CN106280966B - 高铁用阻燃防水涂料 - Google Patents

高铁用阻燃防水涂料 Download PDF

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CN106280966B
CN106280966B CN201610656415.3A CN201610656415A CN106280966B CN 106280966 B CN106280966 B CN 106280966B CN 201610656415 A CN201610656415 A CN 201610656415A CN 106280966 B CN106280966 B CN 106280966B
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王斐芬
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高铁用阻燃防水涂料，所述高铁用阻燃防水涂料由下述重量份的原料制备而成：聚醚多元醇98‑102份、4,4'‑亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)10‑20份、滑石粉5‑15份、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺4‑14份、磷酸三丁酯0.1‑0.5份、空心玻璃微珠48‑52份、无机抗菌剂2‑8份、阻燃剂1‑5份。本发明提供的高铁用阻燃防水涂料，施工工艺简单稳定，成本低廉，具有优异的机械性性能、防水性、阻燃性、耐侯性，可以应用于高铁的混凝土防护。

Description

高铁用阻燃防水涂料
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域，尤其涉及一种高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
背景技术
随着高速铁路事业的迅速发展和对高速铁路高标准要求，高速铁路用桥梁和高架桥日益增多。高铁桥梁中采用的是城市桥梁使用的简支梁的结构形式,桥梁采用的是钢筋混凝土材质，因此高铁桥梁中的钢筋混凝土的负弯矩和混凝土桥面在受到列车的重复荷载引起的高速震动、拉伸剪切和巨大冲击作用,并且受到外部所处环境的气候变化带来温度和湿度引起的收缩膨胀后,混凝上桥梁会产生一些细微的裂缝,而这些裂缝虽然不能在短期内降低结构的承载能力，但经过一定时期的使用以后势必在下雨或者桥面有大量积水时引起桥面出现渗水或者严重时出现漏水，导致钢筋的锈蚀，而水也能和混凝土中活性骨质和钙物质生成胶体硅钙睁，这种物质会使混凝土膨胀产生新的裂纹从而影响了高速铁路的长久使用性和安全性。
混凝土桥梁防水的设计不合理，防水材料在施工中质量低劣以及使用中的荷载过都会致使钢筋混凝土产生裂缝，而混凝土桥梁本身各种反应都有可能使混凝土桥梁产生各种各样的裂缝，如碱集料反应、冻融作用、干缩、硫酸盐作用等。在使用中由于存在这些裂缝，雨水或者桥面积水容易的就进入到了混凝土中，从而加重混凝土的冻融损坏，尤其是在北方地区，冬季经常使用的撒盐化雪方法会使冰盐水进入钢筋中导致钢筋腐蚀，减小了钢筋的承载面积，也就相当于降低了桥梁的钢筋使用率，最终损坏桥梁。
高铁桥梁混凝土桥面防水层是指铺筑在铁路轨道板与桥梁混凝土之间的薄层，这层防水层的主要作用是用来以阻挡雨水荷积水分进入主梁的混凝土内，防止水分锈蚀钢筋。因此可见防水材料具有双重的作用一方面起到了隔离水分的用作，另一方面由于具有本身粘性还能通过自身粘结性能与底层形成一个整体，增强抵抗外界荷载和变形的能力。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种高铁用阻燃防水涂料，由下述重量份的原料制备而成：聚醚多元醇98-102份、4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)10-20份、滑石粉5-15份、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺4-14份、磷酸三丁酯0.1-0.5份、空心玻璃微珠48-52份、无机抗菌剂2-8份、阻燃剂1-5份。
优选地，所述的无机抗菌剂为氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的无机抗菌剂由氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌混合而成，所述氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的阻燃剂为磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的阻燃剂由磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯混合而成，所述磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的聚醚多元醇的羟值为50-120mgKOH/g，可以为聚醚DL-1000D、聚醚MN-3050D中一种或多种组成。
优选地，所述的空心玻璃微珠的导热系数为0.02-0.06W/m·K，粒径20-60μm。
本发明还提供了上述高铁用阻燃防水涂料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)按配比将聚醚多元醇加入反应釜中，将温度升至100-110℃并减压至-0.092MPa～-0.096MPa真空脱水20-40分钟后去除真空，降温至75-85℃加入4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)以转速为300-600转/分搅拌2-3小时，降温出料，得到A组分；
(2)按配比将滑石粉、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺、空心玻璃微珠、无机抗菌剂、阻燃剂加入反应釜中，将温度升至110-120℃并减压至-0.092MPa～-0.096MPa真空脱水1.5-2.5小时后去除真空，然后降温至55-65℃加入磷酸三丁酯以转速为300-600转/分搅拌10-20分钟，降温出料，得到B份；
(3)将A组分与B组分搅拌混合均匀即得。
本发明提供的高铁用阻燃防水涂料，施工工艺简单稳定，成本低廉，具有优异的机械性性能、防水性、阻燃性、耐侯性，可以应用于高铁的混凝土防护。
具体实施方式
实施例中各原料介绍：
磷酸三丁酯，CAS号：63148-62-9。
空心玻璃微珠，采用浙江海岳新材料股份有限公司提供的导热系数为0.043W/m·K，粒径40μm的空心玻璃微珠。
十二烷基二甲基氧化胺，CAS号：1643-20-5。
4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)，CAS号：5101-68-8。
滑石粉，CAS号：14807-96-6，采用上海亮江钛白化工制品有限公司生产的3000目的滑石粉。
聚醚DL-1000D，采用山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司提供的牌号为DL-1000D，羟值为109-115mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇。
聚醚MN-3050D，采用山东蓝星东大化工有限责任公司提供的牌号为MN-3050D，羟值为54.5-57.5mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇。
氯化银，CAS号：7783-90-6，粒径800目。
钨酸银，CAS号：13465-93-5，粒径800目。
碳酸锌，CAS号：3486-35-9，粒径800目。
磷酸三苯酯，CAS号：115-86-6。
六溴环十二烷，CAS号：3194-55-6。
甲基磷酸二甲酯，CAS号：756-79-6。
实施例1
高铁用阻燃防水涂料原料(重量份)：聚醚DL-1000D 70份、聚醚MN-3050D 30份、4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)16份、滑石粉10份、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺8份、磷酸三丁酯0.3份、空心玻璃微珠50份、无机抗菌剂3份、阻燃剂1.5份。
所述的无机抗菌剂由氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌按质量比为1：1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
所述的阻燃剂由磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯按质量比为1：1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。
高铁用阻燃防水涂料的制备：
(1)按配比将聚醚DL-1000D、聚醚MN-3050D加入反应釜中，将温度升至105℃并减压至-0.095MPa真空脱水30分钟后去除真空，降温至80℃并保持温度为80℃，加入4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)以转速为400转/分搅拌2.5小时降温至30℃出料，得到A组分；
(2)按配比将滑石粉、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺、空心玻璃微珠、无机抗菌剂、阻燃剂加入反应釜中，将温度升至115℃并减压至-0.094MPa真空脱水2小时后去除真空，然后降温至60℃并保持温度为60℃，加入磷酸三丁酯以转速为400转/分搅拌15分钟，降温至30℃出料，得到B份；
(3)将A组分与B组分搅拌混合均匀。得到实施例1的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的无机抗菌剂由钨酸银、碳酸锌按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例2的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的无机抗菌剂由氯化银、碳酸锌按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例3的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的无机抗菌剂由氯化银、钨酸银按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例4的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的阻燃剂由六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例5的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的阻燃剂由磷酸三苯酯、甲基磷酸二甲酯按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例6的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅在于：所述的阻燃剂由磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷按质量比为1：1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例7的高铁用阻燃防水涂料。
测试例1
对实施例1-7制备得到的高铁用阻燃防水涂料的阻燃性能进行测试。具体测试结果见表1。
表1：阻燃性能测试表
氧指数LOI值，％
实施例1 45.3
实施例2 40.6
实施例3 40.9
实施例4 41.5
实施例5 39.6
实施例6 38.8
实施例7 39.5
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，实施例1(氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌复配)阻燃性能明显优于实施例2-4(氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌中任意二者复配)。
比较实施例1与实施例5-7，实施例1(磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯复配)阻燃性能明显优于实施例5-7(磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯中任意二者复配)。
测试例2
对实施例1-7制备得到的高铁用阻燃防水涂料的抗菌性能进行测试，抗菌性能按GB/T21866-2008抗菌涂料抗菌性能测定方法和抗菌效果、HG/T 3980-2007抗菌涂料测定，大肠杆菌ATYCC 25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538。具体测试结果见表2。
表2：高铁用阻燃防水涂料抗菌性能测试数据表
大肠杆菌杀菌率，％ 金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率，％
实施例1 99.4 99.2
实施例2 94.3 94.3
实施例3 94.2 94.6
实施例4 94.5 93.5
实施例5 96.0 96.3
实施例6 96.3 96.0
实施例7 95.1 95.6
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，实施例1(氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌复配)抗菌性能明显优于实施例2-4(氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌中任意二者复配)。
比较实施例1与实施例5-7，实施例1(磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯复配)抗菌性能明显优于实施例5-7(磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯中任意二者复配)。

Claims (2)

1.一种高铁用阻燃防水涂料，其特征在于，由下述重量份的原料制备而成：聚醚多元醇98-102份、4,4'-亚甲基双(异氰酸苯酯)10-20份、滑石粉5-15份、十二烷基二甲基氧化胺4-14份、磷酸三丁酯0.1-0.5份、空心玻璃微珠48-52份、无机抗菌剂2-8份、阻燃剂1-5份；
所述的无机抗菌剂由氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌混合而成，所述氯化银、钨酸银、碳酸锌的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)；
所述的阻燃剂由磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯混合而成，所述磷酸三苯酯、六溴环十二烷、甲基磷酸二甲酯的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
2.如权利要求1所述的高铁用阻燃防水涂料，其特征在于：所述的聚醚多元醇的羟值为50-120mgKOH/g，可以为聚醚DL-1000D、聚醚MN-3050D中一种或多种组成。
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