer data, obtain soil sample test specimen and draw high the load-deformation curve in destructive process.
By such scheme, the cross section that described inner groovy is is circular arc, and the width of the opening of inner groovy is straight less than circular arc
Footpath.
By such scheme, described dry and wet air flow control mechanism includes the first motor, the first gear, the second tooth
Wheel, the 3rd gear, the first gas rotameter, the second gas rotameter；First motor and the first gear connect,
First gear and the engagement of the second gear, the second gear and the engagement of the 3rd gear；The import of the first gas rotameter is by the
One connecting tube connects with air compressor, and the second gas rotameter is connected with air compressor by the second connecting tube, the
Being equipped with control valve in one connecting tube and the second connecting tube, the control valve in the first connecting tube is controlled by the second gear, the
Control valve in two connecting tubes is controlled by the 3rd gear；First gas rotameter is connected with dried-air drier structure, and second
Gas rotameter is connected with humidifying mechanism for air；First motor is connected with computer.First step motor drive
One gear rotate, the first gear driven the second gear and the 3rd pinion rotation, thus drive the first gas rotameter, second
The control valve of gas rotameter rotates in the opposite direction, thus regulates the flow that two-way eluting gas is different, i.e. increases
While a big road gas flow, reduce another road gas flow；When controlling the first stepping motor reversal, can reach contrary
Regulating effect；Two-way air after Flow-rate adjustment flow out after dry and wet air flow control mechanism respectively with dried-air drier structure with
Humidifying mechanism for air connects；In process of the test, relative air humidity in constant temperature and humidity storehouse is monitored by computer in real time, works as sky
The first stepping electricity when gas relative humidity is below or above setting value, in computer controlled automatic dry and wet air flow control mechanism
Machine rotates, and slowly increases or reduces the air mass flow of humidifying mechanism for air, the air of dried-air drier structure is decreased or increased simultaneously
Flow, makes the relative air humidity in constant temperature and humidity storehouse stable in setting value.
By such scheme, described dried-air drier structure includes five drying tubes being sequentially connected with, and is all provided with in each drying tube
There is desiccant；The drying tube of foremost is connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism by the first connecting tube, the first connecting tube
Outlet is stretched in desiccant, is placed at the bottom of drying tube pipe；Rearmost drying tube is mixed with dry and wet air by the second connecting tube
Device connects, and the import of the second connecting tube is located at drying tube top, is placed on desiccant；Adjacent drying tube passes through the 3rd connecting tube
Connecting, the import of the 3rd connecting tube is located at previous drying tube top, is placed on desiccant；The outlet of the 3rd connecting tube is stretched into
In the desiccant of later desiccant, it is placed at the bottom of drying tube pipe；Inflow air is made to be fully contacted with the desiccant in drying tube,
Ensure that the moisture in air is sloughed completely.
By such scheme, described humidifying mechanism for air includes five humidifier tubes being sequentially connected with, and is provided with distillation in humidifier tube
Water；The humidifier tube of foremost is connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism by the 4th connecting tube, and the outlet of the 4th connecting tube is stretched
Enter in distilled water, be placed at the bottom of humidifier tube pipe；Rearmost humidifier tube is connected with dry and wet air mixer by the 5th connecting tube,
The import of the 5th connecting tube is located at humidifier tube top, is placed on distilled water；Adjacent humidifier tube is connected by the 6th connecting tube, the
The import of six connecting tubes is located at previous humidifier tube top, is placed on distilled water；Later is stretched in the outlet of the 6th connecting tube
It is located in the distilled water of later humidifier tube, is placed at the bottom of drying tube pipe；The exit of the 4th connecting tube and the 6th connecting tube
Outlet is provided with porous stone；So that the air flowing out humidifying mechanism for air forms saturated wet air.
By such scheme, described dry and wet air mixer includes the cylinder of closed at both ends, and the bottom of cylinder is symmetrically arranged with
Dried-air drier structure, the outlet of humidifying mechanism for air；Two outlets are arranged over fan；The 7th connecting tube is passed through at the top of cylinder
Connect with constant temperature and humidity storehouse；So that dry and wet air is fully, uniformly, quickly mix.
By such scheme, described soil sample stretching box has ball, to reduce the impact of frictional force.Described first soil sample is put
The two ends up and down putting body and the second soil sample placement body are all provided with porose, and screw rod sequentially passes through the first soil sample placement body and the second soil sample is put
After putting body, fix nut；Described soil sample stretching box also includes the baffle plate being respectively placed in inner groovy both sides, the shape of baffle plate and two
Shape when individual inner groovy is symmetrical arranged is identical, to facilitate making soil body test specimen.
The present invention also provides for a kind of employing above-mentioned unsaturated soil tensile strength test device and carries out unsaturated soil tensile strength
The method of test, comprises the following steps:
1), soil body test material preparation；
2), soil body test specimen is placed in soil sample stretching box；
3) soil body test specimen, is made to reach to set the suction equalization state under humiture state；
4), etc. suction stretching soil body test specimen, until soil body test specimen is broken；Real time record strain gauge, displacement pass
Sensor data；
5), load-deformation curve is drawn according to strain gauge, the displacement transducer data of record；Process of the test goes out
Existing maximum tension stress value is the tensile strength of soil body test specimen.
Step 1) in, soil body test specimen is prepared by the soil sample stretching inner groovy of box, bolt, baffle plate so that soil body test specimen
Make very simple, convenient.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
These apparatus and method make compressed air with certain flow velocity respectively by dried-air drier structure and humidifying mechanism for air
After in dry and wet air mixer mix homogeneously；By dry and wet air flow control mechanism, Temperature Humidity Sensor, temperature control module,
Computers etc. carry out Automatic Control to relative humidity and the temperature of mixing air, and by continuous for the air of certain relative humidity
Inject in constant temperature and humidity storehouse, make soil sample test specimen be issued to suction equalization state at the relative humidity of settings at different levels with temperature conditions
(making soil sample reach dry and wet path and the suction equalization state of design)；By by soil sample stretch box, leading screw slide unit, motor,
Soil sample test specimen such as is carried out at the suction tension test by change speed gear box, strain gauge, displacement transducer etc. (makes soil sample test specimen constant
At the uniform velocity stretching under suction force state), acquisition soil sample is in dry and wet path, and the tensile strength under different suction force state is bent with stress-strain
Line；When the tension of soil sample test specimen cross section under tension exceedes tensile strength, soil sample test specimen tensile failure, the tension now recorded
It is tensile strength；These apparatus and method are simple, convenient, can be directly used for studying soil sample " general suction " and " suction stress "
Mechanism of action；It is widely used in all kinds of Practical Project construction relating to soil mechanics rationale and field of scientific study；
The suction of soil sample test specimen can be controlled at its peak being likely to be breached by this device, test scope than traditional based on
The test scope of the method for testing of axial translation technology is significantly increased, and can be unsaturated soils theory rationale and measuring technology
Research provides important technological means；
Use Automatic Control, can ensure that the accuracy of test result；
This apparatus structure is simple, rationally；This method is simple, convenient to be implemented.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of unsaturated soil tensile strength of the present invention test device；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of soil sample tensioning system；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of dry and wet air flow control mechanism；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of dried-air drier structure；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of humidifying mechanism for air；
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of dry and wet air mixer；
Fig. 7 is that the first soil sample places body and the second soil sample places the structural representation of soil sample stretching box when body closes；
Fig. 8 is that the first soil sample places body and the second soil sample places the structural representation of soil sample stretching box when body separates；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of baffle plate.
Wherein: 1, manual pressure regulating valve, 2, manual flow valve, 3, dry and wet air flow control mechanism, 4, dried-air drier structure,
5, humidifying mechanism for air, 6, dry and wet air mixer, 7, constant temperature and humidity storehouse, 8, testing stand, 9, computer, 10, semiconductor temperature
Module, 11, Temperature Humidity Sensor, 12, moisture transducer, 13, soil sample stretching box, 14, leading screw slide unit, 15, first connecting rod mechanism,
16, second connecting rod mechanism, 17, articulated joint, 18, motor, the 19, first soil sample places body, and the 20, second soil sample places body, 21,
Ball, 22, strain gauge, 23, displacement transducer, 24, slide block, 25, inner groovy, the 26, first motor, the 27, first tooth
Wheel, the 28, second gear, the 29, the 3rd gear, the 30, first gas rotameter, the 31, second gas rotameter, 32, dry
Dry pipe, the 33, first connecting tube, the 34, second connecting tube, the 35, the 3rd connecting tube, 36, desiccant, 37, humidifier tube, the 38, the 4th even
Adapter, the 39, the 5th connecting tube, the 40, the 6th connecting tube, the 41, distilled water, 42, porous stone, 43, cylinder, 44, fan, the 45, the 7th
Connecting tube, 46, bolt, 47, baffle plate.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, right
The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
See Fig. 1, a kind of unsaturated soil tensile strength test device, including temperature and humidity control system, soil sample tensioning system,
Stress-strain TT&C system and computer；
Temperature and humidity control system includes that air compressor, dry and wet air flow control mechanism, dried-air drier structure, air add
Wet mechanism, dry and wet air mixer, constant temperature and humidity storehouse, air compressor is connected, at air with dry and wet air flow control mechanism
It is provided with manual pressure regulating valve, Pressure gauge, manual flow valve between compressor and dry and wet air flow control mechanism；Dry and wet air mass flow
Controlling organization is connected with dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air respectively, and dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air are empty with dry and wet
Gas blender connects, and dry and wet air mixer is connected with constant temperature and humidity storehouse；Constant temperature and humidity storehouse is provided with temperature control module, constant temperature and humidity
Temperature Humidity Sensor, moisture transducer it is provided with in storehouse；
Soil sample tensioning system includes soil sample stretching box, leading screw slide unit, first connecting rod mechanism, second connecting rod mechanism, stepping electricity
Machine；Motor, soil sample stretching box, leading screw slide unit, be placed on testing stand；Soil sample stretching box is placed in constant temperature and humidity storehouse, soil sample
Stretching box includes that structure is identical and symmetrically arranged first soil sample is placed body and the second soil sample and placed body；First soil sample place body and
Second soil sample is placed and is equipped with the inner groovy placing soil sample on body, and 2 inner groovies are oppositely arranged；The cross section that inner groovy is is circular arc
Shape, the width of the opening of inner groovy is less than the diameter of circular arc；Second soil sample is placed body and is fixed on test by second connecting rod mechanism
On platform, the first soil sample is placed body and is connected with the slide block of leading screw slide unit by first connecting rod mechanism, leading screw slide unit pass through change speed gear box and
Motor connects；First connecting rod mechanism includes some the first rigid link connected by articulated joint, and articulated joint can ensure to draw
Force direction level；Second connecting rod mechanism includes the second rigid link；Soil sample stretching cassette bottom portion is provided with ball, reduces frictional force shadow
Ring；
Stress-strain TT&C system includes that strain gauge, displacement transducer, described strain gauge are arranged on second even
On linkage, the gauge head of institute's displacement sensors and the first soil sample place body contact；
Dry and wet air flow control mechanism, Temperature Humidity Sensor, temperature control module, moisture transducer, motor, stress pass
Sensor, displacement transducer are connected with computer.
Two paths it are divided into enter dry and wet after compressed air in air compressor manually pressure regulator valve, manual flow valve
Air flow control mechanism, the most respectively by dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air, enters dried-air drier structure, air
The air mass flow of humidification mechanism is automatically controlled by computer, dry and wet air flow control mechanism；Through dried-air drier
The air of structure can be sloughed steam completely and form anhydrous dry air, and the air through humidifying mechanism for air then can be formed full
The wet air of sum；Dry air and wet air are sufficiently mixed (by the effect of fan) all in dry and wet air mixer
Even, subsequently flow in constant temperature and humidity storehouse；The Temperature Humidity Sensor being arranged in constant temperature and humidity can read the phase of mixing air in real time
To humidity；The relative humidity of mixing air is set by instrument operator, and computer can be according to relative humidity sensor
Reading sends instruction to dry and wet air flow control mechanism automatically, to control to flow in dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air
Air mass flow, it is achieved the real-time control to mixing air relative humidity；When relative humidity sensor reading is higher than setting value,
Computer makes dry and wet air flow control mechanism be automatically increased dried-air drier structure air mass flow and reduce air wetting machine simultaneously
Structure air mass flow；And when relative humidity sensor reading is less than setting value, computer make dry and wet air flow control mechanism from
Dynamic increase humidifying mechanism for air air mass flow also reduces dried-air drier structure air mass flow simultaneously；The mixing air source of relative humidity
Source constantly flows in constant temperature and humidity storehouse, makes the relative air humidity around soil sample test specimen to be measured constant for setting value；Constant temperature and humidity
Air themperature in storehouse is controlled in real time by the semiconductor temperature module being connected with computer, makes the air themperature around soil sample test specimen
Remain at the numerical value of setting；Control soil sample test specimen environment temperature with humidity simultaneously, monitored soil by moisture transducer in real time
The change of moisture content data of sample, until after water content reaches to stablize, soil sample test specimen has i.e. reached to set the suction under humiture state
Dynamic balance state；After soil sample test specimen reaches suction equalization state, by the rotating speed of computer-controlled stepper motor, pass through change speed gear box
Drive the screw turns of leading screw slide unit, make slide block slowly pull soil sample to stretch box side with the speed of design, thus stretch soil sample
Test specimen, until soil sample test specimen is broken；Real time record strain gauge and displacement transducer data in drawing process, obtain soil sample examination
Part draws high the load-deformation curve in destructive process.
Seeing Fig. 3, dry and wet air flow control mechanism includes the first motor, the first gear, the second gear, the 3rd tooth
Wheel, the first gas rotameter, the second gas rotameter；First motor and the first gear connect, the first gear
Engage with the second gear, the second gear and the engagement of the 3rd gear；The first connecting tube is passed through in the import of the first gas rotameter
Connecting with air compressor, the second gas rotameter is connected with air compressor by the second connecting tube, the first connecting tube
Being equipped with control valve with in the second connecting tube, the control valve in the first connecting tube is controlled by the second gear, the second connecting tube
On control valve controlled by the 3rd gear；First gas rotameter is connected with dried-air drier structure, the second Gas rotameters
Effusion meter is connected with humidifying mechanism for air；First motor is connected with computer.
First step motor drive the first gear rotates, the first gear driven the second gear and the 3rd pinion rotation, thus
The first gas rotameter, the control valve of the second gas rotameter is driven to rotate in the opposite direction, thus regulate
The flow that two-way eluting gas is different, while i.e. increasing a road gas flow, reduces another road gas flow；When controlling first
During motor reversion, can reach contrary regulating effect；Two-way air after Flow-rate adjustment flows out dry and wet air mass flow control
It is connected with humidifying mechanism for air with dried-air drier structure respectively after mechanism processed；In process of the test, computer is in constant temperature and humidity storehouse
Relative air humidity is monitored in real time, when relative air humidity is below or above setting value, and computer controlled automatic dry and wet
The first motor in air flow control mechanism rotates, and slowly increases or reduce the air mass flow of humidifying mechanism for air, with
Time the air mass flow of dried-air drier structure is decreased or increased, make the relative air humidity in constant temperature and humidity storehouse stable in setting value.
Seeing Fig. 4, dried-air drier structure includes five drying tubes being sequentially connected with, and is equipped with dry in each drying tube
Agent；The drying tube of foremost is connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism by the first connecting tube, and the outlet of the first connecting tube is stretched
Enter in desiccant, be placed at the bottom of drying tube pipe；Rearmost drying tube is connected with dry and wet air mixer by the second connecting tube,
The import of the second connecting tube is located at drying tube top, is placed on desiccant；Adjacent drying tube is connected by the 3rd connecting tube, the
The import of three connecting tubes is located at previous drying tube top, is placed on desiccant；Later is stretched in the outlet of the 3rd connecting tube
In the desiccant of desiccant, it is placed at the bottom of drying tube pipe；This structure can make inflow air fully connect with the desiccant in drying tube
Touch, it is ensured that the moisture in air is sloughed completely.A diameter of 35mm of drying tube, a height of 200mm, desiccant is filled to drying tube height
80%.
Seeing Fig. 5, humidifying mechanism for air includes five humidifier tubes being sequentially connected with, and is provided with distilled water in humidifier tube；Before
The humidifier tube in face is connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism by the 4th connecting tube, and distilled water is stretched in the outlet of the 4th connecting tube
In, it is placed at the bottom of humidifier tube pipe；Rearmost humidifier tube is connected with dry and wet air mixer by the 5th connecting tube, and the 5th connects
The import of pipe is located at humidifier tube top, is placed on distilled water；Adjacent humidifier tube is connected by the 6th connecting tube, the 6th connecting tube
Import be located at previous humidifier tube top, be placed on distilled water；The outlet of the 6th connecting tube is stretched into later and is located at rear one
In the distilled water of individual humidifier tube, it is placed at the bottom of drying tube pipe；The exit of the 4th connecting tube and the outlet of the 6th connecting tube are provided with
Porous stone, leaked-in air is broken down into multiple minute bubbles after porous stone, it is possible to increase air and the contact area of distilled water,
The air making outflow humidifier tube is the most saturated.A diameter of 35mm of humidifier tube, a height of 200mm；80% capacity is loaded in humidifier tube
Distilled water.
Seeing Fig. 6, dry and wet air mixer includes the cylinder of closed at both ends, and cylinder is lucite cylinder, and it is a diameter of
100mm, a height of 200mm；Being provided with (electronic) fan at the 50mm of cylinder bottom surface, the bottom of cylinder is provided with respectively with second
The import that connecting tube, the 5th connecting tube connect, 2 imports are symmetrical arranged, and are placed in below fan；Dry air and wet air
In dry and wet air mixer, the effect by fan is sufficiently mixed uniformly；The 7th connecting tube and constant temperature is passed through at the top of cylinder
Constant humidity storehouse connects.
Seeing Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, soil sample stretching box is made up of stainless steel, and point two the symmetrical parts in left and right are first
Soil sample places body and the second soil sample places body, and after merging, periphery is the rectangle that length and width are respectively 120mm Yu 80mm, thickness 40mm.
First soil sample is placed the two ends up and down of body and the second soil sample placement body and is all provided with porose, when the first soil sample placement body and the second soil sample are put
When putting body merging, after screw rod sequentially passes through the first soil sample placement body and the second soil sample placement body, butterfly nut fix, make soil sample
Stretching two section aligned of box, in being rigidly connected.Soil sample stretching box in the middle of empty be two symmetrical radiuses be the circle of 30cm
" ∞ " shape intersected, two circle joining line distances 50mm.During test, soil sample stretching box is erectility, on thickness direction
Two face sky；It is filled in soil sample stretching soil sample test specimen both sides within box to completely attach to surrounding air, can make soil sample test specimen to the greatest extent
Reach soon and the suction force state of ambient temperature perseverance Phase Equilibrium of Moist Air.
Seeing Fig. 9, soil sample stretching box also includes the baffle plate being respectively placed in inner groovy both sides, and Weir Plate Thickness is 10mm；Baffle plate
Shape shape when being symmetrical arranged (the first soil sample place body and the second soil sample place body merge) with two inner groovies identical.Gear
Plate is corrosion resistant plate.By the inner groovy of two pieces of baffle plates with soil sample stretching box, 20mm, 30mm can be prepared respectively, and 40mm is not
The soil sample test specimen of stack pile.
Use the above-mentioned unsaturated soil tensile strength test device method that carries out unsaturated soil tensile strength test, including with
Lower step:
1), soil body test material preparation；
Needed for soil body test specimen, main tool is that the first soil sample places body, the second soil sample places body, baffle plate, bolt, nut, sky
Flat, and cut soil cutter etc.；During preparation remoulded sample, the first-selected design volume according to soil sample, bulk density and water content are disturbed needed for calculating
The quality of sample of breaking ground and the volume of water；Take certain mass representativeness disturbed sample according to result of calculation to mix with the water of certain volume
Uniformly, use the first soil sample to place body, the second soil sample is placed body, baffle plate, bolt, nut and disturbed sample is pressed into the thickness of design
Degree；Undisturbed soil sample can directly cut according to soil sample stretching box size；As carried out the test of dehydration path, soil body test specimen needs in examination
Carry out saturated according to the relevant criterion of soil test specification before testing；As the test of water suction path need to be carried out, it is not necessary to the most saturated soil body
Test specimen；
2), soil body test specimen is placed in soil sample stretching box；
The soil body test specimen prepared is installed to testing stand together with soil sample stretching box；Adjust displacement transducer position
Put, make the gauge head of displacement transducer contact with soil sample stretching box；Take out the screw rod of soil sample stretching box, close constant temperature and humidity storehouse；
3) soil body test specimen, is made to reach to set the suction equalization state under humiture state；
Starting air compressor, manually the air entered in device is adjusted to suitably by pressure regulator valve, manual flow valve
Air pressure and flow；Need to set the temperature in constant temperature and humidity storehouse and relative humidity according to test；Monitor the water of soil sample test specimen in real time
Sub sensor reading, until soil sample test specimen water content reaches steady statue；In conjunction with the relative humidity under poised state and temperature, root
Kelvin formula is descended to calculate soil body suction according to this；
In formula: ψ be soil body suction (kPa), R be argoshield constant (8.314J/mol K), T be absolute temperature, νwoFor
The specific volume (m3/kg) of water, ωvFor the molal weight (18.016kg/kmol) of steam, RH is the relative humidity of air；
4), etc. suction stretching soil body test specimen, until soil body test specimen is broken；Real time record strain gauge, displacement pass
Sensor data；
After soil sample test specimen reaches the suction equalization state set, the temperature continuing to control in constant temperature and humidity storehouse is wet with relative
Degree；The draw speed set by computer input, is controlled leading screw slide unit and pulls soil sample stretching box side (the with certain speed
One soil sample places body) slow uniform translation, until soil sample test specimen is broken；In process of the test, real time record stress passes with displacement
Sensor data；
5), load-deformation curve is drawn according to strain gauge, the displacement transducer data of record；Process of the test goes out
Existing maximum tension stress value is the tensile strength of soil body test specimen.
By the analysis of corresponding force-strain curve overall process, can be used for studying unsaturation soil sample in the suction force state set
Under the conditions of the formation mechenism of " general suction " and " suction stress " and mechanism of action.The present invention can be used for testing various soil sample in dry and wet
Path, the tensile strength under different suction force state and load-deformation curve.Can be widely used for all kinds of relating to soil mechanics rationale
Practical engineering project and field of scientific study.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or be converted,
And all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a unsaturated soil tensile strength test device, it is characterised in that: include that the stretching of temperature and humidity control system, soil sample is
System, stress-strain TT&C system and computer；
Described temperature and humidity control system includes that air compressor, dry and wet air flow control mechanism, dried-air drier structure, air add
Wet mechanism, dry and wet air mixer, constant temperature and humidity storehouse, described air compressor is connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism, institute
State dry and wet air flow control mechanism to be connected with dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air respectively, described dried-air drier structure, sky
Gas humidification mechanism is connected with dry and wet air mixer, and described dry and wet air mixer is connected with constant temperature and humidity storehouse；Described constant temperature is permanent
Wet storehouse is provided with temperature control module, is provided with Temperature Humidity Sensor, moisture transducer in constant temperature and humidity storehouse；
Described soil sample tensioning system includes soil sample stretching box, leading screw slide unit, first connecting rod mechanism, second connecting rod mechanism, stepping electricity
Machine；Described soil sample stretching box is placed in constant temperature and humidity storehouse, and described soil sample stretching box includes that structure is identical and symmetrically arranged first
Soil sample places body and the second soil sample places body；Described first soil sample places body and the second soil sample is placed and is equipped with placement soil sample on body
Inner groovy, 2 inner groovies are oppositely arranged；The width of described inner groovy opening is less than the diameter of inner groovy；Second soil sample is placed
Body is fixed by second connecting rod mechanism, and the first soil sample is placed body and is connected with the slide block of leading screw slide unit by first connecting rod mechanism, silk
Thick stick slide unit is connected with motor by change speed gear box；
Described stress-strain TT&C system includes that strain gauge, displacement transducer, described strain gauge are arranged on second even
On linkage, the gauge head of institute's displacement sensors and the first soil sample place body contact；
Described dry and wet air flow control mechanism, Temperature Humidity Sensor, temperature control module, moisture transducer, motor, stress pass
Sensor, displacement transducer connect with computer.
Unsaturated soil tensile strength the most according to claim 1 test device, it is characterised in that: what described inner groovy was cuts
Face is circular arc, and the width of the opening of inner groovy is less than the diameter of circular arc.
Unsaturated soil tensile strength the most according to claim 1 test device, it is characterised in that: described dry and wet air mass flow
Controlling organization includes the first motor, the first gear, the second gear, the 3rd gear, the first gas rotameter, the second gas
Body spinner flowmeter；First motor and the first gear connect, the first gear and the engagement of the second gear, the second gear and the 3rd
Gear engages；The import of the first gas rotameter is connected with air compressor by the first connecting tube, the second Gas rotameters
Effusion meter is connected with air compressor by the second connecting tube, and the first connecting tube and the second connecting tube are equipped with control valve,
Control valve in first connecting tube is controlled by the second gear, and the control valve in the second connecting tube is controlled by the 3rd gear；The
One gas rotameter is connected with dried-air drier structure, and the second gas rotameter is connected with humidifying mechanism for air；First
Motor is connected with computer.
4. test device according to the unsaturated soil tensile strength described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: described air is dried
Mechanism includes five drying tubes being sequentially connected with, and is equipped with desiccant in each drying tube；The drying tube of foremost passes through first
Connecting tube is connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism, and the outlet of the first connecting tube is stretched in desiccant, is placed in drying tube pipe
The end；Rearmost drying tube is connected with dry and wet air mixer by the second connecting tube, and the import of the second connecting tube is located at dry
Pipe top, is placed on desiccant；Adjacent drying tube is connected by the 3rd connecting tube, and the import of the 3rd connecting tube is located at previous
Drying tube top, is placed on desiccant；The outlet of the 3rd connecting tube is stretched in the desiccant of later desiccant, is placed in doing
At the bottom of dry pipe pipe.
5. test device according to the unsaturated soil tensile strength described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: described air wetting
Mechanism includes five humidifier tubes being sequentially connected with, and is provided with distilled water in humidifier tube；The humidifier tube of foremost passes through the 4th connecting tube
Being connected with dry and wet air flow control mechanism, the outlet of the 4th connecting tube is stretched in distilled water, is placed at the bottom of humidifier tube pipe；Finally
The humidifier tube in face is connected with dry and wet air mixer by the 5th connecting tube, and the import of the 5th connecting tube is located at humidifier tube top,
It is placed on distilled water；Adjacent humidifier tube is connected by the 6th connecting tube, and the import of the 6th connecting tube is located at previous humidifier tube
Top, is placed on distilled water；The outlet of the 6th connecting tube is stretched in the distilled water that later is located at later humidifier tube, juxtaposition
In at the bottom of drying tube pipe；The exit of the 4th connecting tube and the outlet of the 6th connecting tube are provided with porous stone.
Unsaturated soil tensile strength the most according to claim 1 test device, it is characterised in that: described dry and wet air mixes
Device includes the cylinder of closed at both ends, and the bottom of cylinder is symmetrically arranged with the outlet of dried-air drier structure, humidifying mechanism for air；Two
Outlet is arranged over fan；The top of cylinder is connected with constant temperature and humidity storehouse by the 7th connecting tube.
Unsaturated soil tensile strength the most according to claim 1 test device, it is characterised in that: under described soil sample stretching box
It is provided with ball；Described first soil sample is placed body and the second soil sample and is placed the two ends up and down of body and be all provided with porose, and screw rod sequentially passes through the
After one soil sample places body and the second soil sample placement body, fix nut.
Unsaturated soil tensile strength the most according to claim 1 test device, it is characterised in that: described soil sample stretching box is also
Including being respectively placed in the baffle plate of inner groovy both sides, the shape when shape of baffle plate is symmetrical arranged with two inner groovies is identical.
9. one kind to use the arbitrary described unsaturated soil tensile strength test device of claim 1-8 to carry out unsaturated soil tension strong
The method of degree test, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
1), soil body test material preparation；
2), soil body test specimen is placed in soil sample stretching box；
3) soil body test specimen, is made to reach to set the suction equalization state under humiture state；
4), etc. suction stretching soil body test specimen, until soil body test specimen is broken；Real time record strain gauge, displacement transducer
Data；
5), load-deformation curve is drawn according to strain gauge, the displacement transducer data of record；Process of the test occurs
Maximum tension stress value is the tensile strength of soil body test specimen.
Method the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: in step 1), soil body test specimen is interior by soil sample stretching box
Groove, bolt, baffle plate prepare.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106996970A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-01 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of unsaturated soil nonlinear strength envelope shell model |
| CN108254249A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of intelligent experimental rig and its application method for being used to measure soil body tensile strength |
| CN108918290A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-30 | 中国矿业大学 | The test soil body is uniaxially stretched the device and method of rheological behavior |
| CN110186816A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-30 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of experimental rig for testing granular materials micro kinetics characteristic |
| CN110836799A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Suction control type rapid unsaturated soil sample preparation control system and method |
| CN111044366A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 华北水利水电大学 | Test device for real-time measurement of tensile stress and crack in unsaturated soil in full-suction range |
| CN111855411A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct pulling/drawing tester and testing method for geosynthetics |
| CN113053469A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-29 | 江苏丰尚智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for predicting moisture of drying material, computer equipment and storage medium |
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| CN114062131A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Multifunctional unsaturated soil uniaxial compression instrument for controlling suction and testing method thereof |
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| CN106996970B (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2019-04-05 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of soil shear strength calculation method based on unsaturated soil nonlinear strength envelope shell model |
| CN106996970A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2017-08-01 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of unsaturated soil nonlinear strength envelope shell model |
| CN108254249A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of intelligent experimental rig and its application method for being used to measure soil body tensile strength |
| CN108918290A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-30 | 中国矿业大学 | The test soil body is uniaxially stretched the device and method of rheological behavior |
| CN110186816B (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2024-02-27 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Test device for testing microscopic dynamics characteristics of granular materials |
| CN110186816A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-30 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of experimental rig for testing granular materials micro kinetics characteristic |
| CN110836799A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-02-25 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | Suction control type rapid unsaturated soil sample preparation control system and method |
| CN111044366A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 华北水利水电大学 | Test device for real-time measurement of tensile stress and crack in unsaturated soil in full-suction range |
| CN111044366B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-06-07 | 华北水利水电大学 | Test device for real-time measurement of tensile stress and crack in unsaturated soil in full-suction range |
| CN111855411A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-10-30 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | Direct pulling/drawing tester and testing method for geosynthetics |
| CN113053469A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-06-29 | 江苏丰尚智能科技有限公司 | Method and device for predicting moisture of drying material, computer equipment and storage medium |
| CN113916331A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-11 | 王永雪 | Regulation monitoring instrument suitable for gas turbine flow test |
| CN114062131A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-02-18 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Multifunctional unsaturated soil uniaxial compression instrument for controlling suction and testing method thereof |
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