CN106281297A - 一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂及其制备方法和应用，该陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土48‑56份、钛白粉20‑28份、陶瓷7‑15份、氧化锆1‑5份、海泡石15‑23份。本发明将铝矾土、陶瓷利用醋、双氧水进行预处理后，再与钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合处理、高温烧制制得的陶粒支撑剂体积密度<1.5g/cm3，69MPa抗破碎能力＜5%，酸溶解度＜4.5%。本发明原料来源广泛，生产工艺简单、易控制，生产成本低，密度低，抗破碎能力强，产品的其他指标均符合行业标准，适用于新、老油气井水力中浅井压裂施工，减少陶粒支撑剂用量并降低成本，提高了支撑剂的利用价值，为油田产生巨大的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及油田压裂用材料技术领域，具体是一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
石油支撑剂又叫石油压裂支撑剂。在石油天然气深井开采时，高闭合压力低渗透性矿床经压裂处理后，使含油气岩层裂开，油气从裂缝形成的通道中汇集而出，此时需要流体注入岩石基层，以超过地层破裂强度的压力，使井筒周围岩层产生裂缝，形成一个具有高层流能力的通道，为保持压裂后形成的裂缝开启，油气产物能顺畅通过。目前常用的支撑剂主要有石英砂、铝钒土陶粒砂及树脂包覆的复合颗粒等。由于石英砂成本低，同时密度较低易于泵送，被大量使用，但石英砂强底低、球度差，降低裂缝导流能力，不适用于闭合压力高的深井。树脂包覆石英砂的复合颗粒，球度有改善，耐腐蚀性比较强，导流能力也较好，但产品保持期短，造价过高，在成本至上的今天推广不易，而采用铝钒土陶粒工艺的陶粒支撑剂，密度高，球度好，耐腐蚀，耐高温，耐高压，同时成本可以得到较好的控制，因此越来越广泛的被油气田所采用。而现有的采用铝钒土陶粒工艺的陶粒支撑剂还存在密度大、强度较低等不足。此外，各油田因无法找到浅井压裂所对应的石油压裂支撑剂，不得不使用价格比较高的深井压裂支撑剂，也没有取得预期效果，反而造成极大浪费，并且由于采用的深井压裂支撑剂运行成本也较高，这些问题一直以来困扰着油田浅井压裂的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种耐压强度高、化学稳定性高、耐酸性好的超低密度陶粒支撑剂及其制备方法和应用，以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土48-56份、钛白粉20-28份、陶瓷7-15份、氧化锆1-5份、海泡石15-23份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土50-54份、钛白粉22-26份、陶瓷9-13份、氧化锆2-4份、海泡石17-21份。
作为本发明进一步的方案：所述超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土52份、钛白粉24份、陶瓷11份、氧化锆3份、海泡石19份。
本发明另一目的是提供一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量3-4倍的醋浸泡1-2h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理25-30min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉；
2）将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌30-40min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体；
3）将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
本发明又一目的是提供所述陶粒支撑剂在油井气井压裂中的应用。
本发明又一目的是提供所述陶粒支撑剂在浅井压裂中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
本发明将铝矾土、陶瓷利用醋、双氧水进行预处理后，去除杂质，扩大其比表面积，再与钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合处理、高温烧制制得的陶粒支撑剂体积密度<1.5g/cm3，69MPa抗破碎能力＜5%，酸溶解度＜4.5%。本发明原料来源广泛，资源丰富，生产工艺简单、易控制，生产成本低，表面光滑、致密，具有耐压强度高、密度低、化学稳定性高、耐酸性好的特点，其他指标均符合行业标准，适用于新、老油气井水力中浅井压裂施工，能有效降低水力压裂施工过程中陶粒支撑剂对动力泵和管线磨损，有力的减少或降低了油田辅助设备的运行成本（压力液、砂比等），减少陶粒支撑剂用量并降低陶粒支撑剂的成本，陶粒支撑剂的破碎率显著降低，同时其他指标均符合行业标准，提高了支撑剂的利用价值，为油田产生巨大的经济效益。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本发明实施例中，一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土48份、钛白粉20份、陶瓷7份、氧化锆1份、海泡石15份。
将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量3倍的醋浸泡1h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理25min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉。将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌30min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体。将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
实施例2
本发明实施例中，一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土56份、钛白粉28份、陶瓷15份、氧化锆5份、海泡石23份。
将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量4倍的醋浸泡2h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理30min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉。将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌40min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体。将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
实施例3
本发明实施例中，一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土50份、钛白粉22份、陶瓷9份、氧化锆2份、海泡石17份。
将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量3.5倍的醋浸泡1.5h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理28min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉。将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌35min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体。将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
实施例4
本发明实施例中，一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土54份、钛白粉26份、陶瓷13份、氧化锆4份、海泡石21份。
将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量3.5倍的醋浸泡1.5h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理28min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉。将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌35min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体。将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
实施例5
本发明实施例中，一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土52份、钛白粉24份、陶瓷11份、氧化锆3份、海泡石19份。
将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量3.5倍的醋浸泡1.5h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理28min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉。将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌35min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体。将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
将实施例1-5陶粒支撑剂进行质量检测，结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例1-5陶粒支撑剂质量检测结果
| 检测项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 中石油标准 |
| 规格 | 20/40 | 20/40 | 20/40 | 20/40 | 20/40 | 20/40 |
| 体积密度（g/cm3） | 1.48 | 1.46 | 1.38 | 1.36 | 1.33 | ≤1.65 |
| 视密度（g/cm3） | 2.63 | 2.61 | 2.57 | 2.55 | 2.53 | ≤3.0 |
| 69MPa破碎率（%） | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.5 | ≤9 |
| 圆度 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ≥0.8 |
| 球度 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | ≥0.8 |
| 浊度FTU | 38 | 36 | 35 | 34 | 32 | ＜100 |
| 酸溶解度% | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 | ≤5 |
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (6)
1.一种超低密度陶粒支撑剂，其特征在于，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土48-56份、钛白粉20-28份、陶瓷7-15份、氧化锆1-5份、海泡石15-23份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超低密度陶粒支撑剂，其特征在于，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土50-54份、钛白粉22-26份、陶瓷9-13份、氧化锆2-4份、海泡石17-21份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超低密度陶粒支撑剂，其特征在于，由以下按照重量份的原料组成：铝矾土52份、钛白粉24份、陶瓷11份、氧化锆3份、海泡石19份。
4.一种如权利要求1-3任一所述的超低密度陶粒支撑剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）将铝矾土、陶瓷粉碎，过200目筛，用二者质量3-4倍的醋浸泡1-2h，浸泡温度为68℃，烘干后再加入二者质量3倍的双氧水，在45℃的温度下搅拌处理25-30min，再在65℃的温度下搅拌处理10min，制得混合粉；
2）将钛白粉、氧化锆、海泡石混合粉碎、过200目筛，然后与混合粉混合，加入海泡石质量1.5倍的去离子水，在50℃的温度下搅拌30-40min，再在70℃的温度下搅拌10min，然后造粒，过20目筛，制得坯体；
3）将坯体在1220℃的高温下烧制4h即得陶粒支撑剂。
5.如权利要求1-3任一所述的陶粒支撑剂在油井气井压裂中的应用。
6.如权利要求1-3任一所述的陶粒支撑剂在浅井压裂中的应用。
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